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Series of armed labor conflicts in the US (1890 to 1930)
The Coal Wars were a series of armed labor conflicts in the United States, roughly between 1890 and 1930. Although they occurred mainly in the East, particularly
Coal_Wars
Phrase in American political rhetoric
In the United States, the war on coal is a phrase used by the coal industry and its supporters to describe what they claim was an effort by the Obama administration
War_on_coal
1890s labor uprising in Tennessee, United States
The Coal Creek War was an early 1890s armed labor uprising in the southeastern United States that took place primarily in Anderson County, Tennessee. This
Coal_Creek_War
Armed labor conflicts (1912–1921)
Virginia coal wars (1912–1921), also known as the mine wars, arose out of a dispute between coal companies and miners. The West Virginia mine wars era began
West_Virginia_coal_wars
1976 novel by Upton Sinclair
The Coal War is a novel by Upton Sinclair. It is a sequel to King Coal and documents the continuing exploits of that novel's protagonist, Hal Warner. When
The_Coal_War
1898–1900 labor disputes and racial conflict in Illinois, United States
Illinois coal wars, also known as the Illinois mine wars and by several other names, were a series of labor disputes between 1898 and 1900 in the coal mining
Illinois_coal_wars
Violent labor dispute in Kentucky
The Harlan County War, or Bloody Harlan, was a series of coal industry skirmishes, executions, bombings and strikes (both attempted and realized) that
Harlan_County_War
Combustible sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbon
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as layers called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other
Coal
Violent 1921 American labor dispute
uprising since the American Civil War. The conflict occurred in Logan County, West Virginia, as part of the Coal Wars, a series of early-20th-century labor
Battle_of_Blair_Mountain
American university administrator (born 1954)
the World War II memorial. The House also passed Johnson's Stop the War on Coal Act, which would stop the creation of any new rules that threaten mining
Bill Johnson (university president)
Bill_Johnson_(university_president)
Hard, compact variety of coal
are black coal, hard coal, stone coal, dark coal, coffee coal, blind coal (in Scotland), Kilkenny coal (in Ireland), crow coal or craw coal, and black
Anthracite
Process of getting coal to the surface
Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground or from a mine. Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely
Coal_mining
Fine-powdered form of coal
Coal dust is a fine-powdered form of coal which is created by the crushing, grinding, or pulverization of coal rock. Because of the brittle nature of coal
Coal_dust
environmental impact of the coal industry includes issues such as land use, waste management, water and air pollution, caused by the coal mining, processing and
Health and environmental impact of the coal industry
Health_and_environmental_impact_of_the_coal_industry
Human disease caused by long-term exposure to coal dust
Black lung disease (BLD), also known as coal workers' pneumoconiosis, coal miner’s lung, or simply black lung, is an occupational type of pneumoconiosis
Black_lung_disease
1920 shootout in Matewan, West Virginia
Coalfield mining district, in southern West Virginia. It occurred on May 19, 1920 between local coal miners and their allies and the Baldwin–Felts Detective Agency
Battle_of_Matewan
Pennsylvanian Coal Strike
The Coal strike of 1902 (also known as the anthracite coal strike) was a strike by the United Mine Workers of America in the anthracite coalfields of eastern
1902_anthracite_coal_strike
Coal in Europe is a term describing the use of coal as an energy source in Europe, including both thermal coal used for power generation and coking coal
Coal_in_Europe
Product of coal preparation
Coal slurry is a mixture of solids (mined coal or coal waste) and liquids (water or organic) produced by a coal preparation plant. To transform the coal
Coal_slurry
Peak consumption or production of coal
Peak coal is the moment of maximum consumption of coal, after which it is assumed that coal consumption would decrease. Historically, it was widely believed
Peak_coal
Wealthy and influential owner of coal mines
A coal baron is a term colloquially used to describe an entrepreneur or industrialist who possesses great power or influence through the possession and
Coal_baron
of the world total.The coal industry generated $12.2 billion in 2023. With 19 active coal mines across Canada, most of the coal comes from British Columbia
Coal_in_Canada
Rhetorical trope, used to manage a perceived societal problem
Obama administration to impose stringent regulations on coal power in the United States "War on Cops", a phrase used by Bill Johnson, executive director
War_as_metaphor
Basin with coal deposits
largest producer of coal in the world, while Australia is the largest coal exporter. Countries with the largest proven black coal reserves are the United
Coal-mining_region
Coal mining has historically been an important industry in Ukraine. Although the industry is often associated with the coal-rich Donets basin in the east
Coal_in_Ukraine
Process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons
Coal liquefaction is a chemical process that converts solid coal into liquid hydrocarbons, including synthetic fuels and petrochemicals. Often referred
Coal_liquefaction
In the People's Republic of China, electricity generated from coal represents over half of all electricity generated in the country. It is a major source
Coal_power_in_China
Strike by coal miners in the US and Canada
Big Coal Strike was a nationwide general strike of miners in the US and Canada after the United Mine Worker's (UMW) trade union contract expired on March
UMW General coal strike (1922)
UMW_General_coal_strike_(1922)
United States coal strike
The Bituminous coal strike of 1977–1978 was a 110-day national coal strike in the United States led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA). It began
UMW Bituminous coal strike of 1977–1978
UMW_Bituminous_coal_strike_of_1977–1978
1913–1914 labor uprising in Colorado, US
the original on September 22, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2021. Suggs, George G. (April 1978). "The Coal War: A Sequel to 'King Coal'". Western Historical
Colorado_Coalfield_War
April 1914 massacre during the Colorado Coalfield War
Coalfield War, which began with a general United Mine Workers of America strike against poor labor conditions in CF&I's southern Colorado coal mines. The
Ludlow_Massacre
Month-long union strike in 1919
The United Mine Workers coal strike of 1919 saw bituminous coal miners strike for over a month, from November 1 to December 10, 1919, for better wages
UMW_coal_strike_of_1919
Labor strike and violent confrontation in Cabin Creek, West Virginia
Paint Creek Mine War, was a confrontation between striking coal miners and coal operators in Kanawha County, West Virginia, centered on the area enclosed
Paint Creek–Cabin Creek Strike
Paint_Creek–Cabin_Creek_Strike
Heating of coal in the absence of oxygen
process of heating coal in the absence of oxygen to a temperature above 600 °C (1,112 °F) to drive off the volatile components of the raw coal, leaving behind
Coking
Coal ash, also known as coal combustion residuals (CCRs), is the mineral residue that remains from burning coal. Exposure to coal ash and to the toxic
Health_effects_of_coal_ash
and Arch Coal. When Arch Coal filed for bankruptcy protection, the price of coal had dropped 50% since 2011 and it was $4.5 billion in debt. On October
Coal mining in the United States
Coal_mining_in_the_United_States
Regulator of coal and steel markets, 1952–67
The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was a European organization created after World War II to integrate Europe's coal and steel industries into
European Coal and Steel Community
European_Coal_and_Steel_Community
Production of syngas from coal
vapour (H2O)—from coal and water, air and/or oxygen. Historically, coal was gasified to produce coal gas, also known as "town gas". Coal gas is combustible
Coal_gasification
Coal pollution mitigation is a series of systems and technologies that seek to mitigate health and environmental impact of burning coal for energy. Burning
Coal_pollution_mitigation
Bomb intended to sabotage steam engines
American Civil War, and intended for doing harm to Union steam transportation. When it was shoveled into the firebox amongst the coal, the resulting explosion
Coal_torpedo
Global conflict from 1914 to 1918
World War I, or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies
World_War_I
Region in eastern Ukraine
Donbas", emerged as coal producing regions only after World War II. In the west, the area of coal production extends up to the city of Samar in Dnipropetrovsk
Donbas
British men conscripted to work as coal miners in WW2
in coal mines between December 1943 and March 1948 to increase the rate of coal production, which had declined through the early years of World War II
Bevin_Boys
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
the coal industry in Great Britain (Northern Ireland was excluded). It established the National Coal Board as the managing authority for coal mining
Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946
Coal_Industry_Nationalisation_Act_1946
production, particularly in coal mining, became a concern for policy makers. Prior to the Civil War, coal mining was done on a small scale, and skilled
History of coal mining in the United States
History_of_coal_mining_in_the_United_States
more than 90% of the coal consumed in the United States. There were almost 200 coal power plants across the United States in 2026. Coal plants have been closing
Coal power in the United States
Coal_power_in_the_United_States
There are two types of coal found in Pennsylvania: anthracite, the hard coal found in Northeastern Pennsylvania below the Allegheny Ridge southwest to
History of anthracite coal mining in Pennsylvania
History_of_anthracite_coal_mining_in_Pennsylvania
Coal supplies a quarter of Turkey's primary energy, and the country is one of the largest consumers in the world. The subsidised coal industry generates
Coal_in_Turkey
Union strike in the United States
of Civil War over expansion. This had a deflationary effect on coal prices as the demand for iron and steel decreased. Strikes by the same coal workers
Coal_miners'_strike_of_1873
American coal industry executive
Congress. Gardner stands by his assessment that regulation has been a "war on coal". On October 26, 2017, Gardner was nominated by President Donald Trump to
J._Steven_Gardner
1922 labor-union conflict in Illinois, U.S.
The Herrin massacre took place on June 21–22, 1922, in Herrin, Illinois, in a coal mining area during a nationwide strike by the United Mineworkers of
Herrin_massacre
are interconnected and can cause new effects. Greenhouse gas emissions — Coal-fired power station • Carbon dioxide • Methane • Fluorinated gases Human
List_of_environmental_issues
remains an important energy source. Coal is also mined today on a large scale by open pit methods wherever the coal strata strike the surface or are relatively
History_of_coal_mining
1897 killing of unarmed striking miners
drivers struck on August 14, 1897. A scuffle between a supervisor and some drivers led to additional walkouts by strip miners and underground coal miners; by
Lattimer_massacre
British statutory corporation, 1946–1987
Attlee's post-war Labour government to manage nationalised industries. The Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946 received royal assent on 12 July 1946
National_Coal_Board
regulate coal mining, generally. Some organizations have said that the Obama Administration's EPA and other federal agencies were engaged in a "war on coal".
Environmental issues in Appalachia
Environmental_issues_in_Appalachia
Labor strike in Colorado, US
The 1927–1928 Colorado coal strike was a spreading strike, spearheaded by the Industrial Workers of the World. The exact number of workers involved is
1927–1928 Colorado coal strike
1927–1928_Colorado_coal_strike
1917 novel by Upton Sinclair
book is based on the 1913-1914 Colorado coal strikes. The sequel to King Coal was posthumously published under the title, The Coal War. As in his earlier
King_Coal
1891 massacre in Pennsylvania, US
Pleasant, Pennsylvania was a major center for the coal, coke, and steel industries. Coke, a fuel derived from coal, was essential for iron smelting, which in
Morewood_massacre
Labor dispute in the United States
bituminous coal miners' strike was an unsuccessful national eight-week strike by miners of bituminous coal in the United States, which began on April 21
Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894
Bituminous_coal_miners'_strike_of_1894
Scrip issued by a company to pay its employees
local village, Chipshop. Coal scrip is "tokens or paper with a monetary value issued to workers as an advance on wages by the coal company or its designated
Company_scrip
1931 violence during a strike in Kentucky, US
that has been called the Harlan County Wars. Accounts differ, but there is consensus on some details. Peabody Coal Company owned and operated the Black
Battle_of_Evarts
Labor union and racial conflict in Illinois, 1898
that occurred on October 12, 1898. After a United Mine Workers of America local struck a mine in Virden, Illinois, the Chicago-Virden Coal Company hired
Battle_of_Virden
City in West Virginia, United States
States with this name. War was formerly known as Miner's City. War developed originally as a coal town in the Tug Fork valley of southern McDowell County during
War,_West_Virginia
Strike by American coal miners
including Indiana County. The strike began on April 1, 1927, when almost 200,000 coal miners struck the coal mining companies operating in the Central
1927 Indiana bituminous strike
1927_Indiana_bituminous_strike
domestic supply. State-owned Coal India had a monopoly on coal mining between its nationalisation in 1973 and 2018. Most of the coal is burned to generate electricity
Coal_in_India
Miners' strike in Pennsylvania, United States
The Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–1911, or the Westmoreland coal miners' strike, was a strike by coal miners represented by the United Mine
Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–1911
Westmoreland_County_coal_strike_of_1910–1911
Labor dispute in Johnson County, Arkansas
In 1915, coal miners affiliated with the United Mine Workers (UMW) labor union at the Wheelbarrow Mine in Johnson County, Arkansas, went on strike against
1915–1917 Wheelbarrow Mine strike
1915–1917_Wheelbarrow_Mine_strike
Village in Derbyshire, England
During World War II the village was the site of a prisoner-of-war camp. Coal Aston was formerly a township in the parish of Dronfield, in 1866 Coal Aston became
Coal_Aston
United States coal strike
The Bituminous coal strike of 1974 was a 28-day national coal strike in the United States led by the United Mine Workers of America. It is generally considered
1974 UMW Bituminous coal strike
1974_UMW_Bituminous_coal_strike
Arapaho tribal leader
Powder River Country, in which the Arapaho allied with war parties of the Lakota and Cheyenne. Black Coal fought in engagements like the July 1865 Battle of
Chief_Black_Coal
Illinois coal wars event, 1899
of the turn-of-the-century Illinois coal wars in the United States. The national United Mine Workers of America coal strike of 1897 was officially settled
Carterville_Mine_Riot
worked as coal miners for centuries, but the profession became increasingly important during the Industrial Revolution when coal was burned on a large scale
History_of_coal_miners
Two or three-dimensionally defined space
lies along the border or Iraq and Kuwait and played a role in the Gulf War; the Coal Region of Pennsylvania, which is a historical region as well as a cultural
Region
Phase since 2022 of war ongoing since 2014
On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine, starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the existing
Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)
Manufactured gaseous fuel
Coal gas is a flammable gaseous fuel made from coal and supplied to the user via a piped distribution system originating from a gasworks. It is produced
Coal_gas
Ongoing conflict since 2014
The Russo-Ukrainian war began in February 2014 and is ongoing. Following Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity, Russia occupied Crimea and annexed it from Ukraine
Russo-Ukrainian_war
Strike of United Mine Workers
The 1920 Alabama coal strike, or the Alabama miners' strike, was a statewide strike of the United Mine Workers of America against coal mine operators.
1920_Alabama_coal_strike
1943 film
Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs is a 1943 Merrie Melodies animated cartoon directed by Bob Clampett. The short was released on January 16, 1943. The film
Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs
Coal_Black_and_de_Sebben_Dwarfs
A coal merchant is the term used in the UK and other countries for a trader who sells coal and often delivers it to households. Coal merchants were once
Coal_merchant
Riot in Arkansas, United States
The Hartford coal mine riot occurred on July 12, 1914, at Hartford, Arkansas. In a productive region of a state with 100% of its coal miners represented
Hartford_coal_mine_riot
Energy campaign by the Sierra Club
"Beyond Coal: Change for a Brighter Tomorrow". Bloomberg Beyond Coal. Retrieved April 2, 2020. Grunwald, Michael (May 26, 2015). "Inside the war on coal". Politico
Beyond_Coal
German industrialist and war criminal (1899–1985)
served as the Reich Delegate for Coal Supply and the chairman of the Reich Coal Association. He was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity
Paul_Pleiger
Negotiations about German reparations
Supreme War Council and the government of the Weimar Republic in Spa, Belgium on 5–16 July 1920. The main topics were German disarmament, coal shipments
Spa_Conference_of_1920
Environmental policy intended to stop using coal
Coal phase-out is stopping burning coal in coal-fired power plants and elsewhere. This environmental policy is part of fossil fuel phase-out. The health
Coal_phase-out
Utah miners labor action, 1903–04
strikes in Colorado to protest the dangerous working conditions of the Utah coal mines. The Carbon County strikes were considered the most important labor
Carbon_County_Strike
Bulk cargo ship to carry coal
carry coal. Early evidence of coal being transported by sea includes use of coal in London in 1306. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, coal was
Collier_(ship)
American coal advocacy group
legislation in favor of coal-generated electricity in the United States, placing emphasis on the development and deployment of clean coal technologies. Since
American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity
American_Coalition_for_Clean_Coal_Electricity
Unincorporated community in West Virginia
Demand for coal produced by World War I contributed to the rush to develop the coal field. Scotts Run is part of the Fairmont Coal Field, which is on the Pittsburgh
Scotts_Run,_West_Virginia
Fuels Administration for War, The term "solid fuels" includes all forms of anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignitic coals (including packaged and
Solid Fuels Administration for War
Solid_Fuels_Administration_for_War
American veterans' activist (born 1948)
History for a panel about the war. Musgrave raised money for the Vietnam War Memorial at the University of Kansas and he served on the committee that helped
John_Musgrave
Village on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada
Coal Harbour is a harbour and community on northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada located on the north side of Holberg Inlet in the Quatsino
Coal Harbour (Vancouver Island)
Coal_Harbour_(Vancouver_Island)
Occupation exempt from military service
needed filling. Examples of reserved occupations in the Second World War included coal mining, ship building, railway and dockworkers, farmers, teachers
Reserved_occupation
Defunct coal mine in Kyushu, Japan
Miike coal mine (三池炭鉱, Miike Tankō), also known as the Mitsui Miike Coal Mine (三井三池炭鉱, Mitsui Miike Tankō), was the largest coal mine in Japan, located
Miike_coal_mine
American politician
due to losses in the coal industry. According to Kessler, the program acts as a counterpunch to the effects of the "war on coal" and aims to "change our
Jeff_Kessler
In the United Kingdom, coal mining dates back to Roman times and occurred in many different parts of the country. Britain's coalfields are associated with
Coal mining in the United Kingdom
Coal_mining_in_the_United_Kingdom
UNESCO World Heritage Site in Japan
of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining (明治日本の産業革命遺産 製鉄・鉄鋼、造船、石炭産業, Meiji nihon no sangyōkakumei isan: seitetsu
Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining
Sites_of_Japan's_Meiji_Industrial_Revolution:_Iron_and_Steel,_Shipbuilding_and_Coal_Mining
Welsh television series
Coal House is a Welsh television series made by Indus Films for BBC Wales, and broadcast on BBC One Wales, with a subsequent UK wide repeat of both series
Coal_House_(TV_series)
Tributary of the Kanawha River
The Coal River is a tributary of the Kanawha River in southern West Virginia. It is formed near the community of Alum Creek by the confluence of the Big
Coal_River_(West_Virginia)
Subregion in Pennsylvania, United States
The Coal Region, also known as the Anthracite Coal Region, is a subregion of Northeastern Pennsylvania. It is known for being home to the largest known
Coal_Region
WAR ON-COAL
WAR ON-COAL
Boy/Male
British, English
Wary
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
King Henry IV, Part 2' Thomas Wart, a country soldier.
Male
English
Old pet form of English Walter, WAT means "ruler of the army."
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : nickname for a soldier or for a belligerent person, from Old French (de la) werre, (de la) guerre ‘(of the) war’. Compare Delaware.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by a dam or weir on a river (Old English wær, wer), or a habitational name from a place named with this word, such as Ware in Hertfordshire.English : nickname for a cautious person, from Middle English war(e) ‘wary’, ‘prudent’ (Old English (ge)wær).English : Robert Ware came to Dedham, MA, from England in or before 1642. Henry Ware (1764–1845), born in Sherborn, MA, was a Unitarian clergyman and theologian and father of the physician John Ware (b. 1795) and two clergymen, Henry (b. 1794) and William (b. 1797).
Male
English
 English occupational surname transferred to forename use, derived from Old English weard, WARD means "guard, watchman."Â
Surname or Lastname
English (Northumbria)
English (Northumbria) : topographic name for someone who lived by the Wear river in northern England. The river name is ancient, occuring in the form Vedra in Ptolemy’s Geographia; it is probably a Celtic word meaning ‘water’.English (Northumbria) : topographic name for someone who lived near a dam or weir, a variant spelling of Ware 1, or a habitational name from a place called Weare, in Devon and Somerset, from Old English wær, wer ‘weir’.
Male
Egyptian
, a priest of the god Har-hut of Edfu.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Warne.German : from a short form of any of various Germanic personal names formed with war(in) ‘guard’ as the first element.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
On the Way to Saibaba
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a watchman or guard, from Old English weard ‘guard’ (used as both an agent noun and an abstract noun).Irish : reduced form of McWard, an Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac an Bhaird ‘son of the poet’. The surname occurs throughout Ireland, where three different branches of the family are known as professional poets.Surname adopted by bearers of the Jewish surname Warshawski, Warshawsky or some other Jewish name bearing some similarity to the English name.Americanized form of French Guerin.The surname Ward was brought to North America from England independently by several different bearers in the 17th and 18th centuries. Nathaniel Ward (1578–1652), author of the MA legal code, was born in Haverhill, Suffolk, England, and emigrated to Agawam (Ipswich, MA) in 1633. William Ward was one of the original settlers of Sudbury, MA, in about 1638. Miles Ward came from England to Salem, MA, in about 1639. Thomas Ward (d. 1689) settled in Newport, RI, in 1671; among his descendants were two governors of colonial RI.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Zar - gold, Masta - excited
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Pashtun
Zar - Gold; Mina - Love
Male
Hebrew
(בַּר) Hebrew name DAR means both "mother-of-pearl" and "marble."
Girl/Female
Muslim
Zar - gold, Mina - Love
Male
French
French and Spanish form of Roman Latin Cæsar, CÉSAR means "severed."
Boy/Male
Australian, Biblical, British, Christian, English
Pain; Force; Iniquity
Surname or Lastname
Variant spelling of German and Jewish Wachs.English
Variant spelling of German and Jewish Wachs.English : metonymic occupational name for a seller or gatherer of beeswax, Middle English wax (from Old English weax). In the Middle Ages wax was an important commodity, used among other things for making candles.
Male
French
French form of Latin Leo, LÉON means "lion."
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Pashtun
Zar - Gold; Masta - Excited
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WAR ON-COAL