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Severity of disease pathogens on its host
Virulence is a pathogen's or microorganism's ability to cause damage to a host. In most cases, especially in animal systems, virulence refers to the degree
Virulence
Type of molecules produced by a pathogen that might cause potential harmful effects
Virulence factors (preferably known as pathogenicity factors or effectors in botany) are cellular structures, molecules and regulatory systems that enable
Virulence_factor
Academic journal
Virulence is a peer-reviewed medical journal that covers microbiology and immunology specifically, microorganism pathogenicity, the infection process
Virulence_(journal)
Theory about the evolution of pathogens
Optimal virulence is a concept relating to the ecology of hosts and parasites. One definition of virulence is the host's parasite-induced loss of fitness
Optimal_virulence
Genus of bacteria
calcium influx, may also contribute to the intoxication of phagocytes. The virulence factors identified in the Bordetella are common to all three species.
Bordetella
American evolutionary biologist (born c. 1953)
University of Louisville. Ewald is known for his theories on the evolution of virulence and his theory that many common diseases of unknown origin are likely
Paul_W._Ewald
Species of Gram-positive bacterium
food poisoning. Pathogenic strains often promote infections by producing virulence factors such as potent protein toxins, and the expression of a cell-surface
Staphylococcus_aureus
Strain of the anthrax bacterium
two specific virulence plasmids in B. anthracis, with the Ames strain expressing greater virulence compared to other strains. The virulence of B. anthracis
Ames_strain
Human bacterial infection
needed] Members of the Clostridium genus exhibit a plethora of virulence factors. Common virulence factors associated with gas gangrene include alpha toxin
Gas_gangrene
Species of bacterium
associations of virulence factors are the same for plant and animal infections. In both insects and plants, P. aeruginosa virulence is highly quorum
Pseudomonas_aeruginosa
2007 studio album by Only Crime
Virulence is the second full-length studio album from melodic hardcore band, Only Crime. It was released on January 23, 2007, and features the same line-up
Virulence_(album)
Strains of E. coli that can cause disease
normal flora E. coli, the pathogenic varieties produce toxins and other virulence factors that enable them to reside in parts of the body normally not inhabited
Pathogenic_Escherichia_coli
Species of pathogenic bacterium found in water
associated with human clinical cases, and carries specific genes that increase virulence and resistance to serum killing. The E-genotype has been isolated from
Vibrio_vulnificus
Genus of bacteria
they form virulence factors and as such regulate the switch from their normal growth in the intestine into virulence. The switch to virulence gives access
Salmonella
American epidemiologist (1859–1934)
accepted as conventional wisdom and was even called the law of declining virulence. It has been disproved and replaced by the trade-off model, which explains
Theobald_Smith
Species of bacterium
established yet. Strains that lack the virulence plasmid are unable to proliferate in macrophages. This virulence plasmid has been characterised in detail
Rhodococcus_equi
Species of bacterium causing pertussis or whooping cough
death worldwide due to declining immunity and pathogen adaptation. Its virulence factors include pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, filamentous
Bordetella_pertussis
Bacterial variant
human illness. Its pathogenicity is largely attributed to a variety of virulence genes, many of which are located on mobile genetic elements. A key factor
Escherichia_coli_O121
Species of bacteria
infection. Mutants can have a rod or curved rod shape that exhibits less virulence. While many earlier reports of an association between bacteria and gastric
Helicobacter_pylori
Genus of bacteria
world population has latent tuberculosis (TB). M. tuberculosis has many virulence factors, which can be divided across lipid and fatty acid metabolism,
Mycobacterium
Bacterial disease of lobsters
Gaffkaemia (gaffkemia in American English) is a bacterial disease of lobsters, caused by the Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium Aerococcus viridans var
Gaffkaemia
Species of bacterium
Due to its low infectious dose, ease of spread by aerosol, and high virulence, F. tularensis is classified as a Tier 1 Select Agent by the U.S. government
Francisella_tularensis
American stoner rock band
Orange County, California. The band grew out of the hardcore punk band Virulence, which was founded in 1985, and adopted the name Fu Manchu in 1990. The
Fu_Manchu_(band)
Species of bacterium
Agrobacterium tumefaciens or Agrobacterium rhizogenes), but on expression of virulence-related genes of bacterium and on the production of compounds that can
Rhodococcus_fascians
Continent
The plague is thought to have returned every generation with varying virulence and mortalities until the 18th century. During this period, more than
Europe
Species of bacterium
and a relationship between disease severity and the expression of the virulence factors Streptolysin S and SPEGdys has been inferred. Penicillin remains
Streptococcus_dysgalactiae
Growing bacteria or viruses in iterations
serial passage can be quite useful in studies that seek to alter the virulence of a virus or other pathogen. One consequence of this is that serial passage
Serial_passage
Season of television series
discovered a way to reclaim the stolen Bankai. 382 16 "The Fundamental Virulence" Ōri Yasukawa Masaki Hiramatsu Yōichi Fujita [ja] Kumiko Takayanagi July 22
Bleach: Thousand-Year Blood War
Bleach:_Thousand-Year_Blood_War
Variety of bacteria
(syn. Coniothyrium minitans). The first definite evidence of cost of virulence in any plant pathogen was discovered in this bacterium. Vera Cruz et al
Xanthomonas_oryzae_pv._oryzae
Species of fungus
five different clades, each with distinct genetic and clinical (such as virulence and anti-fungal resistance) properties, as well as different geographic
Candida_auris
Passing of a pathogen from one organism to another
microorganisms cause diarrhea.[citation needed] The relationship between virulence and transmission is complex and has important consequences for the long
Pathogen_transmission
Species of bacterium
contribute to virulence and are found on many Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria.[citation needed] P. gingivalis virulence is heavily associated
Porphyromonas_gingivalis
Process of virus reproduction
On the other hand, the prophage may transfer genes that enhance host virulence and resistance to the immune system. Also, the repressor produced by the
Lysogenic_cycle
Species of virus
The epidemiology of Aujeszky's disease varies with the pathogenicity or virulence of the virus strain involved. This is best illustrated by the development
Pseudorabies
Species of bacterium
Comamonas have begun to be developed. Though these organisms have low virulence, they can occasionally cause human diseases. They can be found in intravenous
Comamonas_testosteroni
Family of kinases
and polycationic antimicrobials in E. coli and that it is required for virulence in invasive strains of Salmonella enterica. The family also includes
Lipopolysaccharide kinase (Kdo/WaaP) family
Lipopolysaccharide_kinase_(Kdo/WaaP)_family
Proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria
to immunoglobulin diversity). As the primary antigenic determinants, virulence factors and impunity factors on the cell surface of a number of species
Pilus
Species of bacterium
capsule that acts as a virulence factor for the organism; more than 100 different serotypes are known , and these types differ in virulence, prevalence, and
Streptococcus_pneumoniae
Species of bacterium
Staphylococcus sciuri species group as a reservoir for resistance and virulence genes". Veterinary Microbiology. Special Issue: ARAE 2013, Antimicrobial
Mammaliicoccus_sciuri
Species of bacterium
Actinomyces species, in particular A. israelii). It possesses certain virulence factors that enable it to invade tissues, such as the pore-forming toxin
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Aggregatibacter_actinomycetemcomitans
T7SS system discovered was the ESX-1 System. T7SS has been studied as a virulence factor associated with the ESX-1 system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Type_VII_secretion_system
Species of bacterium
pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen that secretes immune-modulating virulence factors, has many adhesion factors, and the potential to create biofilms
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Staphylococcus_pseudintermedius
Species of bacterium
These vesicles transport virulence factors and virulence proteins. The outer membrane vesicles not only enhance their virulence, but also improves their
Legionella_pneumophila
Protein family
usually in the host they are infecting or living in. Adhesins are a type of virulence factor. Adherence is an essential step in bacterial pathogenesis or infection
Bacterial_adhesin
Species of bacterium
invasion, and colonization of its host, this bacterium possesses many virulence factors including a superantigen, adhesins, and secreted Yops (Yersinia
Yersinia_pseudotuberculosis
causing listeriosis. The toxin may be considered a virulence factor, since it is crucial for the virulence of L. monocytogenes. Listeriolysin O is a non-enzymatic
Listeriolysin_O
Species of bacterium
functional categories into which C. perfringens' virulence factors may be divided. These virulence factor-encoding genes can be found on chromosomes
Clostridium_perfringens
Species of bacterium
pathogenic M. tuberculosis in particular; however, only 12 of the 19 virulence genes in M. tuberculosis have homologues in M. smegmatis. The discovery
Mycobacterium_smegmatis
Species of bacteria, cause of plague
protease, Pla, that activates plasmin in human hosts and is a very important virulence factor for pneumonic plague. Together, these plasmids and a pathogenicity
Yersinia_pestis
Species of bacterium that can cause meningitis
called pili and the surface-exposed proteins Opa and Opc and has several virulence factors. Meningococcus can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal
Neisseria_meningitidis
Species of bacterium
infections (UTIs), meningitis, and other infections in humans. Several virulence factors are thought to contribute to E. faecalis infections. A plasmid-encoded
Enterococcus_faecalis
Species of bacterium
endoflagellar proteins including flgA. The loa22 gene has been classified as a virulence factor. LipL32 is the most abundant protein in L. interrogans. Although
Leptospira_interrogans
Number and virulence of the parasites that a host organism harbours
Parasite load is a measure of the number and virulence of the parasites that a host organism harbours. Quantitative parasitology deals with measures to
Parasite_load
Species of fungus
000 deaths annually with a mortality rate between 25 and 90%. Several virulence factors have been postulated to explain this opportunistic behaviour.
Aspergillus_fumigatus
Species of bacterium
pXO1 and pXO2. Both the pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids are required for full virulence and represent two distinct plasmid families. The pXO1 plasmid (182 kb)
Bacillus_anthracis
Variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19
The Alpha variant (B.1.1.7) was a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern. It was estimated to be 40–80% more transmissible than the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (with most
SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant
Protein family
M protein is a virulence factor that is produced by certain species of Streptococcus. The protein plays an important role in adhesion to and colonization
M_protein_(Streptococcus)
Species of bacterium
trachomatis Plasmid Is a Transcriptional Regulator of Chromosomal Genes and a Virulence Factor". Infection and Immunity. 76 (6): 2273–2283. doi:10.1128/iai.00102-08
Chlamydia_trachomatis
Transcription factor found in Streptococcus pyogenese
streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (speB or streptopain), which is an important virulence factor of Streptococcus pyogenes and is responsible for the dissemination
RopB transcriptional regulator
RopB_transcriptional_regulator
Biological entity that causes disease in its host
virulence describes a theorized equilibrium between a pathogen spreading to additional hosts to parasitize resources, while lowering their virulence to
Pathogen
Subspecies of bacterium
enterica serovars possess serotype-specific virulence plasmids. These are plasmid-associated virulence characterized by low-copy-number plasmids and
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
Salmonella_enterica_subsp._enterica
Species of bacterium
proteins with unknown functions. The bacterium possess multiple putative virulence-associated genes involved in adherence, intracellular survival, invasion
Nocardia_seriolae
Species of bacterium
pseudotuberculosis in the distal limbs of horses. This bacterium uses the virulence factors phospholipase D and mycolic acid to damage eukaryotic cell walls
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Corynebacterium_pseudotuberculosis
Scientific discipline
methods to understand the pathogenicity of microorganisms. Toxins and virulence factors from microbes have been used for decades to influence processes
Cellular_microbiology
Species of parasite that causes sexually transmitted infections
epithelial cells being pH, time, and temperature dependent. A variety of virulence factors mediate this process some of which are the microtubules, microfilaments
Trichomonas_vaginalis
Signaling molecule in the bacterium Vibrio cholerae
biofilm formation and quorum sensing. It also regulates expression of virulence factors. V. cholerae, the bacterium that houses the CAI-1 chemokine, was
Cholera_autoinducer-1
Species of bacterium
associated with high-virulence Gram-negative bacteria, instead containing sphingolipids (ceramide). This generally results in lower virulence, though they can
Sphingomonas_pseudosanguinis
Species of bacterium
Bacillus, can produce protective endospores. They have a wide range of virulence factors, including phospholipase C, cereulide, sphingomyelinase, metalloproteases
Bacillus_cereus
Species of bacterium
Clostridium tertium is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium. Although it can be considered an uncommon pathogen in humans, there has been substantial
Clostridium_tertium
Species of bacterium
is called tenacibaculosis. The genome of T. maritimum encodes numerous virulence factors, including a type IX secretion system, hemolysins, adhesins, and
Tenacibaculum_maritimum
Chemical compound
that rhamnolipids specifically are a key virulence determinant in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A variety of virulence factors were analysed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Rhamnolipid
Protein family
Virulence-related outer membrane proteins, or outer surface proteins (Osp) in some contexts, are expressed in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria
Virulence-related outer membrane protein family
Virulence-related_outer_membrane_protein_family
Contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2
X, a WHO term Law of declining virulence – Disproved hypothesis of epidemiologist Theobald Smith Theory of virulence – Theory by biologist Paul W. Ewald
COVID-19
Rabbit disease caused by Myxoma virus
caused by the myxoma virus. Different strains exist which vary in their virulence. The Californian strain, which is endemic to the West Coast of the United
Myxomatosis
Species of flowering plant
-G. (February 2013). "Effects of Withania somnifera on the growth and virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus at sub-MIC
Withania_somnifera
Disease bacteria of tomato family, others
effectors in strain GMI1000) strongly affects virulence of the pathogen. For example, GALA 7 is necessary for virulence on Medicago truncatula, hinting that T3E
Ralstonia_solanacearum
Moth mainly used in the production of silk
roles in full virulence of S. aureus. Another study by the same team of researchers revealed, for the first time, the role of YjbH in virulence and oxidative
Bombyx_mori
Family of viruses
natural hosts. There are eight genera in the family. Infection reduces the virulence of its parasitic host, making it a hyperparasite useful for blight control
Hypovirus
Species of bacterium
itself possesses few virulence factors, giving it the title of an opportunistic colonizer as opposed to a true pathogen. Virulence arises from its antibiotic
Corynebacterium_striatum
Chemical compound
siderophores produced by certain pseudomonads. Pyoverdines are important virulence factors, and are required for pathogenesis in many biological models of
Pyoverdine
Strains of bacteria
important as the understanding of clinical relevance. The infectivity or the virulence of an EHEC strain depends on several factors, including the presence of
Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Shigatoxigenic_and_verotoxigenic_Escherichia_coli
Toxin from bacteria that destroys or disrupts cells
outer membrane vesicles containing lipopolysaccharide endotoxin and some virulence proteins in the bounding membrane along with some other toxins as intra-vesicular
Exotoxin
Infection caused by pathogens that use mother-to-children transmission
in infection of newborns.[citation needed] In the spectrum of optimal virulence, vertical transmission tends to evolve benign symbiosis, so it is a critical
Vertically transmitted infection
Vertically_transmitted_infection
Patient and public engagement in health sector
unexposed, Preventable fraction for the population Other Clinical endpoint, Virulence, Infectivity, Mortality rate, Morbidity, Case fatality rate, Specificity
Patient and public involvement
Patient_and_public_involvement
Human and animal disease
usually infects goats and occasionally sheep. B. suis is of intermediate virulence and chiefly infects pigs. Symptoms include profuse sweating and joint
Brucellosis
Bacterial disease caused by the bacteria Salmonellosis
gram-negative bacteria in the Enterobacteriacae family. S Typhi contains virulence associated genes in pathogenicity islands that have genes such as Vi capsular
Enteric_fever
Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2
produced many strains (variants) with varying degrees of infectivity and virulence. COVID-19 vaccines were developed rapidly and deployed to the general
COVID-19_pandemic
Antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
products may be screened for the ability to suppress bacterial virulence factors too. Virulence factors are molecules, cellular structures and regulatory systems
Antibiotic
Species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis
several virulence genes. Depending on the location of the bacterium within the host organism, different activators up-regulate the virulence genes. Recent
Listeria_monocytogenes
Species of bacterium
species in the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) and is notable due to its virulence factors and inherent antibiotic resistance that render it a prominent
Burkholderia_cenocepacia
Species of bacterium
plasmid made up of ~105,412 base pairs that was found to carry major virulence genes such as Type III Secretion System genes. The lethality of these
Vibrio_harveyi
Biological ability to detect and respond to cell population density
coordinate their behaviors. Some common phenotypes include biofilm formation, virulence factor expression, and motility. Certain bacteria are able to use quorum
Quorum_sensing
Medical condition
EAEC are highly genetically heterogeneous, and the identification of virulence factors important for pathogenesis has proven difficult. Many EAEC encode
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
Enteroaggregative_Escherichia_coli
Mutually adaptive genetic change of a host and a parasite
possibility is of an evolutionary trade-off between transmission and virulence in the parasite, as if it kills its host too quickly, the parasite will
Host–parasite_coevolution
known to have characteristics with all genomic islands, which includes virulence genes, functional mobility elements, and areas of homology to tRNA genes
Pathogenicity_island
Genus of Gram-positive bacteria
to the acquisition of mobile genetic elements encoding resistance and virulence genes is helping to identify new outbreak strains and may even prevent
Staphylococcus
Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
the pathogen and the access to host regions that it gains the intrinsic virulence of the particular organism the quantity or load of the initial inoculant
Infection
Product of asexual budding reproduction in fungi
environmental conditions, and the dimorphic nature of Candida albicans is a major virulence factor. The conditions at which this organism exists as a yeast (commensal)
Blastoconidium
Pathogen's ability to infect hosts
the pathogen. Infectivity has been shown to positively correlate with virulence, in plants. This means that as a pathogen's ability to infect a greater
Infectivity
Toxin produced by bacteria
toxin is a virulence factor produced by some members of the genus Bordetella. Together with the pertussis toxin it is the most important virulence factor
Adenylate_cyclase_toxin
VIRULENCE
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VIRULENCE
n.
Virulence; deadly quality.
n.
any preparation used to render an organism immune to some disease, by inducing or increasing the natural immunity mechanisms. Prior to 1995, such preparations usually contained killed organisms of the type for which immunity was desired, and sometimes used live organisms having attenuated virulence. since that date, preparations containing only specific antigenic portions of the pathogenic organism are also used, some of which are prepared by genetic engineering techniques.
n.
Virulence; tendency to a fatal issue; as, the malignancy of an ulcer or of a fever.
a.
Conveying putrid poison; as, the virulence of septiferous matter.
n.
Desperation; virulence.
n.
Like a cancer; having the qualities or virulence of a cancer; affected with cancer.
n.
The process of weakening in intensity; diminution of virulence; as, the attenuation of virus.
n.
Alt. of Virulency