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System consisting of two black holes in close orbit around each other
binary black hole (BBH), or black hole binary, is an astronomical object consisting of two black holes in close orbit around each other. Like black holes
Binary_black_hole
List of some black holes
black hole ever found, estimated at 66 billion solar masses) 3C 371 4C +37.11 (this radio galaxy is believed to have binary supermassive black holes)
List_of_black_holes
Black hole formed by a collapsed star
A stellar black hole (or stellar-mass black hole) is a black hole formed by the gravitational collapse of a star. They have masses ranging from about
Stellar_black_hole
Compact astronomical body
accepted black hole was Cygnus X-1, an x-ray source proposed as a black hole binary through several studies between 1971 and 1974. Black holes typically
Black_hole
Method used to study black holes
black hole. Binary black hole mergers are divided into 4 main stages: inspiral, plunge, merger, and ringdown. During the inspiral phase, the 2 black holes
Black hole ringdown spectroscopy
Black_hole_ringdown_spectroscopy
list of known black holes that are close to the Solar System. It is thought that most black holes are solitary, but black holes in binary or larger systems
List of nearest known black holes
List_of_nearest_known_black_holes
2015 detection made by LIGO interferometers
also the first observation of a binary black hole merger, demonstrating both the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems and the fact that such
First observation of gravitational waves
First_observation_of_gravitational_waves
Largest type of black hole
A supermassive black hole (SMBH or sometimes SBH) is the largest type of black hole, with its mass being on the order of hundreds of thousands, or millions
Supermassive_black_hole
Galaxy in the constellation Sculptor
Benjamin F. (2021-03-01). "The Wolf–Rayet + Black Hole Binary NGC 300 X-1: What is the Mass of the Black Hole?". The Astrophysical Journal. 910 (1): 74
NGC_300
massive black holes so far discovered (and probable candidates), measured in units of solar masses (M☉), about 2×1030 kilograms. A supermassive black hole (SMBH)
List of most massive black holes
List_of_most_massive_black_holes
Binary black hole-star systems in the constellation Triangulum
is a black hole binary system in the Triangulum Galaxy. The system is made up of a stellar-mass black hole and a companion star. The black hole in M33
M33_X-7
Argentine astrophysicist
for his contributions to numerical relativity and the simulation of binary black hole mergers, work that played a role in the interpretation of the first
Carlos_Lousto
Gravitational-wave event detected in 2023
LIGO detectors on 23 November 2023. As of 2025, it is the largest binary black hole merger yet detected, at 225+26 −43 solar masses (M☉) for the final
GW231123
International physics organization
The Binary Black Hole Grand Challenge Alliance (BBH Challenge Alliance) was a scientific collaboration of international physics institutes and research
Binary Black Hole Grand Challenge Alliance
Binary_Black_Hole_Grand_Challenge_Alliance
Binary system in Aquila
4318465066420528000) is a binary system consisting of a metal-poor giant star with spectral type G and a stellar-mass black hole. Gaia BH3 is located 1926
Gaia_BH3
Binary system containing the closest known black hole to Earth
(Gaia DR3 4373465352415301632) is a binary system consisting of a G-type main-sequence star and a stellar-mass black hole, located about 1,560 light-years
Gaia_BH1
Black holes have primarily been subjects of research since the advent of general relativity in the early 1900s, although similar concepts were discussed
History_of_black_hole_physics
Seyfert galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major
com/2015/08/31/us/double-black-hole-nasa-hubble-feat/ http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/science-supermassive-binary-black-hole-markarian231-03180.html
Markarian_231
Exact solution for the Einstein field equations
geometry of empty spacetime around a rotating uncharged axially symmetric black hole with a quasispherical event horizon. The Kerr metric is an exact solution
Kerr_metric
Class of black holes with a mass range of 100 to 100000 solar masses
black hole (IMBH) is a class of black hole with mass in the range of 100 to 100,000 (102–105) solar masses: significantly higher than stellar black holes
Intermediate-mass_black_hole
System of two stars orbiting each other
binaries are Sirius and Cygnus X-1 (Cygnus X-1 being a well-known black hole). Binary stars are also common as the nuclei of many planetary nebulae, and
Binary_star
BL Lac object in the constellation Cancer
suggests that it is a binary supermassive black hole. The double-burst variability is thought to result from the smaller black hole punching through the
OJ_287
Branch of astronomy using gravitational waves
produced by cataclysmic events such as the merger of binary black holes, the coalescence of binary neutron stars, supernova explosions and processes including
Gravitational-wave_astronomy
Aspect of relativity in physics
that can be studied this way include binary star systems composed of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes; events such as supernovae; and the formation
Gravitational_wave
Physical effect when superradiant modes are confined around a rotating black hole
A black hole bomb is the name given to a physical effect utilizing how a bosonic field impinging on a rotating black hole can be amplified through superradiant
Black_hole_bomb
Gravitational-wave observation
J.; et al. (2020). "Candidate Electromagnetic Counterpart to the Binary Black Hole Merger Gravitational-Wave Event S190521g" (PDF). Physical Review Letters
GW190521
Planned X-ray space telescope
Orbiting Binary Black Hole Investigation Satellite (ORBIS) is a small space telescope still in development by Japan that will study binary black holes in the
Orbiting Binary Black Hole Investigation Satellite
Orbiting_Binary_Black_Hole_Investigation_Satellite
Scientific study of celestial objects
detection on 14 September 2015, observing gravitational waves from a binary black hole. A second gravitational wave was detected on 26 December 2015 and
Astronomy
Gravitational wave observatory site
black holes and subsequent ringdown of the resulting single black hole. The observations demonstrated the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole
LIGO
observations as the first binary with a stellar black hole candidate 1972 — Stephen Hawking proves that the area of a classical black hole's event horizon cannot
Timeline of black hole physics
Timeline_of_black_hole_physics
a pair of black holes merging, which was also the first detection of a stellar binary black hole. Numerical solution for binary black hole (1960s–2005):
List of unsolved problems in physics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics
Type Ic supernova in galaxy LEDA 987574
explosion of a massive Wolf–Rayet star in a binary system and is a potential candidate for a binary black hole system. Observations suggest it provides evidence
SN_2022esa
Framework of distances and directions
Collaboration) (2016). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger". Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (6) 061102. arXiv:1602.03837. Bibcode:2016PhRvL
Space
Supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way
abbreviated as Sgr A* (/ˈsædʒ ˈeɪ stɑːr/ SADGE-AY-star), is the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center of the Milky Way. Viewed from Earth, it is located
Sagittarius_A*
Sub-area of scientific computing for solving General Relativity equations
problem. In the late 1990s, the Binary Black Hole Grand Challenge Alliance successfully simulated a head-on binary black hole collision. As a post-processing
Numerical_relativity
European space mission to measure gravitational waves
supermassive black holes at the centre of galaxies, massive black holes orbited by small compact objects, known as extreme mass ratio inspirals, binaries of compact
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna
circular published in the public alerts tracker. The first O3/2019 binary black hole detection alert was broadcast on 8 April 2019. A significant percentage
List of gravitational wave observations
List_of_gravitational_wave_observations
Italian-American physicist
Scientific Collaboration, which observed gravitational waves from a binary black-hole merger in 2015. Buonanno earned her MSc in 1993, and she completed
Alessandra_Buonanno
Hypothetical black hole formed soon after the Big Bang
In cosmology, primordial black holes (PBHs) are hypothetical black holes that formed soon after the Big Bang. In the inflationary era and early radiation-dominated
Primordial_black_hole
Hypothetical mechanism for extracting energy from rotating black holes
Black hole bomb – Physical effect when superradiant modes are confined around a rotating black hole Hills mechanism – Black hole effect on a binary star
Penrose_process
X-ray binary in Cygnus containing a stellar black hole
high-mass X-ray binary system located about 7,000 light-years away, that includes a blue supergiant variable star. The supergiant and black hole are separated
Cygnus_X-1
Gravitational-wave event
Deviations from it are possible, but only under extreme conditions. A binary black hole collision and merger is one such situation. From just before the collision
GW250114
Black hole system in the constellation Cetus
3C 75 (also called 3C75) is a binary black hole system in the dumbbell-shaped galaxy NGC 1128 in the galaxy cluster Abell 400. It has four relativistic
3C_75
Hypothetical elementary particle that mediates gravity
Collaboration) (1 June 2017). "GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2". Physical Review Letters. 118 (22) 221101
Graviton
Galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici
million solar masses. It was speculated that the nucleus may host a binary black hole, with about 40 million and about 10 million solar masses respectively
NGC_4151
Two pulsars orbiting each other
Collaboration) (2016). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger". Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (6) 061102. arXiv:1602.03837. Bibcode:2016PhRvL
Binary_pulsar
Gravitational-wave signal detected in 2017
approximately 100 seconds (much longer than the few seconds measured for binary black hole mergers) starting from a frequency of 24 hertz. It covered approximately
GW170817
Radio galaxy and elliptical galaxy in the constellation Perseus
elliptical galaxy featuring binary supermassive black holes with the least separation of any directly observed binaries, as of 2006. The separation between
4C_+37.11
Blazar in the constellation Libra
of PKS 1510−089 suggesting a binary black hole system with non-asymmetric instability revolving around a central black hole near the innermost orbit. The
PKS_1510−089
universe. What are the astrophysical formation channels behind the binary black hole mergers observed through gravitational waves? Naked singularity: Is
List of unsolved problems in astronomy
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
Collaboration) (2016). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger". Physical Review Letters. 116 (6) 061102. arXiv:1602.03837
General_relativity
Gravitational-wave event
with the orbit is less than 5%. This configuration suggests that the binary black hole system was formed dynamically in a dense star cluster such as a globular
GW170104
Region outside of a rotating black hole's event horizon
astrophysics, the ergosphere is a region located just outside a rotating black hole, between its event horizon and a further external surface predicted by
Ergosphere
Random background of gravitational waves permeating the Universe
independent unresolved gravitational-wave sources, such as supermassive black-hole binaries. Detecting the gravitational wave background can provide information
Gravitational_wave_background
Town in Louisiana, United States
B.P.; et al. (2016). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger". Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (6) 061102. arXiv:1602.03837. Bibcode:2016PhRvL
Livingston,_Louisiana
Gravitational wave of a "mass gap" collision
GW190814 binary black hole merger (animation) on Vimeo (24 June 2020; LIGO Scientific Collaboration) Video (1:32): GW190814 binary black hole merger (animation)
GW190814
First black hole event observed jointly by LIGO and Virgo observatories, 2017-08-14
confirmed event after GW150914, GW151226 and GW170104. It was the first binary black hole merger detected by LIGO and Virgo together. The signal was detected
GW170814
X-ray binary star in the constellation Ara
XTE J1650−500 is a binary system containing a stellar-mass black hole candidate and 2000–2001 transient binary X-ray source located in the constellation
XTE_J1650−500
Filters used in signal processing that are optimal in some sense
Collaboration) (2016). "GW150914: First results from the search for binary black hole coalescence with Advanced LIGO". Physical Review D. 93 (12) 122003
Matched_filter
Swiss astrophysicist
Orbiting Black-Hole Binaries without Excision, which introduced a breakthrough computational method for stable long-term simulations of binary black-hole systems
Manuela Campanelli (scientist)
Manuela_Campanelli_(scientist)
angular momentum gradually, as illustrated by the binary pulsar PSR B1913+16. For binary black holes, the numerical solution of the two-body problem was
Two-body problem in general relativity
Two-body_problem_in_general_relativity
Indian astrophysicist
LIGO team made the first observation of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger in 2015. He was one of the approximately 1200 authors of a
Karan_Jani
2005 studio album by Altamont
alliance betwixt headbanging and finesse." LA Weekly called the album "a binary black hole swallowing up pop and hard rock and spitting them out into other dimensions
The_Monkee's_Uncle
Collapsed core of a massive star
theories of binary evolution, it is expected that neutron stars also exist in binary systems with black hole companions. The merger of binaries containing
Neutron_star
Gravitational wave generating event
"loudness" of gravitational waves (analogous to sound waves). The binary black hole merger GW170814 in 2017 was used as a standard siren to measure the
Dark_siren
Binary system in the constellation Aquila
Aquilae is an X-ray binary star system containing a main sequence star and a black hole. Transfer of material from the star to the black hole generates a relativistic
GRS_1915+105
Power level referenced to one milliwatt
252. ISBN 9783030486303. "Observation of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger" (PDF). LSC (Ligo Scientific Collaboration). Caltech. 2015
DBm
Class of binary stars
Microquasars (radio-jet X-ray binaries that can house either a neutron star or a black hole) A low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) is a binary star system where one
X-ray_binary
Binary system in Centaurus
BH2 (Gaia DR3 5870569352746779008) is a binary system consisting of a red giant and a stellar-mass black hole. Gaia BH2 is located about 3,800 light years
Gaia_BH2
with the thermal spectrum (only for black hole binaries) and the reflection spectrum (for both black hole binaries and active galactic nuclei). The former
Tests_of_general_relativity
Binary black hole collision event
In gravitational wave astronomy, a golden binary is a binary black hole collision event whose inspiral and ringdown phases have been measured accurately
Golden_binary
Galaxy in the constellation Hercules
Blazars are likely to originate from matter falling into a black hole and possibly a binary black hole. The velocity dispersion (which is the maximum difference
Markarian_501
Low-mass hypervelocity star
J1249+362 in a type Ia supernova on YouTube Artist's simulation of the ejection of CWISE J1249+362 during a close encounter with a binary black hole on vimeo
CWISE_J1249+3621
X-ray binary in the Large Magellanic Cloud
accretion disk. LMC X-3 is one of the most studied extragalactic black hole binaries due to its brightness and variability. LMC X-3 was first identified
LMC_X-3
American physicist
interaction of black holes as potential sources for observable gravitational radiation. His work leading what became known as the Binary Black Hole Grand Challenge
Richard_Matzner
Multiple system in the constellation Cygnus
and the black hole orbit each other every 6.47129 days at fairly close range, while the outer tertiary takes 70000 years to orbit the inner binary system
V404_Cygni
Region in spacetime from which nothing can escape
used general relativity to introduce a stricter definition of a local black hole event horizon as a boundary beyond which events of any kind cannot affect
Event_horizon
Galaxy with an active nucleus
explanation for the purported behavior is that it could be a supermassive black hole binary. Initial trajectory models suggested the pair could be merging either
SDSS_J1430+2303
Gravitational wave researcher
et al. (11 February 2016). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger". Physical Review Letters. 116 (6) 061102. arXiv:1602.03837
Lisa_Barsotti
Radius of the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole
the same surface area as that of the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole of a given mass. It is a characteristic quantity that may be associated
Schwarzschild_radius
Italian astrophysicist
from compact binary coalescence. Siyuan Chen (PhD 2018), who worked on constraining astrophysical models of supermassive black hole binary populations
Alberto_Vecchio
Solution to the Einstein field equations
Schwarzschild black hole or static black hole is a black hole that has neither electric charge nor angular momentum (non-rotating). A Schwarzschild black hole is
Schwarzschild_metric
European undersea neutrino detector
energy ranges have been set. Stacking analyses of binary black hole mergers and neutron star-black hole mergers have also been performed to constrain the
KM3NeT
era of science fiction, before the term black hole was coined. A common portrayal at the time was of black holes as hazards to spacefarers, a motif that
Black_holes_in_fiction
Sudden change of spin axis caused by merging with another black hole
spin-flip is a late stage in the evolution of a binary black hole. The binary consists of two black holes, with masses M 1 {\displaystyle M_{1}} and M 2
Spin-flip
Contact binary star system in the constellation Dorado
forming a close binary black hole system, hence a potential gravitational wave source through black hole–black hole merger. Contact binary (small Solar System
VFTS_352
Italian-Canadian astrophysicist
timing arrays, which can characterise the cosmic merger history of binary black hole systems. The systems emit nanohertz gravitational waves. After completing
Chiara_Mingarelli
Gravitational-wave detector in Italy
period. The main sources in this category are compact binary coalescences (CBC) from binary black holes (or neutron stars) merging, emitting a rapidly-growing
Virgo_interferometer
American physicist and Nobel Laureate (born 1936)
ISBN 978-0-226-29479-7. Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger, PhysRevLett.116.061102. "New results on the Search for Gravitational
Barry_Barish
American theoretical astrophysicist
Moreover, the Detweiler redshift features centrally in the first law of black hole binary mechanics. This relationship has proven key in incorporating gravitational
Steven_Detweiler
X-ray binary in Galaxy NGC 300
Benjamin F. (2021-03-01). "The Wolf–Rayet + Black Hole Binary NGC 300 X-1: What is the Mass of the Black Hole?". The Astrophysical Journal. 910 (1): 74
NGC_300_X-1
Indian astrophysicist
Chakrabarti, Sandip K. (March 1996). "Gravitational wave emission from a binary black hole system in the presence of an accretion disk". Physical Review D. 53
Sandip_Chakrabarti
Measure of variation in statistics
Collaboration (2016), "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger", Physical Review Letters, 116 (6) 061102, arXiv:1602.03837
Standard_deviation
Gravitational-wave signal
Collision of Black Holes With a Strange Mass Discrepancy". ScienceAlert. Berry, Christopher (18 April 2020). "GW190412—A new flavour of binary black hole". Christopher
GW190412
Conjecture in physics
angular momentum, it can only be captured by the black hole if the maximum potential of the black hole is less than ( e 2 − 1 ) / 2 {\displaystyle (e^{2}-1)/2}
Cosmic_censorship_hypothesis
Energy carried by electromagnetic or gravitational radiation
P. (11 February 2016). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger". Physical Review Letters. 116 (6) 061102. arXiv:1602.03837
Radiant_energy
BL Lac object in the constellation Aries
mass is 7.9 × 107 M☉. Alternatively, it might also contain a close binary black hole system with estimated similar masses of order of 1010 M☉ with velocities
AO_0235+164
Hypothetical vacuum, less stable than true vacuum
Sakharov, Alexander S. (2023). "Higgs Field-Induced Triboluminescence in Binary Black Hole Mergers". Universe. 9 (7): 301. arXiv:2111.07178. Bibcode:2023Univ
False_vacuum
French physicist (b. 1951)
binary systems, and with Alessandra Buonanno, he invented the "effective one-body" approach to representing the orbital trajectories of binary black holes
Thibault_Damour
X-ray binary in the Whirlpool Galaxy
RX J132943+47115, is a high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) system in the constellation of Canes Venatici. The binary system is located in the Whirlpool Galaxy
M51-ULS-1
BINARY BLACK-HOLE
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BINARY BLACK-HOLE
BINARY BLACK-HOLE
BINARY BLACK-HOLE
BINARY BLACK-HOLE
BINARY BLACK-HOLE
BINARY BLACK-HOLE