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strain in a confined compression configuration. The aggregate modulus can be calculated from Young's modulus (E) and the Poisson ratio (v). H a = E ( 1 − v
Aggregate_modulus
fineness modulus F 1 {\displaystyle F_{1}} is fineness modulus of fine aggregate F 2 {\displaystyle F_{2}} is fineness modulus of coarse aggregate Y {\displaystyle
Fineness_modulus
Resilient and smooth elastic tissue present in animals
measure the aggregate modulus of cartilage, which is typically in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 MPa for articular cartilage, and the Young's Modulus, which is
Cartilage
Composite construction material
Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bound together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid. It is the second-most-used substance
Concrete
Composite material used for paving
weight of the aggregates, as well as a high proportion of mineral powder (between 8–10%) to create an asphalt concrete layer with a high modulus of elasticity
Asphalt_concrete
Nanocrystalline form of diamond
known material, with an isothermal bulk modulus of 491 gigapascals (GPa), while a conventional diamond has a modulus of 442–446 GPa; these results were inferred
Aggregated_diamond_nanorod
Material made from a combination of two or more unlike substances
be described with the following material properties: Young's Modulus, the shear modulus, and the Poisson's ratio, in relatively simple mathematical relationships
Composite_material
Topics referred to by the same term
measure of the purity of precious metals Fineness modulus, a measurement of the coarseness of an aggregate Fineness ratio, in aerospace engineering, the length
Fineness_(disambiguation)
Index of articles on biophysics
Activating function Active transport Adolf Eugen Fick Afterdepolarization Aggregate modulus Aharon Katzir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin Alexander Rich Alexander van Oudenaarden
Index_of_biophysics_articles
Particles added to improve its properties
elastic modulus (Young's modulus) of a filled polymer can be found using the equation below: E = E0 (1 + 2.5Φ + 14.1Φ2) where: E0 = Modulus of unfilled
Filler_(materials)
State of matter
law). The coefficient of the proportion is called the modulus of elasticity or Young's modulus. This region of deformation is known as the linearly elastic
Solid
Material with Vickers hardness exceeding 40 gigapascals
resistance to change in shape. A superhard material has high shear modulus, high bulk modulus, and does not deform plastically. Ideally superhard materials
Superhard_material
Type of concrete that uses polymers to replace lime-type cements as a binder
low elastic modulus making it far more flexible than traditional cement concrete that contain mineral binders exhibiting high elastic modulus. The rapid
Polymer_concrete
silica fume as a fine aggregate. The modulus of elasticity of concrete is a function of the modulus of elasticity of the aggregates and the cement matrix
Properties_of_concrete
Protein fiber made by spiders
having a lower Young's modulus. According to Spider Silkome Database, Ariadna lateralis silk has the highest Young's modulus with 37 GPa, compared to
Spider_silk
Hard, dense and stiff chemical compound
around 2600. It has a Young's modulus of approximately 530–700 GPa, a bulk modulus of 379–381 GPa, and a shear modulus of 274 GPa. It has an ultimate
Tungsten_carbide
Type of fibre-reinforced concrete
strength (MPa) 50–80 40–60 Impact strength (kJ/m2) 10–25 10–15 Elastic modulus (GPa) 10–20 10–10 Strain to failure (%) 0.6–1.2 0.1–0.2 Dry density (t/m3)
Glass fiber reinforced concrete
Glass_fiber_reinforced_concrete
Transportation association
the Resilient Modulus of Bituminous Mixtures by Indirect Tension AASHTO TP62: Standard Method of Test for Determining Dynamic Modulus of Hot-Mix Asphalt
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
American_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officials
Hypothetical aggregate building material, similar to concrete, formed from lunar regolith
the University of Pittsburgh in 1985, is a hypothetical construction aggregate, similar to concrete, formed from lunar regolith, that would reduce the
Lunarcrete
area expansion modulus Ka, a bending modulus Kb and an edge energy Λ {\displaystyle \Lambda } . For fluid bilayers the shear modulus is by definition
Lipid_bilayer_mechanics
Polynomial whose coefficients are all 1 or −1
L^{2}} norm is exactly that value. A central question asked whether the modulus could remain between two fixed positive multiples of n + 1 {\displaystyle
Littlewood_polynomial
Cellular confinement system
materials by 3D confinement, thereby increasing the modulus of the stabilized layer; this is the Modulus Improvement Factor (MIF). The stiffer the geocell
Neoloy_Geocell
Chemical reaction damaging concrete
in many common aggregates, given sufficient moisture. This deleterious chemical reaction causes the expansion of the altered aggregate by the formation
Alkali–silica_reaction
Substance composed of macromolecules with repeating structural units
with polymer chain length and crosslinking of polymer chains. Young's modulus quantifies the elasticity of the polymer. It is defined, for small strains
Polymer
Confinement system used in construction and geotechnical engineering
geocell-reinforced bases depends on the elastic modulus of the geocell. Geocells with a higher elastic modulus had a higher bearing capacity and stiffness
Cellular_confinement
Biocomposite material used for construction and insulation
properties. Young's modulus continually has a high COV across multiple experiments. The Young's modulus of hempcrete is 22.5 MPA. Young's modulus and compressive
Hempcrete
Chemical compound
ASA waste can be combined with sand for pavement structures. The dynamic modulus results showed that the ASA mixtures have improved high-temperature deformation
Acrylonitrile styrene acrylate
Acrylonitrile_styrene_acrylate
Measure of the strength of a road subgrade
strength of the material and are not a true representation of the resilient modulus.[citation needed] The CBR is the ratio of the bearing load that penetrates
California_bearing_ratio
Insect protein
amount of force. Hydrated resilin has a tensile modulus of 640–2000 kPa, an unconfined compressive modulus of 600–700 kPa, and a strain to break of 300%
Resilin
Building material consisting of aggregates cemented by a binder
applications of high-strength concrete the design criterion is the elastic modulus rather than the ultimate compressive strength. Stamped concrete is an architectural
Types_of_concrete
Study of flow properties of blood and its elements of plasma and cells
equations to common viscoelastic terms we get the storage modulus, G', and the loss modulus, G". G = G ′ + i G ″ {\displaystyle G=G'+iG''} A viscoelastic
Hemorheology
Identifier of mains electricity supply point
MPAN is the check digit, and validates the previous 12 (the core) using a modulus 11 test. The check digit is calculated thus: Multiply the first digit by
Meter Point Administration Number
Meter_Point_Administration_Number
Most abundant structural protein in animals
Young's modulus of collagen at the molecular level. Only above a certain strain rate is there a strong relationship between elastic modulus and strain
Collagen
repeated load triaxial (RLT) testing are commonly used to determine resilient modulus and permanent deformation characteristics of soils and unbound materials
Pavement_engineering
Concrete quality test
Transducer and Concrete Cracks and Voids in Concrete Density and Modulus of Elasticity of Aggregate This test is recommended in some of testing done by the Indian
Ultrasonic pulse velocity test
Ultrasonic_pulse_velocity_test
Physical process
at the jamming transition, the applied pressure is zero and the shear modulus is also zero, which coincides with the loss of rigidity and the unjamming
Jamming_(physics)
Number of nonzero symbols in a string
the residue of a binomial-theorem coefficient with respect to a prime modulus". The Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics. 30: 150–156. (NB
Hamming_weight
Statistical mechanics hypothesis that all microstates are equiprobable for a given energy
or a few hours) the systems may behave as solids—with a positive shear modulus—but on extremely long scales, e.g. over millennia or eons, as liquids,
Ergodic_hypothesis
Species of sponge
propagation. An aluminium tube (aluminium and glass have similar elastic modulus) of equal length, effective thickness, and radius, but homogeneously distributed
Venus'_flower_basket
Hexagonal lattice allotrope of carbon
the {100} plane). Using ultrasound the Young's modulus was measured at 1229±15 GPa, and the shear modulus at 516±18 GPa, slightly higher than that of single-crystal
Lonsdaleite
Chemical element with atomic number 13 (Al)
(2005). "Added value of using new industrial waste streams as secondary aggregates in both concrete and asphalt" (PDF). Waste & Resources Action Programme
Aluminium
Processes which convert waste plastic into new items
PolymerProcessing.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. "Modulus of Elasticity or Young's Modulus – and Tensile Modulus for common Materials". EngineeringToolbox.com
Plastic_recycling
Study of properties of soil earthworks
Studies have shown that LWD measurements can correlate with resilient modulus values obtained from cyclic testing, providing useful in situ estimates
Geotechnical_investigation
3D printing that changes shape according to certain stimuli
simulations that approximate the aggregated material properties of all the materials used in the sample. The size, shape, modulus, and connection pattern of
4D_printing
Animal flesh produced by culturing cells
shape), water retention (important for hydrating the cells) and Young's modulus. Certain materials degrade into compounds that are beneficial to cells
Cultured_meat
Soft water-rich polymer gel
(or conversely, the water concentration), the Young's modulus, shear modulus, and storage modulus can vary from 10 Pa to 3 MPa, a range of about five orders
Hydrogel
Class of extremely unreactive, inert and fire-resistant polymers
also have different mesophases. The mesogen cores of the polymers will aggregate into different mesophases: nematics, cholesterics, smectics and compounds
Liquid-crystal_polymer
Stored data in computer systems
(2018). "High-capacity optical long data memory based on enhanced Young's modulus in nanoplasmonic hybrid glass composites". Nature Communications. 9 (1):
Backup
braced frame – Building engineering – Building services engineering – Bulk modulus – Contents: Top 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y
Glossary of structural engineering
Glossary_of_structural_engineering
Mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital documents
on RSA. To create signature keys, generate an RSA key pair containing a modulus, N, that is the product of two random secret distinct large primes, along
Digital_signature
Fibers obtained from natural sources
hydration must be taken into account. For example, when hydrated, the Young's Modulus of collagen decreases from 3.26 to 0.6 GPa and becomes both more ductile
Natural_fiber
Property of solid materials under mechanical stress
dominant deformation mechanism as a function of homologous temperature, shear modulus-normalized stress, and strain rate. Generally, two of these three properties
Creep_(deformation)
interface. Soluble surfactants are also capable of forming micelles and other aggregate structures in solution, leading to a stabilizing effect in latex paints
Surfactants_in_paint
Synthetic polymer
above 194 K (−79.15 °C; −110.5 °F). PTFE gains its properties from the aggregate effect of carbon-fluorine bonds, as do all fluorocarbons. The only chemicals
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Nickel-based superalloy
temperatures above ~1000 °C. The Laves phase forms in large globular aggregates within the IN718 matrix. Because the Laves phase is significantly richer
Inconel_718
Hexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
~50-60 GPa for stretching large-area freestanding graphene) and a Young's modulus (stiffness) close to 1 TPa (150,000,000 psi). The Nobel announcement illustrated
Graphene
Type of material
"Parallel measurements and engineering simulations of conversion, shear modulus, and internal stress during ambient curing of a two-component epoxy coating"
Epoxy
Class of eel-shaped, slime-producing animal
recombinant slime keratin turns into a very strong fiber with an elastic modulus reaching 20 GPa. When in 2017 a road accident on U.S. Highway 101 resulted
Hagfish
Set of rules defining correctly structured programs
Python includes the +, -, *, / ("true division"), // (floor division), % (modulus), and ** (exponentiation) operators, with their usual mathematical precedence
Python_syntax_and_semantics
Allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure
stiffest materials yet discovered in terms of tensile strength and elastic modulus. This strength results from the covalent sp2 bonds formed between the individual
Carbon_nanotube
Science of the description and interpretation of deformation in the Earth's crust
\epsilon } denotes strain, and E is the elastic modulus, which is material dependent. The elastic modulus is, in effect, a measure of the strength of atomic
Structural_geology
S-shaped curve
{\displaystyle P} in one unit of time. Later, as the population grows, the modulus of the second term (which multiplied out is − r P 2 / K {\displaystyle
Logistic_function
Suspension of gold nanoparticles in a liquid
studied extensively. For 5 nm spheres capped with dodecanethiol, the Young's modulus of the monolayer is on the order of GPa. The mechanics of the membranes
Colloidal_gold
Particle with size less than 100 nm
calculate elastic modulus. However, it is unclear whether particle size and indentation depth affect the measured elastic modulus of nanoparticles by
Nanoparticle
Physical and chemical properties of pure water
being 3.9×10−10 Pa−1 at 0 °C and 100 megapascals (1,000 bar). The bulk modulus of water is about 2.2 GPa. The low compressibility of non-gasses, and of
Properties_of_water
Substance used to make lime mortar
useful building material for the following reasons: It has a low elastic modulus. There is no need for expansion (movement) joints. It allows buildings
Hydraulic_lime
Chemical element with atomic number 21 (Sc)
"NioCorp Announces Final Closing of Non-Brokered Private Placement for Aggregate Gross Proceeds of C$1.77 Million" (Press release). Retrieved 2019-05-18
Scandium
Study of propagation of cracks in materials
{\cfrac {2E\gamma }{\pi }}}} where E {\displaystyle E} is the Young's modulus of the material and γ {\displaystyle \gamma } is the surface energy density
Fracture_mechanics
Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
made them desirable targets for next-generation materials design. Young's modulus, E, is calculated as the axial stress σ over the resulting strain ε. It
Protein
algorithm that allows modular arithmetic to be performed efficiently when the modulus is large Multiplication algorithms: fast multiplication of two numbers
List_of_algorithms
Conducting semi-flexible rod polymer
usually overlooked. Measurements on compressed PANI pellets gave the Young’s modulus to be around 1.3 GPa, which is comparable to other common polymers. In
Polyaniline
Group of natural pigments found in most organisms
macular degeneration. Heavily pigmented melanoma cells have a Young's modulus of about 4.93 kPa, compared to non-pigmented cells, with a value of 0.98
Melanin
Materials with granular size 1 to 100 nm
nanoparticles via atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. To measure the elastic modulus; indentation data is obtained via AFM force-displacement curves being converted
Nanomaterials
Partial alignment of polymer molecular chains
Mechanical anisotropy increases and the elastic modulus varies along different directions, with a high modulus observed in the draw direction. Drawn semi-crystalline
Crystallization_of_polymers
buildings have as much thermal mass as similar concrete buildings. The elastic modulus of steel is approximately 205 GPa. Steel is very prone to corrosion (rust)
Structural_material
Conglomeration of discrete solid, macroscopic particles
point was empirically found to resemble second-order transition: the bulk modulus shows a power law scaling with Δ ϕ {\displaystyle \Delta \phi } and there
Granular_material
Frozen water; the solid state of water
particularly in the polar regions and above the snow line, where it can aggregate from snow to form glaciers and ice sheets. As snowflakes and hail, ice
Ice
Type of concrete
production. The replacement of fine aggregates in concrete (e.g. sand) with plastic naturally will decrease the Young's Modulus and compressive strength of the
Waste_light_concrete
Tendency of matter to change volume in response to a change in temperature
the stress/strain relationship characterised by the elastic or Young's modulus. In the special case of solid materials, external ambient pressure does
Thermal_expansion
Chemical compound
the hardest known oxide with the Vickers hardness of 38 GPa and the bulk modulus of 431 GPa (i.e. close to diamond's value of 446 GPa) at atmospheric pressure
Titanium_dioxide
Statistical test for linear congruential generators
{1}{6}}\pi ^{3}\nu _{6}^{6}/m,\end{aligned}}} where m {\displaystyle m} is the modulus of the LCG. Knuth defines a figure of merit, which describes how close
Spectral_test
Type of secondary structure of proteins
results in a characteristic three-phase behavior of stiff-soft-stiff tangent modulus. Phase I corresponds to the small-deformation regime during which the helix
Alpha_helix
Biological membrane structure
mechanical properties of liquids or solids. The area compression modulus Ka, bending modulus Kb, and edge energy Λ {\displaystyle \Lambda } , can be used
Lipid_bilayer
Feature of some stochastic processes
the characteristic equation lie inside the unit circle—that is, have a modulus (absolute value) less than one—then the first difference of the process
Unit_root
Long-term deformation of concrete due to drying shrinkage and mechanical stress
quasi-elastic analysis in which Young's modulus E {\displaystyle E} is replaced by the so-called age-adjusted effective modulus E ″ ( t , t 1 ) = [ E ( t 1 ) −
Creep and shrinkage of concrete
Creep_and_shrinkage_of_concrete
lipids in the inner and outer leaflet divided by two, and Kb is the bending modulus of the bilayer. The radii of membrane cylinders that form in intracellular
Membrane_curvature
Clumping of particles in suspension
solid body, but differs from ordinary solids by having a very low elastic modulus. When aggregation occurs in a suspension composed of similar monodisperse
Particle_aggregation
Spherical regions inside a polymer
material; in particular, crystallinity, density, tensile strength and Young's modulus of polymers increase during spherulization. This increase is due to the
Spherulite_(polymer_physics)
together in rigid structures with definite shape and volume. See Young's modulus. solid-phase extraction (SPE) solubility The property of a solid, liquid
Glossary_of_chemistry_terms
Description of large objects' physics
{v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}}\,,} where m is the particle's rest mass, v its velocity, v is the modulus of v, and c is the speed of light. If v is very small compared to c, v2/c2
Classical_mechanics
Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) are three-dimensional (3D) aggregates of cells that serve as widely used in-vitro models of tumors․ Unlike conventional
Multicellular_tumor_spheroids
Concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural strength
equivalent diameter for the calculation of aspect ratio. If the fiber's modulus of elasticity is higher than the matrix (concrete or mortar binder), they
Fiber-reinforced_concrete
Form of thermoplastic adhesive
elongation, and low-temperature performance, but also lower hardness, modulus, and abrasion resistance. The bonding temperature is lower than with most
Hot-melt_adhesive
Chemical element with atomic number 33 (As)
Flocculation follows where a flocculant bridges smaller particles and allows the aggregate to precipitate out from water. However, such methods may not be efficient
Arsenic
Clothing and accessories incorporating computer and advanced electronic technologies
skin can be modeled as bilayer, composed of an epidermis having Young's Modulus (E) of 2–80 kPa and thickness of 0.3–3 mm and a dermis having E of 140–600
Wearable_technology
displayed highly non-linear behavior, and the storage (G') and loss (G'') modulus was determined. Both peanut butter types have a decrease in G' and G''
Rheology_of_peanut_butter
new series 80, pp. 440–441. Obituary of Juliette Peirce. Answers.com, aggregator (accessed January 1, 2011), "Charles Sanders Peirce", reproduces six mostly
Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography
Charles_Sanders_Peirce_bibliography
Alloy with higher durability than normal metals
porosity is critical to providing strain tolerance (via a low in-plane modulus), as it would otherwise spall on thermal cycling due to thermal expansion
Superalloy
Effects of ionizing radiation
decreases in both compressive and tensile strength as well as elastic modulus of concrete at around a dosage of around 1019 neutrons per square centimeter
Radiation_damage
Science and technology of creating objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials
properties Three-point flexural test – Standard procedure for measuring modulus of elasticity in bending Transparent materials – Physical property of allowing
Ceramic_engineering
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