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Gravitational process studied in astronomy
Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space—sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming
Star_formation
Collapsed core of a massive star
A neutron star is the gravitationally collapsed core of a massive supergiant star. It results from the supernova explosion of a massive star—combined with
Neutron_star
Subfield of cosmology
clustered nature of star formation by treating star clusters as the fundamental unit of star formation. This approach permits the growth of star particles by
Galaxy formation and evolution
Galaxy_formation_and_evolution
Large self-illuminated object in space
regions. Such feedback effects, from star formation, may ultimately disrupt the cloud and prevent further star formation. All stars spend the majority of
Star
System of two stars orbiting each other
formation process. The observation of binaries consisting of stars not yet on the main sequence supports the theory that binaries develop during star
Binary_star
Spherical or ovoid mass of stars
clusters. Star formation activity in elliptical galaxies is typically minimal; they may, however, undergo brief periods of star formation when merging
Elliptical_galaxy
Astronomical theory about the Solar System
not well known. Thus the formation of planetary systems is thought to be a natural result of star formation. A Sun-like star usually takes approximately
Nebular_hypothesis
Compact astronomical body
accelerating star formation. However, if the winds become too strong, the black hole may blow nearly all of the gas out of the galaxy, quenching star formation. Black
Black_hole
Galaxy undergoing an exceptionally high rate of star formation
exceptionally high rate of star formation, as compared to the long-term average rate of star formation in the galaxy, or the star formation rate observed in most
Starburst_galaxy
Barred spiral galaxy in the Local Group
sequence" (galaxies that lack star formation). Star formation activity in green valley galaxies is slowing as they run out of star-forming gas in the interstellar
Andromeda_Galaxy
Galaxy cluster in the constellation Phoenix
extinction-corrected star-formation rate of 798±42 M☉ per year. The central starburst is substantially more active than star formation in the Milky Way or
Phoenix_Cluster
System of stars and interstellar matter
heavy elements, eventually allowing the formation of planets. Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (XDF) Star formation rates in galaxies depend upon their local
Galaxy
US military operation in 1968 off North Korea
Operation Formation Star was the code name for the emergency re-deployment of U.S. Seventh Fleet warships to the Sea of Japan off the eastern coast of
Operation_Formation_Star
Type of interstellar cloud
nursery if star formation is occurring within—is a type of interstellar cloud of which the density and size permit absorption nebulae, the formation of molecules
Molecular_cloud
Group of stars
leading to the disruption of a star cluster. Most young embedded clusters disperse shortly after the end of star formation. The open clusters found in the
Star_cluster
Galaxy containing the Solar System
sequence" (galaxies that lack star formation). Star-formation activity in green valley galaxies is slowing as they run out of star-forming gas in the interstellar
Milky_Way
Spiral galaxy in the constellation Triangulum
"The Star Formation History of the Local Group". In F. Favata; A. Kaas; A. Wilson (eds.). Proceedings of the 33rd ESLAB symposium on star formation from
Triangulum_Galaxy
Study of the universe
cosmological constant. Absolute time and space Big History Earth science Galaxy formation and evolution Illustris project Jainism and non-creationism Lambda-CDM
Cosmology
Galaxy in the constellation Pavo
rates of star formation, with rates increasing along the spiral arms as distance from the core increases. The most active region of star formation, located
NGC_6872
Class of galaxy
these galaxies. This makes irregular galaxies prime areas to study star formation without the effects of density waves. Collectively they are thought
Irregular_galaxy
Class of galaxy that has spiral structures extending from their cores
center into the galactic disk. The spiral arms are sites of ongoing star formation and are brighter than the surrounding disc because of the young, hot
Spiral_galaxy
Galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici
period of enhanced star formation. The present efficiency of star formation, defined as the ratio of mass of new stars to the mass of star-forming gas, is
Whirlpool_Galaxy
Lyman-break galaxy in the constellation Sextans
rapid star formation. This enriched the metallicity of the galaxy to a level not presently accounted for in current models of early galaxy formation. This
MoM-z14
Aspect of physical cosmology
(1–100 trillion) years, but eventually the supply of gas needed for star formation will be exhausted. As existing stars run out of fuel and cease to shine
Future of an expanding universe
Future_of_an_expanding_universe
Indian astrophysicist and astronomer
high-mass star formation, magnetic fields, astrochemistry, and the Galactic Center. She is known for her work that looked to understand star formation by observing
Thushara_Pillai
Isolated, small, and opaque nebula
small dark nebulae containing dense cosmic dust and gas from which star formation may take place. Bok globules are found within H II regions, and typically
Bok_globule
Type of galactic nucleus
gas found in star formation regions. However, if star formation cannot be found in LINERs, then this definitively excludes star formation as powering LINER
Low-ionization nuclear emission-line region
Low-ionization_nuclear_emission-line_region
Rotational center of the Milky Way galaxy
significant population of massive supergiants and Wolf–Rayet stars from star formation in the region around 1 million years ago. The core stars are a small
Galactic_Center
Disk galaxy no longer able to form new stars
ongoing star formation, fed by large gas reservoirs in the galaxy. Dead disk galaxies, however, have gas reservoirs unsuitable for star formation due to
Dead_disk
Empirical function in astronomy
distribution of masses for a population of stars during star formation. IMF not only describes the formation and evolution of individual stars, it also serves
Initial_mass_function
Milky Way superbubble
for the formation of all young, nearby stars. These new stars are typically in molecular clouds like the Taurus molecular cloud and the open star cluster
Local_Bubble
Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices
spots. Messier 100 is considered a starburst galaxy with the strongest star formation activity concentrated in its center, within a ring – actually two tightly
Messier_100
Galaxy in the constellation Virgo
process, which is referred to as ram-pressure stripping, the medium and star formation regions appear severely truncated compared to similar galaxies outside
Messier_90
Region of faster than normal star formation
is undergoing a large amount of star formation. A starburst is an astrophysical process that involves star formation occurring at a rate that is large
Starburst_region
Changes to stars over their lifespans
evolutionary phases of a star from its formation until it becomes a remnant. The mass and chemical composition of the star are used as the inputs, and
Stellar_evolution
Irregular galaxy in the Local Group
color–magnitude diagram for WLM. It showed that around half of all the star formation in this galaxy occurred during a starburst that started ~13 Gyr ago
Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte
Topics referred to by the same term
with a much higher than normal star formation Starburst galaxy, a galaxy with an exceptionally high rate of star formation Starburst (candy), a brand of
Starburst
Stellar classification
O-like spectra. O-type stars are typically found in regions of active star formation, such as the spiral arms of a spiral galaxy or a pair of galaxies undergoing
O-type_star
American astrophysicist
theory focusing on star formation, planet formation, and dynamics. His seminal work on the radiative signature of star formation has provided a foundation
Fred_Adams
Pressure exerted upon any surface exposed to electromagnetic radiation
astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium and giant molecular clouds (GMC) as precursors to the star formation process, and
Radiation_pressure
Hypothetical early-universe star with a black hole core
fusion in their cores, a quasi-star's energy would come from material falling into a black hole at its core. The formation of such an object would have
Quasi-star
Star-forming region in Cassiopeia
in the direction of the constellation Cassiopeia, in which intense star formation takes place. Its physical location within the Milky Way falls in the
Heart_and_Soul_Nebula
Large, low-density interstellar cloud of partially ionized gas
is typically in a molecular cloud of partially ionized gas in which star formation has recently taken place, with a size ranging from one to hundreds of
H_II_region
Swedish satellite with radiometer, launched in 2001
astrophysics, Odin was used until the spring of 2007 aiding in the study of star formation. Odin is still used for aeronomical observations, including exploration
Odin_(satellite)
Grouping of stars by similar metallicity
were later shown to be very important and were possibly related to star formation, observed kinematics, stellar age, and even galaxy evolution in both
Stellar_population
The formation of the Solar System began about 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. Most of
Formation and evolution of the Solar System
Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System
Dwarf spheroidal Galaxy in the constellation Leo
major increase (accounting for 70% to 80% of its population) in its star formation rate between 6 Ga and 2 Ga (billion years ago). There is no significant
Leo_I_(dwarf_galaxy)
Galaxies with interacting gravitational fields
lead to galaxy mergers and may also lead to other phenomena such as star formation and black hole activity. A giant galaxy interacting with its satellites
Interacting_galaxy
Type of star cluster
have been found only in spiral and irregular galaxies, in which active star formation is occurring. Young open clusters may be contained within the molecular
Open_cluster
Estimate of extraterrestrial civilizations
which are on the current past light cone); and R∗ = the average rate of star formation in our galaxy. fp = the fraction of those stars that have planets. ne
Drake_equation
Merger whereby at least two galaxies collide
galaxies. Mergers are also locations of extreme amounts of star formation. The star formation rate (SFR) during a major merger can reach thousands of solar
Galaxy_merger
González Delgado, R. M. (2008). "Optical spectroscopy of Arp220: the star formation history of the closest ULIRG". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
List_of_galaxies
Molecular cloud
north core. The sites Sgr B2(M) and Sgr B2(N) are sites of prolific star formation. The first 10 H II regions discovered were designated A through J. H II
Sagittarius_B2
Electromagnetic effect in physics
Although it is well known that magnetic fields play an important role in star formation, research models indicate that Hall diffusion critically influences
Hall_effect
Largest type of black hole
black holes may trigger star formation in their wakes. A linear feature near the dwarf galaxy RCP 28 was interpreted as the star-forming wake of a candidate
Supermassive_black_hole
Topics referred to by the same term
for the films "Star Born", a 1957 novel by Andre Norton Gravitational collapse, the astronomical phenomenon for star formation "A Star Is Burns", a 1995
A_Star_Is_Born
Dwarf galaxy in the constellation Triangulum
current star formation rate of the UGC 1281 galaxy is 0.006 solar masses per year, for comparison, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) has a star formation rate
UGC_1281
Wolf–Rayet star in the constellation Dorado
interstellar hydrogen, known as an H II region, which was a center of intense star formation in the immediate vicinity of the observed stars. In 1979, ESO's 3.6 m
R136a1
American skydiver (born 1943)
including the first world record ten-man star formation, in 1967, and a then world record 282-person formation in 1999. A member of multiple U.S. national
Jerry_Bird_(skydiver)
Unusually small galaxies with large red stars
unusually small galaxies packed with large amounts of red stars where star formation has been quenched. Although typically studied in the distant, high-redshift
Red_nugget
Galaxy that orbits a larger galaxy due to gravitational attraction
other things, the formation and evolution of galaxies, the environmental effects that enhance and diminish the rate of star formation within galaxies and
Satellite_galaxy
Regions in the Milky Way galaxy and Local Group where new stars are forming
This is a list of star-forming regions in the Milky Way Galaxy and the Local Group. Star formation occurs in molecular clouds, which become unstable to
List of star-forming regions in the Local Group
List_of_star-forming_regions_in_the_Local_Group
Multiple exposure image of deep space in the constellation Ursa Major
star formation over the lifetime of the Universe. While estimates of the redshifts of HDF galaxies are somewhat crude, astronomers believe that star formation
Hubble_Deep_Field
Galaxy
galaxy is only a faint IRAS source, which may indicate a lower level of star formation than other rings, however it has a high Hα luminosity, similar to other
II_Zwicky_28
Astrophysical phenomenon
trigger star formation by compressing nearby, dense molecular clouds in space. The increase in turbulent pressure can also prevent star formation if the
Supernova
Diffuse nebula in the constellation Orion
light-years (388.5 ± 1.7 pc) away and is the closest region of massive star formation to Earth. M42 is estimated to be 25 light-years across (so its apparent
Orion_Nebula
Emission nebula in the constellation of Vela
massive-star formation closest to the Solar System, located at a distance of approximately 954 parsecs (3112 light-years). The most massive stars in the star
RCW_36
Body of interstellar clouds
dust. Nebulae are often star-forming regions, such as the Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula. In these regions, the formations of gas, dust, and other
Nebula
Intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo
of authors. The galaxy is low in dust and gas, and there is little star formation in it, although there has been some relatively recently in the arms
Messier_65
Galaxy in the constellation Sagittarius
increase in star formation. Composite image from data by 2.2-meter MPG/ESO and ALMA with star-forming regions identified. The Hubble-X Star-forming region
NGC_6822
Class of young variable stars
old. This class is named after the prototype, T Tauri, a young star in the Taurus star-forming region. They are found near molecular clouds and identified
T_Tauri_star
Molecular cloud complex in the constellation Monoceros
complex, a second cycle of star formation is occurring, as evidenced by the presence of a rich open cluster in formation, primarily composed of low-
Monoceros_R2
Nebula formed of ionized gases that emit light of various wavelengths
emitted from a nearby hot star. Among the several different types of emission nebulae are H II regions, in which star formation is taking place and young
Emission_nebula
Galaxy with an annular appearance
gravitational disruptions caused by such an event could cause a wave of star formation to move through the larger galaxy. Other astronomers think that rings
Ring_galaxy
Binary star system
confirmed binary star system observed in such close proximity to a supermassive black hole, challenging existing models of star formation and stability in
D9_(star)
1086/186805. Barker, S.; de Grijs, R.; Cerviño, M. (2008). "Star cluster versus field star formation in the nucleus of the prototype starburst galaxy M 82"
List of most massive black holes
List_of_most_massive_black_holes
Star cluster in the center of a galaxy
galaxy, triggers new star formation by incident gas near the galactic center. Nuclear star clusters are created by merging star clusters with subsequent
Nuclear_star_cluster
Open cluster in the constellation Serpens
region, which is catalogued as IC 4703. This region of active current star formation is about 5700 light-years distant. A spire of gas that can be seen coming
Eagle_Nebula
Emission nebula in the constellation Cassiopeia
the region's most massive stars. According to the theory of triggered star formation, the carving out of these cavities pushes gas together, causing it to
Westerhout_5
Giant molecular cloud near the Milky Way's center
Sagittarius B2, and D, and is notable for its dense gas, dust, and ongoing star formation under extreme environmental conditions. Situated approximately 200 light-years
Sagittarius_C
Early stage in the process of star formation
find that the largest pre-main-sequence stars are also of modest size. Star formation begins in relatively small molecular clouds called dense cores. Each
Protostar
Astrophysical models for the formation of galaxies and clusters of galaxies
baryonic physics, gas heating and cooling, star formation and feedback. Understanding the processes of galaxy formation is a major topic of modern cosmology
Structure_formation
Nearest OB association to Earth
marginal, star formation episodes. As the most prominent component of a vast complex of recent (<20 million years old) and ongoing star formation, the Sco–Cen
Scorpius–Centaurus association
Scorpius–Centaurus_association
Spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major
associated with star formation regions. The general explanation is that the hot, short-lived blue stars that are found within star formation regions are very
Messier_81
Spherical collection of stars
differing compositions. Some clusters may have had multiple episodes of star formation, and some may be remnants of smaller galaxies captured by larger galaxies
Globular_cluster
History and future of the universe
their formation and evolution. Fortunately, observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation can be used to date when star formation began in
Chronology_of_the_universe
British astrophysicist
focusing on if and how these black holes can quench the process of star formation in their surrounding galaxies. Her research involves using statistical
Becky_Smethurst
Tightly packed group of stars within a larger formation
(or simply bulge) is a tightly packed group of stars within a larger star formation. The term almost exclusively refers to the group of stars found near
Galactic_bulge
Region in the constellation Cepheus
jets have been observed in the clouds of this region, indicating that star formation phenomena are still active in the region. The region of the sky where
Cepheus_OB2_Region
Galaxy in the constellation Cassiopeia
dwarf elliptical galaxies, NGC 185 contains young stellar clusters, and star formation proceeded at a low rate until the recent past. NGC 185 has an active
NGC_185
Contraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its gravity
collapse to form pockets of higher density, such as stars or black holes. Star formation involves a gradual gravitational collapse of interstellar medium into
Gravitational_collapse
NASA/ESA/CSA space telescope launched in 2021
universe after the Big Bang to study galaxy formation and evolution to understand star formation and planet formation to study planetary systems and the origins
James_Webb_Space_Telescope
Dwarf spheroidal Galaxy in the constellation Leo
branch stars and red clump stars were also discovered. After a pause star formation activity resumed about 1 billion years ago resulting in a generation
Leo_T
Chemical compound
cores are the sites of future star formation. Ultra-compact HII regions are among the best tracers of high-mass star formation. The dense material surrounding
Ammonia
Dwarf elliptical galaxy in the constellation Andromeda
no dust or gas and consequently no current star formation. It does, however, show hints of star formation in the relatively recent past. The structure
Messier_32
Minor spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy; contains the Solar System
expectation that star formation lags behind gas compression in a spiral density wave that lasts longer than the typical star formation timescale of 107
Orion_Arm
OB association in the constellation Scorpius
Arm in the direction of the constellation Scorpius, where significant star formation phenomena have generated dozens of high-mass stars grouped into an extensive
Scorpius_OB1
"Pure Spectroscopic Constraints on UV Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Star Formation History from 25 Galaxies at zspec = 8.61–13.20 Confirmed with JWST/NIRSpec"
List of the most distant astronomical objects
List_of_the_most_distant_astronomical_objects
Galaxy in the constellation Hydra
years resulting in starburst activity in their central regions. The star formation rate in M83 is higher along the leading edge of the spiral arms, as
Messier_83
Lyman-Break galaxy that is one of the oldest known galaxies
to a growing body of evidence that current theories of early star and galaxy formation are incomplete. A larger study using JWST NIRCam "Earliest Galaxies
JADES-GS-z14-0
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