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Aerodynamic phenomenon
tubercle effect is a phenomenon where tubercles or large 'bumps' on the leading edge of an airfoil can improve its aerodynamics. The tubercle effect works
Tubercle_effect
Rounded outgrowth found on external or internal organs of plants or animals
In anatomy, a tubercle (literally 'small tuber', Latin for 'lump') is any round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on external or internal
Tubercle
Area at the bottom of the forebrain
The olfactory tubercle (OT), also known as the tuberculum olfactorium, is a multi-sensory processing center that is contained within the olfactory cortex
Olfactory_tubercle
Large baleen whale species
primary prey. The tubercles on the flippers stall the angle of attack, which both maximizes lift and minimizes drag (see tubercle effect). This, along with
Humpback_whale
Visible body parts at the mouth
is a tubercle known by various terms including the procheilon (also spelled prochilon), the "tuberculum labii superioris", and the "labial tubercle". The
Lip
Platform board used in the sport of surfing
In 2004 Frank Fish introduced the world to Whale Bumps with their Tubercle effect. Several fin manufacturers tried making some fins at that time, after
Surfboard
End of the penis
develops as the terminal end of the genital tubercle during the embryonic development of the male fetus. The tubercle is present in the embryos of both sexes
Glans_penis
Inflammation of the patellar ligament
may give comfort and help reduce pain as it reduces strain on the tibial tubercle. Surgical excision may rarely be required in people who have stopped growing
Osgood–Schlatter_disease
Bone structure of the thorax
a rough elevation and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much more prominent in the upper ribs than in the lower ribs
Rib_cage
Area between the torso and the thigh
thigh. The groin is at the front of the body on either side of the pubic tubercle, where the lower part of the abdominal wall meets the thigh. A fold or
Groin
Bacterium that causes tuberculosis
tuberculosis virulence in animal models. M. tuberculosis, then known as the "tubercle bacillus", was first described on 24 March 1882 by Robert Koch, who subsequently
Mycobacterium_tuberculosis
Region of the basal forebrain
preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle collectively form the ventral striatum. The ventral striatum and dorsal
Nucleus_accumbens
Reproductive system of the human male
are masculinized by secretions of the testes: urogenital sinus genital tubercle urogenital folds cloacal membrane labioscrotal folds The prostate gland
Male_reproductive_system
Brain pathway
The ventral striatum includes the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle. The release of dopamine from the mesolimbic pathway into the nucleus accumbens
Mesolimbic_pathway
Projection neurons in the brain that synthesize and release dopamine
ventral striatum (VTA → Ventral striatum [nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle]). When a reward is anticipated, the firing rate of dopamine neurons in
Dopaminergic_pathways
Bone that connects the humerus and clavicle
and attach to the coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, and spine of the scapula. These muscles
Scapula
Protein-coding gene in humans
Ciliogenesis And Planar Polarity Effector 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CPLANE1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197603 – Ensembl
CPLANE1
Part of the female reproductive tract
(Müllerian ducts) enter the back wall of the urogenital sinus as the sinus tubercle. As the plate grows, it significantly separates the cervix and the urogenital
Vagina
Visible part of the ear that is outside the head
deformity, a hooded superior helix preauricular pit preauricular tag Darwin's tubercle, protuberance on the anterior helix hypertrichosis, including hypertrichosis
Auricle_(anatomy)
Vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis
See § "Two varieties of the tubercle bacillus from mammals." pp. 149-161. Smith T (1896). "Two varieties of the tubercle bacillus from mammals". Transactions
BCG_vaccine
Muscle between the lower spine and the shoulder blade
triangular surface on the medial end of the spine, to be inserted into a tubercle at the apex of this smooth triangular surface. At its occipital origin
Trapezius
Intense physical sensation of sexual release
consistency (an effect driven by the women who never had a vaginal orgasm), than less prominent lip tubercle categories." Lip tubercle was not associated
Orgasm
German physician and bacteriologist (1843–1910)
previously blue-stained cell nuclei and detritus became brown, while the tubercle bacilli remained a beautiful blue. There was no particular reaction to
Robert_Koch
Paired ducts in the mammalian embryo in the primitive urogenital structures
down the lateral sides of the genital ridge, and terminate at the sinus tubercle in the primitive urogenital sinus. In humans, they form in the embryo during
Paramesonephric_duct
Retractable fold of skin which covers and protects the glans of the penis
the early weeks of pregnancy, known as the genital tubercle. Initially undifferentiated, the tubercle develops into a penis depending on the exposure to
Foreskin
Erectile female sexual organ
outgrowth in the embryo called the genital tubercle. In the absence of testosterone, the genital tubercle allows for the formation of the clitoris; the
Clitoris
Features that occur in an organism at sexual maturity
maxillary teeth of male spikethumb frogs. Male fish develop "nuptial tubercles", mainly on their snouts, in the breeding season. These are an honest
Secondary_sex_characteristic
Sensory system used for smelling
(posterior orbitofrontal cortex), amygdala, olfactory tubercle, and parahippocampal gyrus. The olfactory tubercle connects to numerous areas of the amygdala, thalamus
Olfactory_system
Solid object used in fluid mechanics
flow separation, and stall (see Bird flight, Fin, Airfoil, Placoid scale, Tubercle, Vortex generator, Canard (close-coupled), Blown flap, Leading edge slot
Foil_(fluid_mechanics)
Folds near the larynx
a cuneiform cartilage which forms a whitish prominence, the cuneiform tubercle.[citation needed] The aryepiglottic folds contain the aryepiglottic muscles
Aryepiglottic_fold
Part of the body
of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus. There are also three other ligaments attaching the lesser tubercle of the humerus to lateral scapula
Shoulder
Structure of human wrist
flexor retinaculum is attached to the scaphoid bone, more precisely its tubercle, as well as the ridge of trapezium. On the ulnar side, it is attached to
Carpal_tunnel
Very fine, bright yellow sulfur powder that is produced by sublimation and deposition
other diseases. Flowers of sulfur is seen to inhibit bacterial growth in tubercle bacilli, and S. aureus, and C. hominis. More recent sources also show that
Flowers_of_sulfur
Species of moth
bodies with faint green stripes. They have two large dark-green to black tubercles on the second thoracic segment and three rows of smaller spines, or setae
Dryocampa_rubicunda
depressor anguli oris 2 1 depressor anguli oris head, mouth (left/right) tubercle of mandible modiolus of mouth facial artery facial nerve [CNVII], mandibular
List of skeletal muscles of the human body
List_of_skeletal_muscles_of_the_human_body
Species of moth
colors ranging from green to brown. Well camouflaged, they have rows of tubercles crowned with whorls of easily detachable spines of different sizes. Caterpillars
Lonomia_obliqua
First digit of the hand
inserted onto the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb. It uses the dorsal tubercle on the lower extremity of the radius as a fulcrum to extend the thumb and
Thumb
Evolutionary process
basicranial feature in Homo erectus: Anatomical description of the preglenoid tubercle". The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist. 274 (1): 148–56. doi:10
Human_evolution
Family of insects
spindle-shaped with small heads and 12 body segments. They have rings of tubercles (warty outgrowths) known as pseudopods around the segments, and also bands
Tabanidae
Organ of hearing and balance
fairly smooth configuration on its posterior surface. A tubercle, known as Darwin's tubercle, is sometimes present, lying in the descending part of the
Ear
Abilities of copper to kill or stop the growth of microorganisms
Torulopsis utilis) is completely inhibited at 0.04 g/L copper concentrations. Tubercle bacillus is inhibited by copper as simple cations or complex anions in
Antimicrobial properties of copper
Antimicrobial_properties_of_copper
Aponeurosis of the sole of the foot
aspect of the Achilles to the origin of the plantar fascia at the calcaneal tubercle. However, the continuity of this connection decreases with age to a point
Plantar_fascia
Class of lobe-finned fishes
ganoine or cosmine. These scales are either ornamented with denticles, tubercles or ridges capped with enamel. Coelacanths also retain an oil-filled notochord
Coelacanth
Chemical compound
I), Streptococcus viridans, and Mycobacterium bovis (original citation: tubercle bacilli Ravenel bovine-type). Further, the inactivation of H1N1 influenza
Triethylene_glycol
Mammals of the family Leporidae
maintains libido and creates secondary sex characteristics such as the genital tubercle and penis. The Sertoli cells triggers the production of Anti-Müllerian
Rabbit
Medical condition
epicondyle, adductor tubercle, and gastrocnemius tubercle. The medial epicondyle is the most distal and anterior prominence. The adductor tubercle is just proximal
Medial_knee_injuries
Partial collapse of a lung causing reduced gas exchange
squamous cell carcinoma) or compressing from the outside (tumor, lymph node, tubercle). Another cause is poor surfactant spreading during inspiration, causing
Atelectasis
One of the two long bones of the forearm
radius forms two palpable points, radially the styloid process and Lister's tubercle on the ulnar side. Along with the proximal and distal radioulnar articulations
Radius_(bone)
Protein found in humans
Saarialho-Kere U (August 2004). "Transgenic mouse models support HCR as an effector gene in the PSORS1 locus". Hum. Mol. Genet. 13 (15): 1551–61. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddh178
CCHCR1
Medication
Council Study". Tubercle. 61 (2): 59–69. doi:10.1016/0041-3879(80)90012-4. PMID 6159711. Spaia S, Magoula I, Tsapas G, Vayonas G (2000). "Effect of pyrazinamide
Pyrazinamide
Clade of insects
for breathing. They have no legs but move within the cell, helped by tubercles on their sides. They have short horns on the head, jaws for chewing food
Bee
Group of neurons on the floor of the midbrain
projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens-olfactory tubercle complex. First, the posteromedial VTA and central linear raphe cells selectively
Ventral_tegmental_area
Species of plant
hard, gummy shell with small pimples surrounded with hard, hexagonal tubercles. The large and variously shaped fruit have a length of 30 to 100 cm (10
Jackfruit
Hard keratin protection of digit
of distal phalanges (fingertip bones), and reduced flexor and extensor tubercles (attachment areas for finger muscles on bones). This suggests that whereas
Nail_(anatomy)
Organic chemical that functions both as a hormone and a neurotransmitter
projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens-olfactory tubercle complex". Brain Research Reviews. 56 (1): 27–78. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev
Dopamine
Human traits which lost their original function through evolution
features, such as the node or point on the helix of the ear known as Darwin's tubercle which is found in around 10% of the population. The plica semilunaris is
Human_vestigiality
Organ found in humans and other animals
blockers, amiodarone, or digoxin), or modify the autonomic nervous system's effect on the heart (beta blockers and atropine). In some arrhythmias such as atrial
Heart
Organ system for circulating blood in animals
muscle Valves Cusps Atrioventricular septum Cardiac skeleton Intervenous tubercle Chambers Right heart (Venae cavae and coronary sinus) → Right atrium (atrial
Circulatory_system
Joint between the wrist and hand
intracapsular ligament originating on the palmar tubercle of the trapezium to be inserted on the palmar tubercle of the first metacarpal. It is taut in abduction
Carpometacarpal_joint
Genus of trees
with its thick, leathery rind closely set with conical, blunt-tipped tubercles or thick, fleshy, straight spines, which are up to 1 cm long. There may
Pulasan
Swiss pharmacologist (1925–2011)
the interaction between phagocytes and tubercle bacilli. II. The action of phagocytes upon C14-labelled tubercle bacilli". J. Exp. Med. 104 (1): 137–50
Hartmann_F._Stähelin
Skin condition characterized by pimples
He used the term "psydracia achne" to describe small, red, and hard tubercles that altered a person's facial appearance during adolescence and were
Acne
Nucleus in the basal ganglia of the brain
The ventral striatum consists of the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle. The dorsal striatum consists of the caudate nucleus and the putamen. A
Striatum
Class of compounds in the nervous system
impulse-mediated dopamine release in the striatum, substantia nigra, and olfactory tubercle; norepinephrine release from the locus coeruleus; and/or serotonin release
Monoaminergic activity enhancer
Monoaminergic_activity_enhancer
Abnormal inward turning of the knees when straightening the legs
line drawn from the center of the patella to the center of the tibial tubercle. In women, the Q angle should be less than 22 degrees with the knee in
Genu_valgum
Infectious disease
existence of tubercles in the lung is the cause and constitutes the unique anatomical characteristic of pulmonary tuberculosis (a). (a) ... the effect from which
Tuberculosis
Order of insects including praying mantises
spines are preceded by a number of tooth-like tubercles, which, along with a similar series of tubercles along the tibia and the apical claw near its tip
Mantis
Anatomical region between the torso and the legs
fasciae latae; the part of adductor magnus inserted into the adductor tubercle; and, with the leg abducted also the pectineus. Extension or retroversion
Hip
Species of gastropod
terminating in a single tubercle. This rib is paralleled by a shallow furrow terminating in a notch just below the tubercle, and by an exterior or outer
Tegula_regina
Medical intervention for sleep-related breathing disorders
region).[citation needed] Genioglossus advancement (GA) also known as genial tubercle advancement (GTA), is a procedure that pulls the base of the tongue forward
Sleep_surgery
Central organ of the human nervous system
The ventral striatum consists of the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle whereas the dorsal striatum consists of the caudate nucleus and the putamen
Human_brain
Species of gastropod
a shell that can be either colored white or purple with rows of dark tubercles. The mouth has a shade color of light violet with toothlike projections
Morula_uva
Genus of praying mantises
of a shorter or longer conical tubercle on top of each eye in all Acanthops species. Note that such ocular tubercles also occur in various other mantid
Acanthops
Disorder involving pauses in breathing during sleep
implanted. Base-of-tongue advancement by means of advancing the genial tubercle of the mandible, tongue suspension, or hyoid suspension (aka hyoid myotomy
Sleep_apnea
Species of cartilaginous fish
tail. The skin is smooth with a scattering of conical and ridge-shaped tubercles. The colouring of the dorsal (upper) surface is black, dark brown, or
Giant_oceanic_manta_ray
Protein quality method
(March 2002). "The nutritional quality of an infant food from quinoa and its effect on the plasma level of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in undernourished
Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score
Digestible_Indispensable_Amino_Acid_Score
Species of true bug
of the way down, T. salignus displays a defining single large conical tubercle or bump that resembles a thorn which can grow to 0.2-0.3 mm. Closer to
Tuberolachnus_salignus
Genus of plants
may be brick-red. Each seed is a three-sided achene, often with a round tubercle on one or all three sides.[citation needed] The genus was first described
Rumex
Species of bat
single short phalanx, and the humerus has an increased number of locking tubercles on its head and beyond. There is a considerable fusion in the axial skeleton
Kitti's_hog-nosed_bat
Chemical compound
nervous system (CNS), including in the striatum, cerebral cortex, olfactory tubercle, hippocampus, septum, thalamus, and periaqueductal gray, as well as the
Met-enkephalin
Species of fish
the skin covered with scales modified into tiny star-shaped plates or tubercles (thus both the common name and species epithet), resulting in a rough
Starry_flounder
Group of subcortical nuclei involved in the motor and reward systems
and putamen) and the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle), the globus pallidus, the ventral pallidum, the substantia nigra, and
Basal_ganglia
Species of gastropod
Each junction of an axial rib and a spiral keel is marked by a tubercle The tubercles of the first and second keel belonging to the same axial rib are
Chrysallida_dux
Species of snake
smooth scales with 15–17 scale rows at midbody. Males typically have small tubercles on their scales just anterior to the vent, which are usually absent in
Ring-necked_snake
Carcharodontosaurid dinosaur genus from the Cretaceous period
than 0.5. The blade of the scapula had parallel borders, and a strong tubercle for insertion of the triceps muscle. The coracoid was small and hook-shaped
Giganotosaurus
Disease treatment
(April 1995). "Study of the effect of concomitant food on the bioavailability of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide". Tubercle and Lung Disease. 76 (2):
Management_of_tuberculosis
Endocrine gland in the neck
laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery, is called Zuckerkandl's tubercle. Other variants include a levator muscle of thyroid gland, connecting the
Thyroid
Pipe made predominantly from gray cast iron
solution. The iron combines with various components in the water, forming a tubercle on the pipe interior. This process of tuberculation can eventually cause
Cast_iron_pipe
Immunological test for tuberculosis
required to confirm active infection. Tuberculin is a glycerol extract of the tubercle bacillus. Purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin is a precipitate
Mantoux_test
Species of spider
2 in). The abdomen is truncated and patterned with various irregular tubercles and granulations. The front pair of legs are uneven in appearance with
Uloborus_plumipes
Family of reptiles
in a species-specific pattern in their skull tubercles, and in Brookesia there is also some in tubercles on the body. The fluorescence is derived from
Chameleon
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
sulfate or chondroitin sulfate chains to domains I and V could have an effect on the differentiation of mesenchymal tissues into cartilage, bone or any
Perlecan
Species of gastropod
by dissecting the reproductive anatomy. The foot-fringe is black, the tubercles are large and elongate, and the sole is blackish grey. The atrium and
Arion_ater
Subfamily of freshwater fishes
mild if present, with males often being slightly smaller, developing tubercles on their head, and/or possessing brighter coloration, though reliable
Torinae
Species of crab
wide carapaces, or protective shell-coverings, over their bodies. Their tubercles, or the bodily projections on their shells, are moderately enclosed in
Chionoecetes_opilio
Species of fish
spot. Breeding adults have numerous large pointed tubercles on the top of their heads, smaller tubercles on their pectoral fins and a red or orange spot
Hornyhead_chub
Chemical compound
inhibitors of dopamine uptake in rat striatum, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, and medial prefrontal cortex". Brain Research. 520 (1–2): 303–309. doi:10
Amfonelic_acid
Compression of the median nerve in the wrist
of the base of the palm, bounded by the bony prominence of the scaphoid tubercle and trapezium at the base of the thumb, and the hamate hook that can be
Carpal_tunnel_syndrome
Order of stick and leaf insects
to resemble vegetation, with ridges resembling leaf veins, bark-like tubercles, and other forms of camouflage. A few species, such as Carausius morosus
Phasmatodea
Examples of separate lineages of organisms developing similar characteristics
(hence the order Carnivora). Multituberculates (named for the multiple tubercles on their "molars") are often called the "rodents of the Mesozoic", due
List of examples of convergent evolution
List_of_examples_of_convergent_evolution
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