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529 codification of Roman law by Justinian I of Byzantium
The Code of Justinian (Latin: Codex Justinianus, Justinianeus or Justiniani) is one part of the Corpus Juris Civilis, the codification of Roman law ordered
Code_of_Justinian
Collection of legal works codified by Justinian I of Byzantium
one of its parts, the Code of Justinian. The work as planned had three parts: the Code (Codex) is a compilation, by selection and extraction, of imperial
Corpus_Juris_Civilis
Period of Byzantine history from 518 to 602
under the Justinian dynasty began in 518 AD with the accession of Justin I. Under the Justinian dynasty, particularly the reign of Justinian I, the empire
Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Justinian_dynasty
Byzantine emperor from 685 to 695 and 705 to 711
emperor of the Heraclian dynasty, reigning from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711. Like his namesake predecessor, Justinian I, Justinian II was an
Justinian_II
Sixth century codification of Roman law
Institutiones) is a component of the Corpus Juris Civilis, the 6th-century codification of Roman law ordered by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I. It is largely based
Institutes_(Justinian)
Roman emperor from 527 to 565
Justinian I (Latin: Iustinianus, Ancient Greek: Ἰουστινιανός, romanized: Ioustinianós; 482 – 14 November 565), also known as Justinian the Great, was Roman
Justinian_I
Justinian, also known as the Justinian Code (429–534 AD). In India, the Edicts of Ashoka (269–236 BC) were followed by the Law of Manu (200 BC). In ancient
List_of_ancient_legal_codes
Roman empress from 527 to 548
June 548) was the wife of emperor Justinian I and Eastern Roman empress from 527 until her death. Theodora was one of Justinian's chief political advisers
Theodora (wife of Justinian I)
Theodora_(wife_of_Justinian_I)
Continuation of the Roman Empire (330–1453)
experienced recurring cycles of decline and recovery. The Byzantine Empire reached its greatest extent under the reign of Justinian I (r. 527–565), who briefly
Byzantine_Empire
Capital of the Eastern Roman and Ottoman empires
fabric of Constantinople was also damaged by the onset of the Plague of Justinian between 541 and 542 AD. It resulted in the death of up to 20% to 40% of the
Constantinople
1453 Ottoman conquest of the Byzantine capital
overall command of the defence of the land walls by the Emperor. The Byzantines knew him by the Latin spelling of his name, "John Justinian", named after
Fall_of_Constantinople
Byzantine incendiary weapon
since the Crusades. Original Byzantine sources called the substance a variety of names, such as "sea fire" (Medieval Greek: πῦρ θαλάσσιον pŷr thalássion),
Greek_fire
Babylonian legal text
called a code of law and its provisions laws. The document, on first inspection, resembles a highly organised code similar to the Code of Justinian and the
Code_of_Hammurabi
Period of acute internal instability in the Byzantine Empire from 695 to 717
deposition of Justinian II in 695 and ended in 717, when Leo III the Isaurian took power and inaugurated the Isaurian dynasty. The reign of Justinian II (685–711)
Twenty_Years'_Anarchy
Constantinople (part of modern Istanbul, Turkey) was built on the land that links Europe to Asia through Bosporus and connects the Sea of Marmara and the Black
List of sieges of Constantinople
List_of_sieges_of_Constantinople
541–549 AD in the Byzantine Empire, later northern Europe
The plague of Justinian or Justinianic plague (AD 541–549) was an epidemic of plague that afflicted the entire Mediterranean Basin, Europe, and the Near
Plague_of_Justinian
Ancient Roman circus in Istanbul
the Byzantine cathedral. The current (third) Hagia Sophia was built by Justinian I following the Nika riots. The hippodrome was still used for entertainment
Hippodrome_of_Constantinople
(2023). Justinian: Emperor, Soldier, Saint. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-213-76478-4. Savignac, David (2020). "The Medieval Russian Account of the Fourth
List_of_Byzantine_emperors
Elite unit of the Byzantine Army
(Greek: Τάγμα τῶν Βαράγγων, romanized: Tágma tōn Varángōn) was an elite unit of the Byzantine army from the 10th to the 14th century who served as personal
Varangian_Guard
Military position in the Late Roman Empire
army of the Late Roman Empire that was created after the military reforms of Diocletian. Although the Code of Justinian mentions the position of Biarchus
Biarchus
Mosque and former church in Istanbul, Turkey
Justinian I as the Christian basilica of Constantinople between 532–537 and was designed by the Greek geometers Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles
Hagia_Sophia
1204 conquest during the Fourth Crusade
The sack of Constantinople occurred in April 1204 and marked the culmination of the Fourth Crusade. Crusaders sacked and destroyed most of Constantinople
Sack_of_Constantinople
Roman law digest
part of Justinian's reduction and codification of all Roman laws up to his time. The other two parts were a collection of statutes, the Codex (Code), which
Digest_(Roman_law)
Roman legal procedure
fell into disuse during the Empire and was finally abolished by the code of Justinian.[citation needed] Forsythe, Gary, "Ubi tu gaius, ego gaia. New Light
Mancipatio
Province of the late Byzantine Empire
The Despotate of the Morea or Despotate of Mystras was a province of the Byzantine Empire between the mid-14th and mid-15th centuries. Its territory varied
Despotate_of_the_Morea
European history from the 5th to 15th centuries
Mediterranean and remained a major power. The empire's law code, the Corpus Juris Civilis or "Code of Justinian", was rediscovered in Northern Italy in the 11th
Middle_Ages
Theodosian Code, permitted Jews, like other citizens, to hire a substitute to perform the duties of decurion in their place. Justinian, whose legal code included
History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Byzantine_Empire
City walls of Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey)
after Peter the Patrician, a leading minister of Justinian I (r. 527–565). A small gate of the western end of the fort's inner wall, near the Phanarion Gate
Walls_of_Constantinople
Rulers of the Byzantine Empire from 867 to 1056
who came from the theme of Macedonia in the region of Thrace. The dynasty's ethnic origin is unknown, and has been a subject of debate. During Basil's
Macedonian_dynasty
Period of Byzantine history from 867 to 1057
control over the Adriatic Sea, Southern Italy, and all of the territory of the Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria. The Macedonian dynasty was characterised by a
Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Macedonian_dynasty
Cultural sphere of the Byzantine Empire
sphere of authority of the Byzantine emperor, bound by the same profession of Orthodox Christianity, and accepting the principles of Romano-Byzantine law
Byzantine_commonwealth
World Heritage Site in Peloponnese, Greece
Mystras or Mistras (Greek: Μυστρᾶς/Μιστρᾶς), also known in the Chronicle of the Morea as Myzethras or Myzithras (Μυζηθρᾶς), is a fortified town and a former
Mystras
Latin Christian armed expedition (1202–1204)
called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem, by first defeating the powerful
Fourth_Crusade
William Gordon (2003). The Age of Justinian and Theodora. Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford
Byzantine_flags_and_insignia
Byzantine Greek noble family
The House of Komnenos (pl. Komnenoi; Greek: Κομνηνός, pl. Κομνηνοί, pronounced [komniˈni]), Latinized as Comnenus (pl. Comneni), was a Byzantine Greek
Komnenos
Religious work of art in Christianity
after the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, and later spread to the Western church. Palladia were processed around the walls of besieged cities
Icon
Greek Orthodox monastery in Sinai
order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I, enclosing what is claimed to be the burning bush seen by Moses. Centuries later, the purported body of Catherine
Saint_Catherine's_Monastery
High altar retable in the Basilica di San Marco, Venice
retable of the Basilica di San Marco in Venice (and in Italian may refer to other gold altar frontals elsewhere). It is universally recognized as one of the
Pala_d'Oro
Byzantine naval forces
Emperor Justinian II, who settled several thousand Mardaites to serve as rowers and marines along the southern coasts of Asia Minor. Justinian also created
Karabisianoi
Byzantine rump state (1204–1461)
The Empire of Trebizond or the Trapezuntine Empire was one of the three Byzantine rump states of the Byzantine Empire that existed during the 13th through
Empire_of_Trebizond
Province of the Byzantine Empire in the Italian Peninsula (965–1071)
was finally terminated in Italy, five centuries after the conquests of Justinian I. In 1154-1156, through a plan hatched by Emperor Manuel I Komnenos
Catepanate_of_Italy
Late Roman and Byzantine-Era Imperial Guard Units
the Battle of Adrianople. Justinian I served as a candidatus in 518, at the time of the death of Emperor Anastasius and the accession of his uncle Justin
Scholae_Palatinae
Byzantine emperor from 668 to 685
Constantine named him Justinian II, signaling a deliberate association with the earlier Justinian dynasty and its ideals of renovatio imperii. The emperor's
Constantine_IV
Period of Byzantine history from 1261 to 1453
Isaurians Byzantium under the Justinian Dynasty Byzantium under the Komnenoi Byzantium under the Macedonians Family tree of Byzantine emperors Kantakouzenos
Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Palaiologos_dynasty
centralized structure of the church of San Vitale, commissioned by Emperor Justinian but never seen by him, was built. Justinian's monuments in Istanbul
Byzantine_architecture
4th–13th century political institution
before being confirmed by the emperor. This procedure was included in Justinian's code although it is unclear whether it was fully adopted in the East. In
Byzantine_senate
Period of Byzantine history from 717 to 802
Byzantine lands south of the Danube. With the first deposition of Constantine IV's son and heir Justinian II in 695 began a period of troubles that lasted
Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Isaurian_dynasty
Military term of Byzantine Empire
pronunciation: [(h)e.teˈri.a], Latinized as hetaeria) was a term for a corps of bodyguards during the Byzantine Empire. Hetaireia means 'Company, Association
Hetaireia
Byzantine border guards
Muslim states of the Middle East. Their exploits, embellished, inspired the Byzantine "national epic" of Digenes Akritas and the cycle of the Acritic songs
Akritai
Byzantine Greek noble family
The House of Vatatzes or Batatzes (Greek: Βατάτζης) was a noble Byzantine Greek family of the 11th–14th centuries with several branches, which produced
Vatatzes
Periods in Byzantine history during which religious images were banned
reign of Justinian I been increasingly taking on a spiritual significance of their own, and regarded at least in the popular mind as capable of possessing
Byzantine_Iconoclasm
People of the Byzantine Empire
end of the fifth century. Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) then brutally mopped up the rest of the pagans, highly literate academics on one end of the
Byzantines
Military unit of the Byzantine Empire
unit of battalion or regiment size, especially the elite regiments formed by Byzantine emperor Constantine V and comprising the central army of the Byzantine
Tagma_(military)
Break of communion between the Western and Eastern churches
control, Justinian I established caesaropapism as the constitution of the Church in a scheme according to which the emperor "had the right and duty of regulating
East–West_Schism
Eastern Christian liturgical rite
Catholics are not recognized as a particular Church (cf. canon 27 of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches). The Ukrainian Lutheran Church uses liturgical
Byzantine_Rite
Autocephalous church of Eastern Orthodox Christianity
churches of the Eastern Orthodox Church. It is headed by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. Because of its historical location as the capital of the
Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople
Imperial Roman military office
office of magister militum consequently evolved in nature and scope during the early Byzantine period. During the reign of Emperor Justinian I (527–565)
Magister_militum
Art of the Byzantine Empire
reign of Justinian I (527–565). Justinian devoted much of his reign to reconquering Italy, North Africa and Spain. He also laid the foundations of the imperial
Byzantine_art
Crusader state that replaced the Byzantine Empire from 1204–1261
to as the Latin Empire of Constantinople or the Constantinopolitan Empire, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on
Latin_Empire
Institutions in the Byzantine Empire
were centers of higher education, the Byzantine world, unlike the Latin West, did not know universities in the strict and original sense of the term. Higher
Byzantine_university
Foreign administration of the Byzantine Empire
preservation of civilization in Southern Europe was due to the skill and resourcefulness of the diplomacy of the Byzantine Empire, which remains one of Byzantium's
Byzantine_diplomacy
Period of Byzantine history from 1059 to 1081
Georgi Voiteh Decline of the Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire under the Doukas dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Doukas_dynasty
Byzantine cultural movement during the Macedonian dynasty
blossoming of Byzantine culture in the 9th–11th centuries, under the eponymous Macedonian dynasty (867–1056), following the upheavals and transformations of the
Macedonian_Renaissance
High dignitary and official during the last centuries of the Byzantine Empire
official during the last centuries of the Byzantine Empire, who acted as the chief minister and principal aide of the Byzantine emperor. In the West,
Mesazon
Byzantine administrative unit (theme)
destruction of the loss of Anatolia and remained peaceful and relatively prosperous during turn of the 12th century. During the Siege of Antioch, a battle of the
Cyprus_(theme)
Former palace in Constantinople
The Palace of Blachernae (Greek: τὸ ἐν Βλαχέρναις Παλάτιον) was an imperial Byzantine residence in the suburb of Blachernae, located in the northwestern
Palace_of_Blachernae
Byzantine musical system with eight modes
ⰳⰾⰰⱄⱏ, "voice, sound") is the eight-mode system used for the composition of religious chant in Byzantine, Syriac, Armenian, Georgian, Latin and Slavic
Octoechos
Period of Byzantine history from 610 to 711
Romans. The period ended with the second deposition of Justinian II in 711 and was followed by the period of political instability known as the Twenty Years'
Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Heraclian_dynasty
Byzantine rump state (1204–1261)
Empire of Nicaea (Greek: Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων), also known as the Nicene Empire, was the largest of the three Greek rump states founded by the aristocracy of the
Empire_of_Nicaea
history. The reign of the Emperor Justinian I in the mid-sixth century was the high point of the empire's expansion; however, the arrival of plague in 541
Population of the Byzantine Empire
Population_of_the_Byzantine_Empire
Christian sect formed in 7th century Armenia
persecution by Justinian II at the close of the 7th century. The sources indicate that most Paulician leaders were Armenians and the founder of the sect is
Paulicianism
Byzantine successor state under warlord Theodore Komnenos
Komnenodoukas dynasty of the Despotate of Epirus. At the time of its establishment during the struggle for Constantinople, the Empire of Thessalonica, under
Empire_of_Thessalonica
Military and territorial unit of Byzantine Empire
βάνδον) was the basic military unit and administrative territorial entity of the middle Byzantine Empire. Its name, like the Latin bandus and bandum ("ensign
Bandon_(Byzantine_Empire)
Byzantine administrative title
praetorian prefect and chief minister of Emperor Anastasius I (r. 491–518). In the 6th century, under Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565), the logothetes gained
Logothete
Western half of the Roman Empire (395–476)
disappeared by 554, at the end of Justinian's Gothic War, marking one of the most transformative political changes during the era of late antiquity. Although
Western_Roman_Empire
4th–7th century period
unchanged until the reign of Justinian I, with one exception. Sometime between the middle of the 5th century and 518 CE, the border of Palaestina Salutaris
Byzantine_Palestine
outside of imperial control until the reign of Justinian I in the early 500s. Leo I was the earliest emperor to be crowned by the Patriarch of Constantinople
Byzantine Empire under the Leonid dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Leonid_dynasty
Title granted to Byzantine (and later other) princes
category of members of royal families born during the reign of their parent. This notion was later loosely expanded to include all children born of prominent
Born_in_the_purple
Ancient Byzantine finance minister
English as the General Logothete, was in charge of the 'general financial ministry', the genikon logothesion of the middle Byzantine Empire. The genikon was
Logothetes_tou_genikou
System of measurement used in the Byzantine Empire
used in the Byzantine Empire. Until the reign of Justinian I (527–565), no universal system of units of measurement existed in the Byzantine world, and
Byzantine units of measurement
Byzantine_units_of_measurement
Official title
A sakellarios (Greek: σακελλάριος) or sacellarius is the title of an official entrusted with administrative and financial duties (cf. sakellē or sakellion
Sakellarios
Roman emperor from 306 to 337
2009. Codex Justinianeus (Justinianic Code or Code of Justinian). Scott, Samuel P., trans. The Code of Justinian, in The Civil Law. 17 vols. 1932. Online
Constantine_the_Great
Roman Empire and Byzantium legal office
to the codification of Roman law under Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565). The office continued in Italy even after the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire
Quaestor_sacri_palatii
Greek title roughly meaning 'monarch'
Greek: βασιλεύς) is a Greek term and title that has signified various types of monarchs throughout history. In the English-speaking world, it is perhaps
Basileus
Orthodox calendar used c. 691–1728
days of Augustus in AM 5500. From Justinian's decree in AD 537 that all dates must include the Indiction, the unification of the theological date of creation
Byzantine_calendar
Elite military units of the Byzantine Empire
The Immortals (Greek: Ἀθάνατοι, Athanatoi) were one of the elite tagmata military units of the Byzantine Empire, first raised during the late 10th century
Immortals_(Byzantine_Empire)
Type of warship of the Byzantine navy
(from Greek δρόμων, dromōn, lit. 'runner'), a type of galley, became the most important type of warship of the Byzantine navy from the 5th to 12th centuries
Dromon
Clothing and fashion trends of the Byzantine Empire
the early stages of the Byzantine Empire the traditional Roman toga was still used as very formal or official dress. By Justinian's time this had been
Byzantine_dress
Eastern Roman administrative division (584–751)
organisation. Around the middle of the 6th century, Emperor Justinian I launched an impressive series of campaigns for the reconquest of the West and in particular
Exarchate_of_Ravenna
Ethnicity in the Byzantine Empire
as Vardariots, were an ethnic and territorial group (probably originally of Cuman and Pecheneg origin) in the later Byzantine Empire, which provided a
Vardariotai
Currency
coins of Justinian II departed from these stable conventions by putting a bust of Christ on the obverse, and a half or full-length portrait of the Emperor
Byzantine_coinage
Senior Byzantine military rank
and the head of the Mardaites marine detachments of the Byzantine naval theme of the Cibyrrhaeots in southern Asia Minor. On the eve of the great eastern
Katepano
the Balkans date from the reign of the emperors Anastasius I (491–518) and Justinian I (527–565), however, the absence of a real military threat in those
Cities in the Byzantine Empire
Cities_in_the_Byzantine_Empire
Period of Byzantine history from 820 to 867
Byzantine Empire from 820 to 867. The Amorian dynasty continued the policy of restored iconoclasm (the "Second Iconoclasm") started by the previous non-dynastic
Byzantine Empire under the Amorian dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Amorian_dynasty
Period of Byzantine history from 1185 to 1204
riots of 532, under the reign of Justinian I. A few days later, the Crusaders demanded their payment once again. When Alexios IV told them of the situation
Byzantine Empire under the Angelos dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Angelos_dynasty
Byzantine imperial family
The House of Palaiologos (pl. Palaiologoi; Ancient Greek: Παλαιολόγος, pl. Παλαιολόγοι; female version Palaiologina; Ancient Greek: Παλαιολογίνα), also
Palaiologos
Greek Orthodox Byzantine church in Istanbul, Turkey
also known as the Church of Theotokos Pammakaristos (Greek: Θεοτόκος ἡ Παμμακάριστος, "All-Blessed Mother of God"), is one of the most famous Byzantine
Pammakaristos_Church
Byzantine military unit of 50-400 soldiers
(Greek: ἀλλάγιον) was a Byzantine military term designating a military unit of 50-400 soldiers. It first appeared in the mid-to-late 10th century, and by
Allagion
Historic division of the Byzantine Empire
succeeded in regaining parts of southern Spain, which were administered as the new province of Spania. After the death of Justinian in 565, the Eastern Roman
Exarchate_of_Africa
tonnes of gold. At the start of Justinian I's reign, the Emperor had inherited a surplus 28,800,000 from Anastasius I and Justin I. Before Justinian I's
Byzantine_economy
CODE OF-JUSTINIAN
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