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Astronomic function
In astronomy, the binary mass function or simply mass function is a function that constrains the mass of the unseen component (typically a star or exoplanet)
Binary_mass_function
Topics referred to by the same term
Mass function may refer to: Binary mass function, a function that gives the minimum mass of a star or planet in a spectroscopic binary system Halo mass
Mass_function
Empirical function in astronomy
In astronomy, the initial mass function (IMF) is an empirical function that describes the initial distribution of masses for a population of stars during
Initial_mass_function
Lowest possible mass of the celestial object
velocity method or Doppler spectroscopy, and is determined using the binary mass function. This method reveals planets by measuring changes in the movement
Minimum_mass
System of two stars orbiting each other
these close binary systems can exchange mass, which may bring their evolution to stages that single stars cannot attain. Examples of binaries are Sirius
Binary_star
System consisting of two black holes in close orbit around each other
black holes themselves, binary black hole systems are classified as either stellar-mass—involving remnants of high-mass binary star systems or formed by
Binary_black_hole
Exponent of a power of two
2 and is the inverse function of the power of two function. There are several alternatives to the log2 notation for the binary logarithm; see the Notation
Binary_logarithm
Topics referred to by the same term
each digit Binary function, a function that takes two arguments Binary operation, a mathematical operation that takes two arguments Binary relation, a
Binary
Velocity of an object as the rate of distance change between the object and a point
allows the calculation of the lower bound on a planet's mass using the binary mass function. Radial velocity methods alone may only reveal a lower bound
Radial_velocity
the presence of the planet using the binary mass function. The speed of the star around the system's center of mass is much smaller than that of the planet
Methods of detecting exoplanets
Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets
Indirect method for finding extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs
amplitude of the curve will allow the minimum mass of the planet to be calculated using the binary mass function. The Bayesian Kepler periodogram is a mathematical
Doppler_spectroscopy
Limited form of tree data structure
In computer science, a binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two children, referred to as the left child and the right child
Binary_tree
corresponds to a high-mass X-ray binary in which the normal star is a Wolf–Rayet star and the compact object is a stellar black hole. The mass of this black hole
IC_10_X-1
Statistical model for a binary dependent variable
to make a binary classifier. Analogous linear models for binary variables with a different sigmoid function instead of the logistic function (to convert
Logistic_regression
Large self-illuminated object in space
The mass, radius, surface gravity, and rotation period can then be estimated based on stellar models. (Mass can be calculated for stars in binary systems
Star
Function with unusual fractal properties
question-mark function involves the correspondence between two different ways of representing real numbers using finite or infinite binary sequences. Most
Minkowski's question-mark function
Minkowski's_question-mark_function
Binary brown dwarf system in the constellation Eridanus
J0336−0143 or W0336, is a binary system comprising two planetary-mass Y-type brown dwarfs tightly orbiting around their common center of mass. The system is located
WISE_J0336−0143
Stellar core remnant
star is in a binary system, as is the case for Sirius B or 40 Eridani B, it is possible to estimate its mass from observations of the binary orbit. This
White_dwarf
Algorithm for supervised learning of binary classifiers
perceptron is an algorithm for supervised learning of binary classifiers. A binary classifier is a function that can decide whether or not an input, represented
Perceptron
Star in the constellation Gemini
Geminorum A is a binary system. The binary mass function, together with the mass of the visible star, would imply a secondary mass of at least 6 solar
Delta_Geminorum
Description of continuous random distribution
function (CDF), or it may be a probability mass function (PMF) rather than the density. Density function itself is also used for the probability mass
Probability_density_function
Type of probability distribution
distribution function and either in terms of a joint probability density function (in the case of continuous variables) or joint probability mass function (in
Joint probability distribution
Joint_probability_distribution
In mathematics, a quantitative measure of the shape of a set of points
function in mathematics are certain quantitative measures related to the shape of the function's graph. For example, if the function represents mass density
Moment_(mathematics)
Substellar object
dwarfs binaries of type M, L, and T are less common with a lower mass of the primary. L-dwarfs have a binary fraction of about 24+6 −2% and the binary fraction
Brown_dwarf
European space mission to measure gravitational waves
compact objects, known as extreme mass ratio inspirals, binaries of compact stars, substellar objects orbiting such binaries, and possibly other sources of
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna
indicate that the upper mass limit is in the 120-solar-mass range, so any mass estimate above this range is suspect. Eclipsing binary stars are the only stars
List_of_most_massive_stars
Open cluster in the constellation Gemini
F. (2026-02-25), A deep HST view of the open cluster NGC2158: binaries, mass functions, and M-dwarf discontinuity, arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2602.21882
NGC_2158
Mathematical framework to model epistemic uncertainty
this formalism a degree of belief (also referred to as a mass) is represented as a belief function rather than a Bayesian probability distribution. Probability
Dempster–Shafer_theory
In applied statistics, fractional models are, to some extent, related to binary response models. However, instead of estimating the probability of being
Fractional_model
Gravitationally-binding region around a star in a binary system
first Lagrangian point. In binary evolution this is referred to as mass transfer via Roche-lobe overflow. In principle, mass transfer could lead to the
Roche_lobe
Mathematical function that outputs real values
In mathematics, a real-valued function is a function whose values are real numbers. In other words, it is a function that assigns a real number to each
Real-valued_function
Proportion of a constituent in a mixture
one can express mole fractions of a component as functions of other components mole fraction and binary mole ratios: x 1 = 1 − x 2 1 + x 3 x 1 x 3 = 1 −
Mole_fraction
2015 detection made by LIGO interferometers
was also the first observation of a binary black hole merger, demonstrating both the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems and the fact that
First observation of gravitational waves
First_observation_of_gravitational_waves
Mathematical functions
differentiate between malignant and benign adnexal mass prior to surgery. Let Y {\displaystyle Y} be a binary outcome variable which can assume one of two mutually
Hyperbolastic_functions
Compact astronomical body
determine the black hole's mass and location. In this way, astronomers have identified numerous stellar black hole candidates in binary systems and established
Black_hole
Brief thermal runaway nuclear fusion in the core of low-mass stars
mass of hydrogen becomes sufficiently large, runaway fusion causes a nova. In a few binary systems where the hydrogen fuses on the surface, the mass of
Helium_flash
Open cluster in the constellation Taurus
result of mass segregation is the concentration of binary systems in the cluster core. More than half of the known F and G stars are binaries, and these
Hyades_(star_cluster)
Star system in the constellation Libra
something that is called a near equal-mass binary. 2M1510A has a mass of about 40 MJ and 2M1510B has a mass of about 39 MJ. The pair orbits each other
2M1510
Measure of similarity and diversity between sets
Index to positive vectors, where a set corresponds to a binary vector given by the indicator function, i.e. x i ∈ { 0 , 1 } {\displaystyle x_{i}\in \{0,1\}}
Jaccard_index
Type of supernova in binary systems
prevent catastrophic collapse. If a white dwarf gradually accretes mass from a binary companion, or merges with a second white dwarf, the general hypothesis
Type_Ia_supernova
Binary pulsar–neutron star system in the constellation Vulpecula
individual component masses have not been measured directly, the binary mass function constrains them to be <1.31 M☉ and >1.18 M☉ for the pulsar and companion
PSR_J1946+2052
Star system in the Centaurus constellation
Centauri AB are the nearest binary stars to the Sun at a distance of 4.344 ly (1.33 pc). Rigil Kentaurus has 1.1 times the mass (M☉) and 1.5 times the luminosity
Alpha_Centauri
Planet not gravitationally bound to a star
mass objects with decreasing mass. It was also predicted that the binary fraction decreases with mass. These binaries were named Jupiter-mass Binary Objects
Rogue_planet
Mathematical function
mathematics, a function of a real variable is a function whose domain is a subset of R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } . Many real functions that are often
Function_of_a_real_variable
Property of operations
idempotence to binary relations Idempotent (ring theory) Involution (mathematics) Iterated function List of matrices Nilpotent Pure function Referential
Idempotence
Isolated, small, and opaque nebula
Zinnecker, H. (10–15 April 2000). "Binary and multiple star formation in Bok globules". Birth and Evolution of Binary Stars, Poster Proceedings of IAU Symposium
Bok_globule
Continuous band of stars that appears on plots of stellar color versus brightness
unresolved binary stars that can alter the observed stellar parameters. However, even perfect observation would show a fuzzy main sequence because mass is not
Main_sequence
Computer approximation for real numbers
to binary floating-point. For example, the decimal number 0.1 is not representable in binary floating-point of any finite precision; the exact binary representation
Floating-point_arithmetic
Densest star cluster known
close binary systems with two hot luminous members, but there is little evidence of the evolution of these stars being affected by binary mass exchange
Arches_Cluster
(May 2024). "Astrometric detection of a Neptune-mass candidate planet in the nearest M-dwarf binary system GJ65 with VLTI/GRAVITY". Astronomy & Astrophysics
List_of_nearest_stars
Concise notation for large or small numbers
number 1001b in binary (=9d) is written as 1.001b × 2d11b or 1.001b × 10b11b using binary numbers (or shorter 1.001 × 1011 if binary context is obvious)
Scientific_notation
Amount of substance of solute divided by the mass of the solvent
denominator of the molalities of the solutes in the ternary solutions as functions of binary molalities and masses of solution: m 01 = m s 1 1 + b 11 M 1 {\displaystyle
Molality
Measure for evaluating probabilistic forecasts
Brier/quadaratic score of the sampled cumulative distribution function F {\displaystyle F} for the binary event { X ≤ y } {\displaystyle \{X\leq y\}} . CRPS is
Scoring_rule
Branch of astronomy using gravitational waves
produced by cataclysmic events such as the merger of binary black holes, the coalescence of binary neutron stars, supernova explosions and processes including
Gravitational-wave_astronomy
Unit of information
open or closed. These relays functioned as mechanical switches, physically toggling between states to represent binary data, forming the fundamental
Bit
Self-balancing binary search tree data structure
In computer science, a red–black tree is a self-balancing binary search tree data structure noted for fast storage and retrieval of ordered information
Red–black_tree
Binary brown dwarf star in the constellation Andromeda
from Earth. Analysis of the spectrum shows that the binary is probably old and has a total mass of 32+5 −6 MJ for an age of 10 billion years. If it is
WISE_0146+4234
Star in the constellation Phoenix
this inclination and assuming a mass of 3.0 M☉ for the primary, the binary mass function can be used to calculate a mass of 0.91 M☉ for the secondary. The
Phi_Phoenicis
Electron tube
Charles S. (August 2008). "The Additron: A Binary Full Adder in a Tube". Tube Collector. 10 (4): 12. "Binary Adder Tube for High-Speed Computers" (PDF)
Additron_tube
T-DNA binary systems. T-DNA is located on the binary vector (the non-T-DNA region of this vector containing origin(s) of replication that could function both
Transfer_DNA_binary_system
Base-16 numeric representation
hardware is binary in nature and that hex is power of 2, the hex representation is often used in computing as a dense representation of binary information
Hexadecimal
Area of combinatorics that deals with the number of ways certain patterns can be formed
now be used to enumerate common combinatorial objects including trees (binary and plane), Dyck paths and cycles. A combinatorial structure is composed
Enumerative_combinatorics
Gravitational process studied in astronomy
single star, must also account for the statistics of binary stars and the initial mass function. Most stars do not form in isolation but as part of a
Star_formation
Star at the centre of the Solar System
August 2007. Lada, C. J. (2006). "Stellar multiplicity and the initial mass function: Most stars are single". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 640 (1): L63–L66
Sun
Process that leads to gradual decrease of the distance between two orbiting bodies
its satellite, a star and any object orbiting it, or components of any binary system. If left unchecked, the decay eventually results in termination of
Orbital_decay
Constellation in the southern hemisphere
Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Marocco, Federico; et al. (April 2024). "The Initial Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20 pc Census of ~3600 Stars and Brown Dwarfs"
Eridanus_(constellation)
Assembly language and bytecode for web browsers
WebAssembly (Wasm) defines a portable binary code format and a corresponding text format for executable programs and software interfaces for facilitating
WebAssembly
Globular cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus
and one is an eclipsing binary. The cluster may prove to be the galaxy's richest in terms of RR Lyrae variables. It has ten binary millisecond pulsars, including
Messier_62
Electronic systems with a continuously variable signal
precision. The ADC takes an analogue signal and changes it into a series of binary numbers. The ADC may be used in simple digital display devices, e. g., thermometers
Analogue_electronics
Sequence of program instructions invokable by other software
memory and baking the return values to the binary code itself. Advantages of breaking a program into functions include: Decomposing a complex programming
Function (computer programming)
Function_(computer_programming)
Star whose atmosphere contains more carbon than oxygen
of carbon stars, belonging to the types C-J and C-H, are believed to be binary stars, where one star is observed to be a giant star (or occasionally a
Carbon_star
Average uncertainty in variable's states
( p ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {H} (p)} is concave in the probability mass function p {\displaystyle p} , i.e. H ( λ p 1 + ( 1 − λ ) p 2 ) ≥ λ H ( p 1 )
Entropy_(information_theory)
List of largest planets by size
"Direct-imaging discovery of a 12-14 Jupiter-mass object orbiting a young binary system of very low-mass stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 553: L5.
List_of_largest_exoplanets
Flow of gas ejected from the upper atmosphere of a star
; Wahlin, R.; Höfner, S. (January 2010). "Dust driven mass loss from carbon stars as a function of stellar parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 509:
Stellar_wind
Mathematical function with multiple real-number arguments
In mathematics, a function of several real variables or real multivariate function is a function with more than one argument, with all arguments being
Function of several real variables
Function_of_several_real_variables
Aspect of relativity in physics
away from the source. Gravitational waves perform the same function. Thus, for example, a binary system loses angular momentum as the two orbiting objects
Gravitational_wave
Equation in stellar astrophysics
These equations are determined empirically by determining the mass of stars in binary systems to which the distance is known via standard parallax measurements
Mass–luminosity_relation
Formal power series
probability mass function of a discrete random variable, then its ordinary generating function is called a probability-generating function. The exponential
Generating_function
Device used for calculations
Other functions are usually performed using repeated additions or subtractions. Most pocket calculators do all their calculations in binary-coded decimal
Calculator
Albert Einstein's hypothetical situations to argue scientific points
gravitational mass corresponding to the increase in inertial mass, and if there is such an increase, is the increase in gravitational mass precisely the
Einstein's thought experiments
Einstein's_thought_experiments
Early stage in the process of star formation
is still gathering mass from its parent molecular cloud. It is the earliest phase in the process of stellar evolution. For a low-mass star (i.e. that of
Protostar
Physics problem related to laws of motion and gravity
solved to give explicit formulas for the positions of the bodies as a function of time. For most initial conditions, the dynamical system for three orbiting
Three-body_problem
Type of neutron star with beams of radiation
useful tools for astronomers. For example, observations of a pulsar in a binary neutron star system were used to indirectly confirm the existence of gravitational
Pulsar
Mathematical function for the probability a given outcome occurs in an experiment
often described by functions such as cumulative distribution functions, probability mass functions, or probability density functions. Which description
Probability_distribution
Parallax Program. III. 2MASS J0249-0557 c: A Wide Planetary-mass Companion to a Low-mass Binary in the β Pic Moving Group". The Astronomical Journal. 156
List_of_exoplanet_extremes
Changes to stars over their lifespans
Mass transfer in a binary system may cause an initially stable white dwarf to surpass the Chandrasekhar limit. If a white dwarf forms a close binary system
Stellar_evolution
Device used to measure gravitational waves
gravitational waves with wavelengths of a few thousand kilometers from a merging binary of stellar black holes. In June 2023, four pulsar timing array collaborations
Gravitational-wave observatory
Gravitational-wave_observatory
Statistical function
and model selection. Let each datum be a finite binary string and a model be a finite set of binary strings. Consider model classes consisting of models
Kolmogorov_structure_function
Astrophysical phenomenon
supernova, the ability being restricted to those having high mass and those in rare kinds of binary star systems with at least one white dwarf. A rock carving
Supernova
Basic programming language construct
possible to define as a user-defined function (e.g. sizeof in C) or has syntax different from that of a function (e.g. infix addition as in a+b). Like
Operator (computer programming)
Operator_(computer_programming)
X-ray binaries in Large Magellanic Cloud
LMC X-3 is a high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) system located in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way approximately 165,000
LMC_X-3
Series of nerve agents developed by the Soviet Union
'newcomer, novice, newbie') is a family of nerve agents, some of which are binary chemical weapons. The agents were developed at the GosNIIOKhT state chemical
Novichok
Czech-Australian astrophysicist
limit. The distribution of low-mass stars in the disc of the galaxy. University of Cambridge, 1992 (PhD thesis) Binary systems, star clusters and the
Pavel_Kroupa
Class of young variable stars
dissipate on timescales of up to 10 million years. Most T Tauri stars are in binary star systems. In various stages of their life, they are called young stellar
T_Tauri_star
Class of statistical models
estimates. When the response data, Y, are binary (taking on only values 0 and 1), the distribution function is generally chosen to be the Bernoulli distribution
Generalized_linear_model
Hypothetical elementary particle that mediates gravity
Virgo Collaboration) (1 June 2017). "GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2". Physical Review Letters. 118
Graviton
Well-quasi-ordering of finite trees
application of the theorem gives the existence of a fast-growing TREE function. TREE(3) is one of the largest simply defined finite numbers, dwarfing
Kruskal's_tree_theorem
planet orbiting its sun. Solutions are also used to describe the motion of binary stars around each other, and estimate their gradual loss of energy through
Two-body problem in general relativity
Two-body_problem_in_general_relativity
Arithmetic operation
easier to implement. Function composition is a binary operation that is defined on functions such that the codomain of the function written on the right
Exponentiation
Physical quantity related to surface tension
of organic liquids. Using the proposed equation surface tensions of 55 binary mixtures are predicted within an overall 0.50 AAD% which is better than
Parachor
BINARY MASS-FUNCTION
BINARY MASS-FUNCTION
Female
Turkish
Turkish name PINAR means "spring."
Male
English
 English surname transferred to forename use, derived from medieval Jewish Moss (2), MOSS means "drawn out." Compare with another form of Moss.
Male
Italian
Short form of Italian Tommaso, MASO means "twin."
Male
Hebrew
(מַשָׂ×) Variant spelling of Hebrew Massa, MASA means "burden." Compare with another form of Masa.
Female
Hebrew
Variant spelling of Hebrew Bina, BINAH means "intelligence, wisdom."Â
Boy/Male
Indian, Sikh
Cute Feisty Powerful Strong and Answers with Sass and Class
Male
Hindi/Indian
(विनय) Hindi name VINAY means "leading asunder."
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly South Yorkshire)
English (chiefly South Yorkshire) : topographic name for someone who lived on land enclosed by a bend in a river, from Old English binnan ēa ‘within the river’, or a habitational name from places in Kent called Binney and Binny, which have this origin.Scottish : habitational name from Binney or Binniehill near Falkirk, named in Gaelic as Beinnach, from beinn ‘hill’ + the locative suffix -ach.
Male
Swedish
Norwegian and Swedish form of Greek Mattathias, MATS means "gift of God."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Marsh.French : habitational name from places so named in Ardèche, Ardennes, Gard, Loire, Nièvre, and Meurthe-et-Moselle, from the Latin personal name Marcius, used adjectivally.French : from the personal name Meard, Mard, Mart, vernacular forms of the saint’s name Médard. Morlet notes that there are a number of places called Saint-Mars, formerly recorded in Latin as Sanctus Medardus.French : from the name of the month, mars ‘ March’, denoting seed sown in March, and hence a metonymic name for an arable grower.French (De Mars) : habitational name from Mars in the Ardennes.Dutch : from a short form of the personal name Marsilius.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Pashtun
Gul - Flowers; Mast - Excitement
Female
Japanese
(1-æ£, 2-é›…, 3-昌, 4-真, 5-政, 6-å°†) Unisex short form of Japanese names beginning with Masa-, MASA means 1) "correct, just," 2) "elegant," 3) "flourishing, prosperous" 4) "genuine, true," 5) "governing, political," 6) "military." Compare with strictly masculine Masa.
Male
Hebrew
(מַשָׂ×) Hebrew name MASSA means "burden." In the bible, this is the name of a son of Ishmael.
Male
Hebrew
 Medieval Jewish form of Hebrew Moshe, MOSS means "drawn out." Compare with another form of Moss.
Male
Hindi/Indian
Variant spelling of Hindi Vijay, BIJAY means "victory."
Male
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of Old Norse Einarr, EINAR means "lone warrior."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, French, German, Greek, Latin, Polish, Swedish
Cheerful; Happy; Joyful; Similar to Hilary
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Mace 1.French (Picardy) : metonymic occupational name from masse ‘mace’, ‘hammer’.French : habitational name from places called Masse (Allier and Cô-d’Or), or La Masse (Eure, Lot, Puy-de-Dôme, Saône-et-Loire).French (Massé) : habitational name from a place called Massé in Maine-et-Loire, so named from Gallo-Roman Macciacum (from the personal name Maccius + the locative suffix -acum).Dutch : from Middle Dutch masse ‘clog’; ‘cudgel’, perhaps a metonymic occupational name for someone who wielded a club.Dutch : possibly a variant of Maas 1, or a patronymic from Mas.
Female
English
English short form of Latin Cassandra, CASS means "she who entangles men."Â
Male
Japanese
(1-æ£, 2-é›…, 3-昌, 4-真, 5-政, 6-å°†) Unisex short form of Japanese names beginning with Masa-, MASA means 1) "correct, just," 2) "elegant, splendid" 3) "flourishing, prosperous" 4) "genuine, true," 5) "governing, political," 6) "military." Compare with another form of Masa.
BINARY MASS-FUNCTION
BINARY MASS-FUNCTION
Boy/Male
British, English
From the White Farm
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of several places called Basford, especially the one in Staffordshire. There are others in Nottinghamshire and Cheshire. All are named with a personal name (variously Old English Beorcol and Basa, and Old Norse Barkr) + Old English ford ‘ford’.
Male
Arthurian
, (horse); king Arthur's dog.
Female
English
Feminine form French Denis, DENISE means "follower of Dionysos."
Girl/Female
Tamil
Who takes pleasure in new joys, Grace
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lover, Lovable, Trustable
Girl/Female
Indian
Gift of Allah swt, Pearl
Boy/Male
Tamil
New light
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Gray Meadow
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Commander Prince, Khalifah
BINARY MASS-FUNCTION
BINARY MASS-FUNCTION
BINARY MASS-FUNCTION
BINARY MASS-FUNCTION
BINARY MASS-FUNCTION
n.
Mass; church service.
n.
A medicinal substance made into a cohesive, homogeneous lump, of consistency suitable for making pills; as, blue mass.
a.
Of or pertaining to the urine; as, the urinary bladder; urinary excretions.
v. t.
To collect into a mass or heap; to gather a great quantity of; to accumulate; as, to amass a treasure or a fortune; to amass words or phrases.
v. t.
To furnish with a mast or masts; to put the masts of in position; as, to mast a ship.
n.
A mass; a heap.
v. i.
To perform the canary dance; to move nimbly; to caper.
a.
Of a pale yellowish color; as, Canary stone.
n.
A canary bird.
a.
Of or pertaining to the Canary Islands; as, canary wine; canary birds.
n.
Species of Serranus, the sea bass and rock bass. See Sea bass.
superl.
Compacted into, or consisting of, a mass; having bulk and weight ot substance; ponderous; bulky and heavy; weight; heavy; as, a massy shield; a massy rock.
v. i.
To celebrate Mass.
n.
Wine made in the Canary Islands; sack.
n.
A pale yellow color, like that of a canary bird.
pl.
of Bass
a.
Relating or belonging to bile; conveying bile; as, biliary acids; biliary ducts.
n.
See Finery.
v. t.
To form or collect into a mass; to form into a collective body; to bring together into masses; to assemble.
n.
A state of confusion or disorder; -- prob. variant of mess, but influenced by muss, a scramble.