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Subconscious tendency of people to prefer the numbers in the date of their birthday
The birthday-number effect is the subconscious tendency of people to prefer the numbers in the date of their birthday over other numbers. First reported
Birthday-number_effect
Phenomenon related to one's death date
The birthday effect (sometimes called the birthday blues, especially when referring specifically to suicide) is a statistical phenomenon where an individual's
Birthday_effect
Ambiguity effect Assembly bonus effect Audience effect Baader–Meinhof effect Barnum effect Bezold effect Birthday-number effect Boomerang effect Bouba/kiki
List_of_psychological_effects
Big-fish–little-pond effect (educational psychology) (pedagogy) Birthday-number effect (psychology) Black drop effect (astronomical transits) Blazhko effect (astronomy)
List_of_effects
Japanese social psychologist
he discovered the birthday-number effect, the subconscious tendency of people to prefer the numbers in the date of their birthday over other numbers
Shinobu_Kitayama
Tendency of people to prefer the letters in their name over other letters in the alphabet
exhibit the name-letter effect. A similar effect has been found for numbers related to birthdays: people tend to prefer the number signifying the day of
Name-letter_effect
Type of cryptographic attack
Let H {\textstyle H} be the number of possible values of a hash function, with H = 2 l {\textstyle H=2^{l}} . With a birthday attack, it is possible to
Birthday_attack
Key derivation function
difficult, and is known as key stretching. While the recommended minimum number of iterations was 1,000 when the standard was written in the year 2000,
PBKDF2
Type of data structure
computing a number of hashes proportional to the logarithm of the number of leaf nodes in the tree. Conversely, in a hash list, the number is proportional
Merkle_tree
Password cracking dataset
used for likely plaintexts, not the entire space of possible passwords. In effect R shepherds the results of prior hash calculations back to likely plaintexts
Rainbow_table
2015 password-based key derivation function
hashing) parallelism (p): Number (1..224-1) Degree of parallelism (i.e. number of threads) tagLength (T): Number (4..232-1) Desired number of returned bytes memorySizeKB
Argon2
Hash functions
server, that will produce a large number of hash collisions, slowing (or possibly stopping) the server with an effect similar to a packet flood of many
SipHash
Computer communications authentication algorithm
HMAC is based on the frequency of collisions for the hash function H ("birthday attack") [PV,BCK2], and is totally impractical for minimally reasonable
HMAC
Password-based key derivation function
both the salt and password are used to set all subkeys. There are then a number of rounds in which the standard Blowfish keying algorithm is applied, using
Bcrypt
Hash function phenomenon
same birthday out of n {\displaystyle n} number of people. This idea has led to what has been called the birthday attack. The premise of this attack is that
Hash_collision
Information used for message authentication and integrity checking
that this same message can only be sent once (e.g. time stamp, sequence number or use of a one-time MAC). Otherwise an attacker could – without even understanding
Message_authentication_code
20th-century rise in intelligence test scores
The Flynn effect is the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts
Flynn_effect
Cryptographic hash function
in the output to change with 50% probability, demonstrating an avalanche effect: BLAKE-512("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog") =
BLAKE_(hash_function)
Message-digest hashing algorithm
The size of the hash value (128 bits) is small enough to contemplate a birthday attack. MD5CRK was a distributed project started in March 2004 to demonstrate
MD5
Cryptographic hash function
Preimage attack Birthday attack Brute-force attack Rainbow table Side-channel attack Length extension attack Design Avalanche effect Hash collision Merkle–Damgård
MD4
Encryption method
operation modes could be error prone and difficult. This was confirmed by a number of practical attacks introduced into production protocols and applications
Authenticated_encryption
English singer-songwriter (born 2005)
Hall for the conservationist and broadcaster David Attenborough's 100th birthday. In July, she released her debut studio album, Visitor. Spiro's music genres
Sienna_Spiro
Cryptographic attack
function is inherently vulnerable to collisions using a birthday attack. Due to the birthday problem, these attacks are much faster than a brute force
Collision_attack
Cryptographic secret, not public in contrast to salt
pepper: A shared secret that is common to all users. A randomly-selected number that must be re-discovered on every password input. These mechanisms could
Pepper_(cryptography)
collisions may be found by a birthday attack. Pseudo-randomness: it should be hard to distinguish a pseudo-random number generator based on the hash function
Security of cryptographic hash functions
Security_of_cryptographic_hash_functions
Cryptographic hash function
overwhelming probability) result in a mostly different hash, due to the avalanche effect. For example, adding a period to the end of the sentence: Skein-512-256("The
Skein_(hash_function)
Attack model against cryptographic hash functions
method to prevent the testing of short passwords see salt (cryptography). Birthday attack Cryptographic hash function Hash function security summary Puzzle
Preimage_attack
Atmospheric heat retention
The greenhouse effect occurs when heat-trapping gases in a planet's atmosphere prevent the planet from losing heat to space, raising its surface temperature
Greenhouse_effect
7th episode of the 3rd season of Succession
"Too Much Birthday" is the seventh episode of the third season of the American satirical comedy-drama television series Succession, and the 27th episode
Too_Much_Birthday
Method of building collision-resistant cryptographic hash functions
smaller output hash size or to guarantee a better mixing and avalanche effect on the bits in the hash sum. The finalisation function is often built by
Merkle–Damgård_construction
2021 South Korean web series
Blue Birthday (Korean: 블루버스데이) is a South Korean drama web series produced by Naver subsidiary Playlist Studio. Directed by Park Dan-hee and co-written
Blue_Birthday
Concept in cryptography
In cryptography, the avalanche effect is the desirable property of cryptographic algorithms, typically block ciphers and cryptographic hash functions,
Avalanche_effect
Key derivation function based on an HMAC
{\displaystyle r} , even if fixed by the application (for example, random number generators using r {\displaystyle r} as seed), would strengthen protections
HKDF
English darts player (born 2007)
appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2025 Birthday Honours and was featured in Time's list of "The 100 Most Influential People
Luke_Littler
Cryptographic hash function
Preimage attack Birthday attack Brute-force attack Rainbow table Side-channel attack Length extension attack Design Avalanche effect Hash collision Merkle–Damgård
Tiger_(hash_function)
Applies an electric current to heat or cool materials
Thermoelectric heat pumps use the thermoelectric effect, specifically the Peltier effect, to heat or cool materials by applying an electrical current
Thermoelectric_heat_pump
Attack against cryptographical hash functions
hash function before their payload (in this case, a 0x80 followed by a number of 0x00s and a message length, 0x228 = 552 = (14+55)*8, which is the length
Length_extension_attack
Message authentication code algorithm
lexicographically first irreducible degree-b binary polynomial with the minimal number of ones: 0x1B for 64-bit, 0x87 for 128-bit, and 0x425 for 256-bit blocks
One-key_MAC
Legacy of the 1999 Columbine massacre
The Columbine effect is the legacy and impact of the Columbine High School massacre ("Columbine"), which occurred on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High
Columbine_effect
Obsolete cryptographic hash function
memory requirements of 252 hash values. This is slightly better than the birthday attack which is expected to take 265.5 compression function evaluations
MD2_(hash_function)
federal holidays February 12 – Lincoln's Birthday November 2–8 (floating Tuesday) – Election Day (in even-numbered years) November 23–29 (floating Friday) –
Holidays with paid time off in the United States
Holidays_with_paid_time_off_in_the_United_States
American poet and writer (1932–1963)
died on November 5, 1940, a week and a half after his daughter's eighth birthday, of complications following the amputation of a foot due to untreated diabetes
Sylvia_Plath
Cryptographic primitive
{hash} (m_{1})=\operatorname {hash} (m_{2})} . Due to the birthday paradox (see also birthday attack) there is a 50% chance a collision can be found in
One-way_compression_function
Inelastic scattering of photons by matter
In chemistry and physics, Raman scattering or the Raman effect (/ˈrɑːmən/) is the inelastic scattering of photons by matter, meaning that there is both
Raman_scattering
Cryptographic hash function
Preimage attack Birthday attack Brute-force attack Rainbow table Side-channel attack Length extension attack Design Avalanche effect Hash collision Merkle–Damgård
MDC-2
Epstein's birthday book In September 2025, the House Oversight Committee released a 2003 birthday book created by Maxwell for Epstein's 50th birthday, titled
Relationship of Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein
Relationship_of_Donald_Trump_and_Jeffrey_Epstein
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
m {\displaystyle m} is the number of 128-bit blocks in A {\displaystyle A} (rounded up); n {\displaystyle n} is the number of 128-bit blocks in C {\displaystyle
Galois/Counter_Mode
Message authentication code algorithm
Preimage attack Birthday attack Brute-force attack Rainbow table Side-channel attack Length extension attack Design Avalanche effect Hash collision Merkle–Damgård
PMAC_(cryptography)
Person who has turned 100 years old
congratulations on one's 105th birthday and every year thereafter as well as on special wedding anniversaries.[citation needed] While the number of centenarians per
Centenarian
Competition to develop SHA-3
Preimage attack Birthday attack Brute-force attack Rainbow table Side-channel attack Length extension attack Design Avalanche effect Hash collision Merkle–Damgård
NIST hash function competition
NIST_hash_function_competition
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
resistance strength of n / 2 {\displaystyle n/2} bits (lower because of the birthday paradox). Cryptographic hash functions have many information-security applications
Cryptographic_hash_function
Health effects of an older father at conception
The paternal age effect is the statistical relationship between the father's age at conception and biological effects on the child. Such effects can relate
Paternal_age_effect
Australian and South Korean singer (born 2005)
(11 April 2023). '오늘 생일' 뉴진스 다니엘 Happy Birthday Danielle ['Today's Birthday' New Jeans Daniel Happy Birthday Danielle]. MK Sports (in Korean). Archived
Danielle_(singer)
Season of the television series
depth, and jokes involving the show's parent company. The episode "Bart's Birthday" was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program
The_Simpsons_season_36
1967 single by Tommy James and the Shondells
artists, most notably by Tiffany in 1987 and The Birthday Massacre in 2008. The Tiffany recording reached number 1 on the charts of various countries including
I_Think_We're_Alone_Now
Electrochemical surface effect
version: (2006–) "field effect". doi:10.1351/goldbook.F02358 Karl Willy Wagner, "Max Wien zum 70. Geburtstag" (On the 70th birthday of Max Wien), Naturwissenschaften
Wien_effect
1997 film by David Fincher
Moments. The Man Who Knew Too Little (1997) Alternate reality game Birthday effect Simulacrum Twist ending "The Game (1997)". AFI Catalog of Feature Films
The_Game_(1997_film)
Message authentication code algorithm
Preimage attack Birthday attack Brute-force attack Rainbow table Side-channel attack Length extension attack Design Avalanche effect Hash collision Merkle–Damgård
CBC-MAC
Cryptographic hash function
37f332f68db77bd9d7edd4969571ad671cf9dd3b RIPEMD-160 behaves with the desired avalanche effect of cryptographic hash functions (small changes, e.g. changing d to c, result
RIPEMD
British singer-songwriter (born 1945)
singles in the US, with four reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100. He was knighted in Britain's 2016 Birthday Honours for services to music and charity
Rod_Stewart
Canadian and American actress and former model (born 1974)
special nature of the Number Six character – there are many "copies" of Number Six with distinct personalities – Helfer has, in effect, played numerous roles
Tricia_Helfer
2024 studio album by Coldplay
Moon Music, review: so sickly sweet it could soundtrack a children's birthday party". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
Moon_Music
American businessman (1924–2023)
fraternity Sigma Phi Society. In early 1943, a few days after his 19th birthday, he dropped out of college to serve in the U.S. Army Air Corps, where he
Charlie_Munger
U.S. conscription procedure during the Vietnam War
date drawn was September 14; all registrants with that birthday were assigned lottery number 1. The next numbers drawn corresponded to April 24, December
Vietnam_War_draft
Cryptographic hash function
N-hash, and showed that collisions could be generated faster than by a birthday attack for N-hash variants with even up to 12 rounds. N-hash follows an
N-hash
Notation for conserved quantities in physics and chemistry
independently showed that adding third quantum number gave a complete account for the Stark effect results. A consequence of space quantization was
Quantum_number
Epic poem attributed to Homer
Festival of athletics, music, poetics, and sacrifice, celebrating Athena's birthday. Originally, Classical scholars treated the Iliad and the Odyssey as written
Iliad
American rapper (born 1994)
daughter. The line was launched to coincide with her daughter's sixth birthday. On March 5, 2025, Yung Miami announced that she would be going on a game
Yung_Miami
This is a list of number-one singles in Sweden at "Kvällstoppen" (Evening top list) 1962–1975, "Topplistan" (The top list) 1975–1997, "Hitlistan" (The
List of number-one singles and albums in Sweden
List_of_number-one_singles_and_albums_in_Sweden
Cryptographic hash primitive
we have therefore decided to remove the belt and instead increase the number of words in the mill Khovratovich, Dmitry (2008). "Two Attacks on RadioGatún"
RadioGatún
Theory of cryptography
authentication codes, mask generation functions, stream ciphers, pseudo-random number generators, and authenticated encryption. A sponge function is built from
Sponge_function
Head of state
official birthday was amended twice, first to the last Saturday of July, and then to September 9. This amendment was originally planned to take effect under
King_of_Malaysia
U.S. federal statute known as Obamacare
enactment of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. Most of the act remains in effect. The ACA's major provisions came into force in 2014. By 2016, the uninsured
Affordable_Care_Act
Cryptographic hash function
how to find second pre-images and thus collisions, Wagner's generalized birthday attack. ECOH is a good example of hash function that is based on mathematical
Elliptic_curve_only_hash
British retired pornographic film actress (born 1978)
topless modeling debut in the Sunday Sport tabloid newspaper on her 16th birthday in 1994. Known for her naturally large breasts, she went on to feature
Linsey_Dawn_McKenzie
Celebratory gunfire
has celebrated a military victory or birthday. In recent years, it has marked, in royal presence, the 80th birthday and the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth
Feu_de_joie
Russian cryptographic hash function
overwhelming probability) result in a mostly different hash, due to the avalanche effect. For example, adding a period to the end of the sentence: Streebog-256("The
Streebog
Family of cryptographic hash functions
size are completely scalable. The speed can be adjusted by adjusting the number of bitwise operations used by FSB per input bit. The security can be adjusted
Fast_syndrome-based_hash
Observation on the growth of integrated circuit capacity
relationship, not a scientific law. This type of observation, an experience curve effect, quantifies efficiency gains from learned experience in production. The
Moore's_law
Social media platform owned by Meta
Instagram offers a number of photographic filters that users can apply to their images. In February 2012, Instagram added a "Lux" filter, an effect that "lightens
tariff of 10% under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, to remain in effect for 150 days, until July 24, 2026. After a lawsuit, the United States Court
Tariffs in the second Trump administration
Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration
Cryptographic hash function
digest, requires on average only about 1.2 × 2L/2 evaluations using a birthday attack. Thus the strength of a hash function is usually compared to a symmetric
SHA-1
2012 riots in Groningen, Netherlands
500 people himself. This triggered a snowball effect where thousands of people were added to that number in a matter of days. In just two days, 16,000
Project_X_Haren
American sports comedy-drama television series
Lasso Casting Director Theo Park Fulfills Each Role With the 'Ted Lasso Effect'". Below the Line. Archived from the original on September 20, 2021. Retrieved
Ted_Lasso
Mass shooting in State of Mexico, Mexico
on the 27th anniversary of the Columbine shooting and on Hitler's 137th birthday. Below his shirt, he wore a T-shirt bearing the phrase "Disconnect and
2026_Teotihuacan_shooting
Police chase in Los Angeles, United States
Ascension Cemetery in Lake Forest on June 16, coincidentally his 47th birthday, where he served as pallbearer and gatekeeper. Simpson had also attended
White_Bronco_chase
American comedian and radio personality (born 1992)
premiered in 2020 as part of the launch lineup of Charlamagne Tha God's Black Effect Podcast Network. It was one of the first podcasts to be released by Facebook
Jess_Hilarious
2026 studio album by Lizzo
she performed "Don't Make Me Love U" on CBS Mornings. On April 27, her birthday, Lizzo shared the album's title, cover art and release date of June 5,
Bitch_(album)
Indian decorative fabric strip
are long-lasting and give a shiny effect due to the material used in their construction. Jhalars can be used in a number of ways: hanging them on walls in
Jhalar
Christian holiday usually on December 25
by a variety of terms. In 1872, it initially called Christmas "Jesus' birthday" (Chinese: 耶穌誕日; pinyin: yēsū dànrì). However, from 1873 to 1881, the Qing
Christmas
American multinational technology company
reportedly happened to celebrate index-size milestones in tandem with the birthday. Fitzpatrick, Alex (September 4, 2014). "Google Used to Be the Company
Cryptographic hash function
probability, result in a completely different message digest due to the avalanche effect: MD6("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cog") =
MD6
Men's basketball season in the United States
athletes would have five full years of eligibility, starting on their 19th birthday or high school graduation, whichever is sooner. No redshirting would be
2026–27 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
2026–27_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season
Statistical bias
shown less bias in talent identification reducing the relative age effect. Birthday banding, and re-calculating scores based on relative age, are other
Relative_age_effect
Cryptographic hash function
192 bits, 224 bits, and 256 bits. HAVAL also allows users to specify the number of rounds (3, 4, or 5) to be used to generate the hash. HAVAL was broken
HAVAL
American singer-songwriter (1939–2026)
early 1960s, including "Oh! Carol" (1959), "Calendar Girl" (1960), "Happy Birthday Sweet Sixteen" (1961), and "Breaking Up Is Hard to Do" (1962). His popularity
Neil_Sedaka
Cryptographic hash function
overwhelming probability) result in a mostly different hash, due to the avalanche effect. For example, adding a period to the end of the sentence: JH-256("The quick
JH_(hash_function)
Cryptographic hash function
loops in the permutation. The method is independent of the number of words in A and the number of rounds; therefore, the method works for any choice of
Shabal
Cryptographic hash function
a single bit, will wildly change the hash output, due to the avalanche effect. Hashing the message "hello" (which only differs from "Hello" in 1 bit position)
CubeHash
Cryptographic hash function
overwhelming probability) result in a mostly different hash, due to the avalanche effect. For example, adding a period to the end of the sentence: Grøstl-256("The
Grøstl
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