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Chemical compound
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German
Usnic_acid
Fermented tea beverage
found the hepatotoxin usnic acid in kombucha, although it is not known whether the cases of liver damage are due to usnic acid or to some other toxin
Kombucha
Species of deer
detoxifies usnic acid and may use it as an energy source. Unlike other bacteria present in the rumen, E. rangiferina can grow in the presence of usnic acid and
Reindeer
Genus of fungi
combination of traits including the presence of the cortical pigment usnic acid, and the microscopic structure of the upper cortex were sufficient criteria
Xanthoparmelia
Branch of mycology that studies lichens
substances II: Atranorin, gyrophoric acid, fumarprotocetraric acid, rhizocarpic acid, calycin, pulvinic dilactone and usnic acid". Journal of Molecular Structure
Lichenology
Species of lichen
described as a new species in 2012 by Dag Øvstedal. It contains both usnic acid and stictic acid as its main secondary metabolites (lichen products). "Lepraria
Lepraria_malouina
Symbiosis of fungi with algae
eating. Very few lichens are poisonous, but those high in vulpinic acid or usnic acid are toxic. Most poisonous lichens are yellow. In the past, Iceland
Lichen
Species of lichen
(and sometimes usnic acid in the soralia), and salazinic acid as a major component of the medulla, with minor amounts of consalazinic acid and protolichesterinic
Parmelia_fraudans
Species of cup lichen
properties, as many of the secondary metabolites are antimicrobial (e.g., Usnic acid), but it also has the unique distinction of being harvested and sold as
Cladonia_stellaris
Genus of lichens
bioindicators. According to Paul Bergner, Author of Medical Herbalism, "the usnic acid in Usnea is effective against gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus
Usnea
Chemical compound
is the copper salt of usnic acid. It has been used as an antimicrobial. Frankos VH (January 2005). "NTP nomination for usnic acid and Usnea barbata herb"
Copper_usnate
Species of lichen-forming fungus
vertical schist outcrop. It contains hypoprotocetraric acid, 4-O-demethylnotatic acid, usnic acid, and several minor unidentified secondary metabolites
Xanthoparmelia_karooensis
Class of enzymes
enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (S)-usnic acid precursor + NAD+ H+ H+ (S)-usnic acid + NADH The enzyme converts the precursor
(S)-usnate_reductase
Genus of lichen-forming fungi
varying combinations of atranorin, alectoronic acid, α-collatolic acid, barbatic acid and usnic acid. Species of Alectoria are pendent "hair" lichens
Alectoria_(fungus)
Chemical compound found in some lichens
where it exists alongside other lichen acids including usnic acid and perlatolic acid. In C. stellaris, olivetoric acid is typically present in its methyl
Olivetoric_acid
Study of the relationship between lichens and humans
lichens include those high in vulpinic acid or usnic acid. Most (but not all) lichens that contain vulpinic acid are yellow, so any yellow lichen should
Ethnolichenology
Type of biological molecule
uoromethylbenzimidazole) Malonoben (tyrphostin A9, SF-6847, AG17) (+)-usnic acid XCT-790 mitoFluo (10-[2-(3-hydroxy-6-oxo-xanthen-9-yl)benzoyl]oxydecy
Uncoupler
Lichen-derived depside
macaronesica. In Cladonia stellaris, usnic acid is concentrated in the outermost layer, whereas perlatolic acid occurs in the medulla. In a climate-chamber
Perlatolic_acid
Species of lichen-forming fungus
grows mainly on soil. Like other yellow members of its group, it contains usnic acid, a compound that contributes to its colour. Allocetraria ambigua was first
Allocetraria_ambigua
Chemical test for identifying lichens
atranorin and thamnolic acid), and many β-orcinol depsidones. In contrast, xanthones, pulvinic acid derivatives, and usnic acid do not have any reaction
Spot_test_(lichen)
Species of crustose lichen
compounds found in Lecanora achroa are atranorin, 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid, and usnic acid. Species with a similar morphology include Lecanora helva and Lecanora
Lecanora_achroa
Chemical compound
(1998). "The Influence of pH and Lichen Metabolites (Vulpinic Acid and (+)-Usnic Acid) on the Growth of the Lichen Photobiont Trebouxia irregularis"
Vulpinic_acid
Species of lichen-forming fungus
chromatography shows that the species contains usnic acid, and sometimes boninic acid and protocetraric acids. The photobiont partner is dispersed in irregular
Ramalina_geniculatella
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Acharius and placed in Allocetraria in 1996, it contains usnic acid and protolichesterinic acid. Some populations are highly localised, including records
Allocetraria_madreporiformis
Species of lichen
the presence of specific secondary metabolites including usnic acid and protolichinestrinic acid in its tissues. The lichen was first named and scientifically
Parmotrema_xanthinum
Species of lichen
thallus with a diameter of up to 10 cm (4 in). It contains usnic acid and protocetraric acid. The lichen shares many characteristics with the cosmopolitan
Flavoparmelia_plicata
Species of lichen-forming fungus
that year. Ramalina subfarinacea is known to contain both stictic acid and usnic acid. List of Ramalina species "Ramalina subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.)
Ramalina_subfarinacea
Species of lichen
amounts of usnic acid and stictic acid, and minor amounts of constictic acid, norstictic acid, cryptostictic acid, lobaric acid, stenosporonic acid, lichesterinic
Xanthoparmelia_lobuliferella
Species of lichen
the presence of salazinic acid, the main secondary compound found in the lichen. It also has consalazinic acid and usnic acid. List of Xanthoparmelia species
Xanthoparmelia_salazinica
Species of lichen
bifusiform shape and measure 0.5 by 5–6 μm. The lichen makes protocetraric acid, usnic acid, and skyrin; it is named for this later substance. List of Xanthoparmelia
Xanthoparmelia_skyrinifera
Genus of fungi
lacks rhizines, a negative test for lichenan, and a high concentration of usnic acid and atranorin in the cortex. Psiloparmelia was circumscribed by Mason
Psiloparmelia
Natural organic compounds derived from a [C(O)–CH2] chain
lowering agent lovastatin Discodermolide Aflatoxin Usnic acid Anthracimycin Anthramycin Olivetolic acid (intermediate in cannabinoid pathways) Colibactin
Polyketide
Species of lichen
to that of the more common green phycotype, except for the absence of usnic acid in the blue-green. The cephalodia of N. arcticum can occasionally grow
Nephroma_arcticum
Species of fungus
and notably suppresses the production of host defensive compounds like usnic acid. While initially misclassified due to its unusual characteristics, modern
Biatoropsis_usnearum
Species of lichen found in the United States
Europe. Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla is known to contain menegazziaic acid and usnic acid. List of Xanthoparmelia species NatureServe. "Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla"
Xanthoparmelia_angustiphylla
Genus of fungi
Psoroma. Characteristics of Xanthopsoroma species include the production of usnic acid and a series of distinct triterpenes as well as showing morphological
Xanthopsoroma
Species of lichen
reproductive structures (soralia), and the presence of usnic acid in its outer layer and stictic acid group compounds in its inner layer. The lichen is primarily
Usnea_krogiana
Species of lichen
beyond the lobe margin. Chemical tests reveal the presence of usnic acid, fumarprotocetraric acid, and several other trace compounds. As of its original publication
Xanthoparmelia_nodulosa
Genus of lichens
another type of reproductive structure. The thallus contains usnic acid and gyrophoric acid. In addition to these, the apothecia contain parietin. Buellia
Usnochroma
Species of lichen
made up 1.9% of Evernia esorediosa's dry weight. Furthermore it contains usnic acid. Specimens have been found in Japan, Russia, the United States of America
Evernia_esorediosa
Genus of lichens
presence of stictic acid was likely a misidentification for salazinic acid and that of atranorin was a misidentification of usnic acid. The mold-like condition
Vermilacinia
Genus of fungi
pigments, show distinct ecological preferences compared to pale yellow-green usnic acid-containing hair lichens. Research on coniferous forests in British Columbia
Bryoria
Index of chemical compounds with the same molecular formula
flavonol Santin (molecule), a flavonol Scillavone A, a homoisoflavone Usnic acid, a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen
C18H16O7
Species of lichen-forming fungus
equal amounts of microphyllinic acid and normicrophyllinic acid, usnic acid, and trace amounts of 4-O-methylolivetoric acid. List of Xanthoparmelia species
Xanthoparmelia_ceresensis
Examples include: furazolidone nifuratel nimorazole ornidazole tinidazole usnic acid Antitrichomonal+Agents at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical
Antitrichomonal_agent
Genus of lichen
presence of the secondary metabolites pulvinic acid and vulpinic acid, compounds that when combined with usnic acid, give the species their characteristic yellow
Vulpicida
Species of lichen
corresponds to the former Lecanora symmicta species group. It contains usnic acid and zeorin as lichen products; all standard chemical spot tests on the
Zeora_helmutii
Species of lichen
chromatography (TLC) analysis shows the lichen contains usnic acid and angardianic/roccellic acid. These two fatty acids cannot be separated using TLC, and therefore
Rhizoplaca_ouimetensis
Genus of lichen-forming fungi
share similar secondary metabolites (lichen products), commonly including usnic acid and zeorin. The name Zeora was introduced by the Swedish mycologist Elias
Zeora
Species of lichen-forming fungus
and has a chemistry dominated by unidentified triterpenoids, along with usnic acid. It occurs from Mexico through the tropical Andes to Brazil and Argentina
Usnea_moreliana
Genus of lichen-forming fungi
fruiting bodies. The genus contains usnic acid as its main secondary metabolite, with most species also producing psoromic acid. It has a scattered distribution
Straminella
Species of lichen
5 mm wide, with rotund, black-rimmed tips. It contains protocetraric acid, usnic acid and skyrin. List of Xanthoparmelia species "Xanthoparmelia subochracea
Xanthoparmelia_subochracea
Species of lichen-forming fungus
farinacea has four distinct chemotypes (chemical variants), all containing usnic acid in the medulla and soralia. These chemotypes can be distinguished by their
Ramalina_farinacea
Genus of lichen-forming fungi
surface crust. Chemically, they are characterised by usnic acid or the related compound isousnic acid. The genus was validated in 2025 following a molecular
Lecanoropsis
Species of lichen-forming fungus
undersurface that lacks rhizines. The lichen contains stictic acid, constictic acid, and usnic acid. List of Xanthoparmelia species "Xanthoparmelia lobulifera
Xanthoparmelia_lobulifera
Secondary metabolite made by a lichen
of lichen products include usnic acid (a dibenzofuran), atranorin (a depside), lichexanthone (a xanthone), salazinic acid (a depsidone), and isolichenan
Lichen_product
Species of lichen-forming fungus
forests. Chemically, the cortex contains usnic acid, while the medulla may contain compounds of the sekikaic acid complex or lack additional substances.
Ramalina_calicaris
Species of lichen
overlapping, and measure 2–4 mm wide. The lichen contains protocetraric acid, usnic acid, and skyrin. List of Xanthoparmelia species "Xanthoparmelia subcolorata
Xanthoparmelia_subcolorata
Species of lichen-forming fungus
ecology. A later taxonomic revision placed Lecanora jamesii among the usnic acid-containing members of the Lecanora subfusca group, and emphasized that
Lecanora_jamesii
Species of lichen
present, while other lichen substances are rarely evident except for usnic acid, which is generally present in all species of Vermilacinia. Occasionally
Vermilacinia_corrugata
Single-species fungal genus
shape, and have a single septum (internal partition). The genus produces usnic acid, a secondary metabolite commonly found in lichen that lends a yellowish
Namibialina
Species of lichen
bifusiform shape and measure 0.5 by 5–6 μm. The lichen contains salazinic acid, usnic acid, and skyrin. List of Xanthoparmelia species "Xanthoparmelia surrogata
Xanthoparmelia_surrogata
Species of hair lichen
sarmentosa, characterized by its pale yellow-green coloration due to usnic acid, shows distinct ecological preferences from darker melanic hair lichens
Alectoria_sarmentosa
Species of lichen
somewhat muriform. Lichen products found in Badimia multiseptata include usnic acid and zeorin. This lichen species has been observed in several collections
Badimia_multiseptata
Chemical compound found in some lichens
Carolina. In this species, grayanic acid is a major metabolite, found with usnic acid and rhodocladonic acid. Grayanic acid is also a major secondary metabolite
Grayanic_acid
Chemical compound found in some lichens
lichen substances by mycobionts of lichens. Isolation of (+) usnic acid and salazinic acid from mycobionts of Ramalina spp". Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Salazinic_acid
Species of lichen-forming fungus
distinguished from related lichens by its unique chemistry, including traces of usnic acid, and its cottony texture that forms patches up to 1 centimetre across
Roccellinastrum_flavescens
Species of lichen
and its medullary chemistry. It contains usnic acid (minor), protocetraric acid (major), and virensic acid (trace). While X. stuartioides resembles X
Xanthoparmelia_stuartioides
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Thin-layer chromatography shows that the species contains usnic acid, norstictic acid, and connorstictic acid. The photobiont partner is dispersed in irregular
Ramalina_rigidella
Species of lichen
anthraquinone pigment, and a depside compound related to diffractaic acid and usnic acid. List of Xanthoparmelia species "Xanthoparmelia ochropulchra Hale"
Xanthoparmelia_ochropulchra
Species of lichen
contains salazinic acid as a major lichen product, minor amounts of usnic acid and norstictic acid, and trace amounts of consalazinic acid. List of Xanthoparmelia
Xanthoparmelia_boyeri
Species of lichen found in the USA and Mexico
Xanthoparmelia ajoensis has been recorded as containing usnic acid, 3-α-hydroxybarbatic acid, and diffractaic acid. List of Xanthoparmelia species NatureServe. "Xanthoparmelia
Xanthoparmelia_ajoensis
Species of lichen-forming fungus
of its more or less green thallus and apothecia and its production of usnic acid. It is set apart from other saxicolous members of this group by a combination
Lecanora_nohedensis
Species of fungus
KC+ yellowish, C− (usnic acid). Medulla, PD+ red-orange, K−, KC+ pink, C− (protocetraric acid, with or without gyrophoric acid). On rock in shaded or
Flavoparmelia_baltimorensis
Species of saxicolous lichen
refers to the presence of alectoronic acid in the medulla. This presence of this compound, as well as usnic acid in its cortex, is a rare combination in
Parmotrema_alectoronicum
Species of lichen-fungus
This lichen contains usnic acid as its primary secondary metabolite (lichen product), sometimes accompanied by an evernic acid complex. In the East Asian
Ramalina_pollinaria
Species of lichen
stictic acid and constictic acid as major metabolites, minor amounts of usnic acid, and trace amounts of norstictic acid and cryptostictic acid. List of
Xanthoparmelia waboomsbergensis
Xanthoparmelia_waboomsbergensis
Species of lichen
its margins, and its chemical composition featuring usnic acid, salazinic acid and norstictic acid. It is distinguishable from similar species by its spotted
Xanthoparmelia_rankinensis
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Secondary compounds occurring in the lichen include atranorin, ursolic acid, and usnic acid. Pulchrocladia ferdinandii has an Australian distribution. It has
Pulchrocladia_ferdinandii
Species of lichen
lichenologist Edvard August Vainio. The lichen contains (in addition to usnic acid) diffractaic acid as the main secondary compound. Usnea vainioi grows in clusters
Usnea_vainioi
Species of lichen-forming fungus
placodioid lichen. The color of the greenish yellow thallus is derived from usnic acid in the cortex. The lichen grows on steep surfaces of hard siliceous rock
Dimelaena_oreina
Species of lichen
barbatic acid (sometimes accompanied by 4-O-demethylbarbatic acid), with some populations also containing thamnolic and didymic acids. Rarely, usnic acid has
Cladonia_floerkeana
Species of lichen
also produces a characteristic suite of secondary metabolites—atranorin, usnic acid and isoarthothelin—that aid chemical identification. The species was formally
Lecanora_ulrikii
Species of lichen
presence of usnic acid (minor), atranorin (trace), protocetraric acid (major), virensic acid (minor), and trace amounts of fumarprotocetraric acid, conprotocetraric
Xanthoparmelia_inopinata
Species of lichen
It does not fluoresce under UV light. The lichen contains usnic acid and protocetraric acid. Xanthoparmelia beccae grows on soil and rocks in dusty areas
Xanthoparmelia_beccae
Species of lichen
with its yellow colouration resulting from the presence of calycin and usnic acid. Apothecia (fruiting bodies) are common and typically concentrated in
Lecanora_solaris
Species of lichen
species is chemically characterised by the presence of usnic acid and zeorin, with traces of isousnic acid. This lichen grows on bark and occasionally on soil
Lepraria_leuckertiana
Species of lichen-forming fungus
constipatic acid, various associated fatty acids, and usnic acid. The black undersurface of the thallus is an unusual trait for fatty acid-containing Xanthoparmelia
Xanthoparmelia_aliphatica
Species of lichen
secondary metabolites (lichen products): protocetraric acid, stictic acid, constictic acid, and usnic acid. List of Xanthoparmelia species "Xanthoparmelia indumenica
Xanthoparmelia_indumenica
Chemical compound
Zopf initially found it alongside usnic acid and noticed that while it showed similarities to lichesterinic acid in some properties, it differed significantly
Protolichesterinic_acid
Species of lichen
is gray and lacks the yellow-green tones that is seen in lichens with usnic acid. There are no asexual structures (soredia, isidia), but there are apothecia
Parmotrema_perforatum
Genus of lichen
distinct taxon. However, A. aleuritica was later determined to be an usnic acid-deficient chemotype of A. centrifuga and was formally synonymized by Stephen
Arctoparmelia
Species of lichen
linear lobes that are 0.4–0.6 mm wide. It contains norstictic acid, salazinic acid, and usnic acid. Xanthoparmelia olifantensis is somewhat similar to X. minuta
Xanthoparmelia_olifantensis
Species of lichen
pale lower surface, and its chemical composition that includes usnic acid and norstictic acid. The species typically co-occurs with other lichens including
Xanthoparmelia_fracticollis
Species of lichen
6–10 cm (2.4–3.9 in) broad. It contains hypoprotocetraric acid, 4-O-methylnotatic acid, and usnic acid. List of Xanthoparmelia species "Xanthoparmelia tablensis
Xanthoparmelia_tablensis
Species of lichen
It contains several lichen acids (secondary metabolites): stictic, constictic, cryptostictic, constipatic and usnic acids, as well as trace amounts of
Xanthoparmelia_treurensis
Species of lichen-forming fungus
contains norstictic acid, salazinic acid, consalazinic acid, usnic acid, and trace amounts of pyrophoric acid and protoconstipatic acid. List of Xanthoparmelia
Xanthoparmelia_minuta
Species of lichen
1 in) in diameter. It contains stictic acid, constictic acid, usnic acid, and trace amounts of norstictic acid. The species epithet alludes to the isidia
Xanthoparmelia_pustulifera
Species of lichen
Xanthoparmelia stenophylla was established. Xanthoparmelia stenophylla contains usnic acid which gives its upper cortex a yellowish appearance, though its colouration
Xanthoparmelia_stenophylla
Species of lichen
Xanthoparmelia serusiauxii contains the secondary compounds lecanoric acid and usnic acid. Other Xanthoparmelia species that commonly occur in the same area
Xanthoparmelia_serusiauxii
USNIC ACID
USNIC ACID
Girl/Female
Latin
Named for Venus.
Male
English
 English form of Welsh Kai, KAY means "lord." In Arthurian legend, this is the name of one of the first Knights of the Round Table. He was the son of Sir Ector, the foster brother of King Arthur, and is noted for having an acid tongue and boorish behavior, but mostly for trying to take credit when Arthur pulled the sword from the stone. Compare with another form of Kay.Â
USNIC ACID
USNIC ACID
USNIC ACID
USNIC ACID
USNIC ACID
USNIC ACID
USNIC ACID