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Quantity relating heat flux and temperature difference
In thermodynamics, the heat transfer coefficient or film coefficient, or film effectiveness, is the proportionality constant between the heat flux and
Heat_transfer_coefficient
Topics referred to by the same term
Transfer coefficient may refer to: Heat transfer coefficient Mass transfer coefficient Charge transfer coefficient Transfer coefficients which take the
Transfer_coefficient
Rate constant in engineering
In engineering, the mass transfer coefficient is a diffusion rate constant that relates the mass transfer rate, mass transfer area, and concentration change
Mass_transfer_coefficient
Two related parameters used in description of the kinetics of electrochemical reactions
Charge transfer coefficient, and symmetry factor (symbols α and β, respectively) are two related parameters used in description of the kinetics of electrochemical
Charge_transfer_coefficient
Heat transfer due to the movement of fluid
The constant of proportionality is the heat transfer coefficient. The law applies when the coefficient is independent, or relatively independent, of
Convection_(heat_transfer)
Physical law relating heat loss to temperature difference
environment. The coefficient of this linear relationship is called heat transfer coefficient (the linearity assumes the coefficient is a constant). The
Newton's_law_of_cooling
Nondimensional heat transfer coefficient
a nondimensionalization of the convective heat transfer coefficient. Like the heat transfer coefficient, the Nusselt number may be defined locally, at
Nusselt_number
Measure of inequality of a statistical distribution
coefficient as a measure of inequality of income or wealth. For OECD countries in the late 20th century, considering the effect of taxes and transfer
Gini_coefficient
Method of calculating heat transfer in flow systems
exchanger with constant area and heat transfer coefficient, the larger the LMTD, the more heat is transferred. The use of the LMTD arises straightforwardly
Logarithmic mean temperature difference
Logarithmic_mean_temperature_difference
Exchange of mass, energy, and momentum between observed and studied systems
substituting into this equation the definitions of the heat transfer coefficient, mass transfer coefficient, and Lewis number, yielding: h h m = k D L e n = ρ
Transport_phenomena
Type of chemical mixture
a decrease in the resistance to heat transfer. Thus, more heat is transferred and the heat transfer coefficient is higher at the top of the film. The
Zeotropic_mixture
Temperature for heat exchange
{\displaystyle h_{c}} = convective heat transfer coefficient h r {\displaystyle h_{r}} = linear radiative heat transfer coefficient t a {\displaystyle t_{a}} = air
Operative_temperature
Type of boiling
the convective heat transfer coefficient and the heat flux. In this regime, most of the heat transfer is through direct transfer from the surface to the
Nucleate_boiling
the alternative way of doing so is by increasing either the heat transfer coefficient (which depends on the nature of materials being used and the conditions
Heat_transfer_through_fins
Industrial device
outside of the tubes. High heat transfer coefficients are required in order to achieve equally balanced heat transfer resistances. Therefore, condensing
Falling_film_evaporator
Temperature of a thermometer covered by moist cloth
convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m2·K) Note that: ( H − H 0 ) {\displaystyle (H-H_{0})} is the driving force for mass transfer (constantly equal
Wet-bulb_temperature
Analogy for heat, momentum, and mass transfer
Prandtl–Taylor analogy) developed to directly relate heat transfer coefficients, mass transfer coefficients and friction factors, Chilton and Colburn J-factor
Chilton and Colburn J-factor analogy
Chilton_and_Colburn_J-factor_analogy
Graphs for analyzing 1–D conductive heat transfer
Additionally, the temperature of the surroundings and the convective heat transfer coefficient must remain constant and uniform. Also, there must be no heat generation
Heisler_chart
Thermal insulation using several thin layers
of a layer stack can be quantified in terms of its overall heat transfer coefficient U, which defines the radiative heat flow rate Q between two parallel
Multi-layer_insulation
Study of gas-vapor mixtures
psychrometric ratio is the ratio of the heat transfer coefficient to the product of mass transfer coefficient and humid heat at a wetted surface. It may
Psychrometrics
Study of hydraulic flow in thermal fluids
obtained from the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient depends on several factors: mode of heat transfer (e.g., internal or external
Thermal_hydraulics
under forced convection. The general expression for determining the transfer coefficient is given by the Dittus - Boelter equation: ℵ u = a R e 0.8 P r 0
Nuclear_reactor_heat_removal
Variable to calculate cooling load of a building
= rate of heat transfer [W] A {\displaystyle A} = heat transfer surface area [m2] h o {\displaystyle h_{o}} = heat transfer coefficient for radiation (long
Sol-air_temperature
Thermal engineering discipline concerning transfer of heat in physical systems
the process. Thermodynamic and mechanical heat transfer is calculated with the heat transfer coefficient, the proportionality between the heat flux and
Heat_transfer
Equation in convective heat transfer
convective heat transfer coefficient. Newton's law of cooling (in the form of heat loss per surface area being equal to heat transfer coefficient multiplied
Churchill–Bernstein_equation
overall heat transfer rate is, where Q is the heat transfer Rate U is the overall heat transfer coefficient A is the overall heat transfer area Tlm is
Rising_film_evaporator
Container that controls temperature of contents
inefficient for heat transfer because the flow media has an extremely low velocity resulting in a low heat transfer coefficient. Condensing media, such
Jacketed_vessel
Steam whose temperature can be decreased without immediately condensing
heat transfer coefficient of air, making it an insulator - a poor conductor of heat. Saturated steam has a much higher wall heat transfer coefficient. Slightly
Superheated_steam
Relative measure of dispersion expressed as the ratio of standard deviation to the mean
In probability theory and statistics, the coefficient of variation (CV), also known as normalized root-mean-square deviation (NRMSD), and relative standard
Coefficient_of_variation
International shipping standard
externally; heat transfer coefficient K=0.7W/M2.K H5 (HM) Insulated - Heat transfer coefficient K=0.4W/M2.K H6 (HV) Insulated - Heat transfer coefficient K=0.7W/M2
ISO_6346
Measure of how well an object, per unit of area, resists conductive flow of heat
steady-state conditions. The U-factor or U-value is the overall heat transfer coefficient and can be found by taking the inverse of the R-value. It is a property
R-value_(insulation)
Physical phenomenon
approximately 0.09 for most fluids at moderate pressures. The heat transfer coefficient may be approximated using Bromley's equation, h = C [ k v 3 ρ v g
Leidenfrost_effect
proportionality of heat flux to temperature difference with heat transfer coefficient which was the only tool in theoretical heat convection since the
Conjugate convective heat transfer
Conjugate_convective_heat_transfer
convective heat transfer: h = N u c k d {\displaystyle h={\mathit {Nu}}_{c}{\frac {k}{d}}} Where h {\displaystyle h} is the heat transfer coefficient, N u c {\displaystyle
Micro_heat_exchanger
Capacity of a material to conduct heat
when occurring in series. There is also a measure known as the heat transfer coefficient: the quantity of heat that passes per unit time through a unit area
Thermal conductivity and resistivity
Thermal_conductivity_and_resistivity
Delayed temperature response
capacity, with unit J⋅kg−1⋅K−1 Thermal effusivity has units of a heat transfer coefficient multiplied by square root of time: SI units of W⋅m−2⋅K−1⋅s1/2 or
Thermal_inertia
Equation characterising electrochemical kinetics
cathodic charge transfer coefficient, dimensionless α a {\displaystyle \alpha _{\rm {a}}} : so-called anodic charge transfer coefficient, dimensionless
Butler–Volmer_equation
Heat exchanger that uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids
maximize heat transfer in the exchanger. A high degree of turbulence can be obtained at low flow rates and high heat transfer coefficient can then be achieved
Plate_heat_exchanger
Device that tends to equalize temperature over its surface
giving it a lower heat transfer coefficient than if it were liquid-cooled. A high enough heat exchanger transfer coefficient is sufficient to avoid the
Heat_spreader
Load caused by rapid temperature change
{\displaystyle h} is the heat transfer coefficient, and k {\displaystyle k} is the thermal conductivity. If perfect heat transfer ( B i = ∞ {\displaystyle
Thermal_shock
Light or sound absorption in a substance
The linear attenuation coefficient, attenuation coefficient, or narrow-beam attenuation coefficient characterizes how easily a volume of material can be
Attenuation_coefficient
Passive heat exchanger that transfers heat
function of material thermal conductivity, dimensions, fin type, heat transfer coefficient, air flow rate, and duct size. To determine the thermal performance
Heat_sink
Ratio of the thermal resistances of a body's interior to its surface
of the body [W/(m·K)] h {\displaystyle {h}} is a convective heat transfer coefficient [W/(m2·K)] L {\displaystyle {L}} is a characteristic length [m] of
Biot_number
Metal housing which protects a temperature sensor immersed in a fluid
the result of the thermal mass of the thermowell tip, and the heat transfer coefficient between the thermowell and the fluid. A representative thermowell
Thermowell
Rate of transfer of heat through matter, expressed as a U-value
as heat transfer coefficient, thermal transmittance is different in that the heat transfer coefficient is used to solely describe heat transfer in fluids
Thermal_transmittance
Process of increasing the effectiveness of heat exchangers
enhancing heat transfer. The enhancement can be achieved by increasing the surface area for convection or increasing the convection coefficient. For example
Heat_transfer_enhancement
System for condensing gas into liquid by cooling
pressure per unit mass (or other) h {\displaystyle h} is the heat transfer coefficient of the coolant tube P {\displaystyle P} is the perimeter of the coolant
Condenser_(heat_transfer)
Physical constant for the strength of gravity induced by a mass
is more recent, as "Newton's constant" was also used for the heat transfer coefficient in Newton's law of cooling, but has by now become quite common, e
Gravitational_constant
German mechanical engineer and professor (1882–1957)
heat transfer coefficient near the inlet, and he noted that this variation directly affected existing measurements of heat transfer coefficients. (Nusselt
Wilhelm_Nusselt
Surface that extends from an object to increase heat transfer
heat it transfers. Increasing the temperature gradient between the object and the environment, increasing the convection heat transfer coefficient, or increasing
Fin_(extended_surface)
Equipment used to transfer heat between fluids
exchangers is done by tracking the overall heat transfer coefficient. The overall heat transfer coefficient tends to decline over time due to fouling. By
Heat_exchanger
Apparatus for measuring reaction energy
power (W) U {\displaystyle U} → overall heat transfer coefficient (W/(m2K)) A {\displaystyle A} → heat transfer area (m2) T r {\displaystyle T_{r}} → process
Reaction_calorimeter
Process by which heat is transferred within an object
governed by the properties of the material and the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient, h, is measured in W m 2 K {\displaystyle \mathrm
Thermal_conduction
Analogy in fluid dynamics
is the Fanning friction factor; h {\displaystyle h} is the heat transfer coefficient; c p {\displaystyle c_{p}} is the specific heat at constant pressure;
Reynolds_analogy
Machine transforming a liquid into a gas
overall performance of evaporators depends on factors such as the heat transfer coefficient, tube/plate material properties, flow regime, and achieved vapor
Evaporator
Topics referred to by the same term
Solar system H (as in ΔH), magnitude of enthalpy h, convective heat transfer coefficient H, magnetic field intensity H, symbol for the Henry (unit), the SI
H_(disambiguation)
Passing cold propellant through tubes around a rocket engine to cool it
{A_{t}}{A}}\right)^{0.9}\sigma } h g {\displaystyle h_{g}} is the heat transfer coefficient from the hot combustion gas to the chamber/nozzle interior wall (W/m²/K)
Regenerative cooling (rocketry)
Regenerative_cooling_(rocketry)
Heat-transfer device that employs phase transition
force, or gravity, and the cycle repeats. Due to the very high heat-transfer coefficients for boiling and condensation, heat pipes are highly effective thermal
Heat_pipe
Type of evaporating unit to separate mixtures
operation. The most suitable evaporator will have the highest heat transfer coefficient per dollar of equipment cost. In optimising the design of an evaporator
Circulation_evaporator
Proportionality constant in some physical laws
Diffusivity, mass diffusivity or diffusion coefficient is usually written as the proportionality constant between the molar flux due to molecular diffusion
Mass_diffusivity
Temperature at the boundary layer of a fluid undergoing convection
Nusselt number, Reynolds number or Grashof number to calculate a heat transfer coefficient, because it is a reasonable first approximation to the temperature
Film_temperature
Equation relating the rate of an electrochemical reaction to the overpotential
the thermal voltage, and α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the charge transfer coefficient, the value of which must be between 0 and 1. In a more general case
Tafel_equation
Net movement of mass from one location, phase, etc. to another
calculation and application of mass transfer coefficients for an overall process. These mass transfer coefficients are typically published in terms of
Mass_transfer
Dimensionless number in chemistry
and hence the rate of reaction becomes proportional to the mass transfer coefficient kL and the Hatta number: kLCA,iHa. Conversely, a Hatta number smaller
Hatta_number
Fluid containing nanometer-sized particles, called nanoparticles
They exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer coefficient compared to the base fluid. Knowledge of the rheological behaviour
Nanofluid
Biocomposite material used for construction and insulation
transfer coefficient was measured using ISOMET 2114, a portable system for measuring the heat transfer of properties. Hempcrete has a coefficient of heat
Hempcrete
fluids the Dittus-Boelter Equation can be used to determine the heat transfer coefficient for both the inner and outer streams; given their diameters and velocities
Concentric tube heat exchanger
Concentric_tube_heat_exchanger
Force resisting sliding motion
pavement has a high coefficient of friction. Coefficients of friction range from near zero to greater than one. The coefficient of friction between two
Friction
Dimensionless quantity; ratio of a fluid's buoyancy to viscosity
bodies where: g is gravitational acceleration due to Earth β is the coefficient of volume expansion (equal to approximately 1/T for ideal gases) Ts is
Grashof_number
Welding using electromagnetic induction
Where: q n {\displaystyle q^{n}} is heat flux density h is the heat transfer coefficient T s {\displaystyle T_{s}} is the temperature of the work piece surface
Induction_welding
Type of energy transfer
sensor Heat recovery steam generator Heat recovery ventilation Heat transfer coefficient Heat wave History of heat Orders of magnitude (temperature) Relativistic
Heat
heat transfer coefficient CLTD= cooling load temperature difference SCL= solar cooling load factor CLF= cooling load factor SC= shading coefficient Q =
Cooling load temperature difference calculation method
Cooling_load_temperature_difference_calculation_method
Method of analyzing electrochemical reactions
so-called cathodic charge transfer coefficient, dimensionless α a {\displaystyle \alpha _{a}} : so-called anodic charge transfer coefficient, dimensionless η {\displaystyle
Voltammetry
Physical process
seeds for vapor growth. Confined boiling typically has higher heat transfer coefficient but a lower CHF than pool boiling. CHF occurs when the vapor momentum
Boiling
Direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa
create temperature differences), and the Thomson effect (the Seebeck coefficient varies with temperature). The Seebeck and Peltier effects are different
Thermoelectric_effect
Regulation of the temperature of electronic circuitry to prevent inefficiency or failure
thereof) is a function of material, geometry, and overall surface heat transfer coefficient. Generally, forced convection heat sink thermal performance is improved
Thermal management (electronics)
Thermal_management_(electronics)
Method of reusing thermal energy in a building
in transferring sensible heat from one air stream to another. The high levels of efficiency are attributed to the high heat transfer coefficients of the
Heat_recovery_ventilation
Topics referred to by the same term
(μ) is not available U or U-value, the symbol for the overall heat transfer coefficient or thermal transmittance Understeer gradient U Line, also known as
U_(disambiguation)
is one of the most effective mechanism of heat transfer and extremely large heat transfer coefficients can be achieved with this mechanism. In dropwise
Dropwise_condensation
Cooling using a circulating liquid as a heat-exchange medium
also offer a higher transfer coefficient, although this depends on the specific coolant used and mode of convective heat transfer. One of the main benefits
Liquid_cooling
Ratio of concentrations in a mixture at equilibrium
In the physical sciences, a partition coefficient (P) or distribution coefficient (D) is the ratio of concentrations of a compound in a mixture of two
Partition_coefficient
Tendency of matter to change volume in response to a change in temperature
strain) divided by the change in temperature is called the material's coefficient of linear thermal expansion. For small temperature changes, this is nearly
Thermal_expansion
Topics referred to by the same term
of an ampere UA, the product of a heat exchanger's overall heat transfer coefficient U and its active exchange area A in thermodynamics Unit of account
UA
Energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic radiation
{\displaystyle z} direction. The radiative transfer through an isotropically scattering medium with scattering coefficient σ ν {\displaystyle \sigma _{\nu }}
Radiative_transfer
Method to calculate rate of heat transfer in heat exchangers
U {\displaystyle U} is the overall heat transfer coefficient, A {\displaystyle A} is the total heat transfer area, and C m i n {\displaystyle C_{min}}
NTU_method
Machine used to produce air flow
comfort inside a room create a wind chill by increasing the heat transfer coefficient but do not lower temperatures directly. Fans used to cool electrical
Fan_(machine)
Measure for the energy lost by ions per traversed distance
described by using the mass energy-transfer coefficient. Many studies have attempted to relate linear energy transfer to the relative biological effectiveness
Linear_energy_transfer
System storing hot fluid heat to heat the cold fluid
heat transfer coefficient is much lower for gases than for liquids, thus the enormous surface area in a regenerator greatly increases heat transfer.[citation
Regenerative_heat_exchanger
Season of UEFA's top-tier European club football competition
currently suspended). The association ranking based on the UEFA association coefficients is used to determine the number of participating teams for each association:
2026–27_UEFA_Champions_League
Technique used for wastewater treatment
electrochemical process is in diffusion control or not. If the mass transfer coefficient for the system is known, the limiting current density can be defined
Electro-oxidation
Mass of a substance which passes per unit of time
{m}}/A} The quantity can be used in particle Reynolds number or mass transfer coefficient calculation for fixed and fluidized bed systems. In the elementary
Mass_flow_rate
Machine learning technique
Transfer learning (TL) is a technique in machine learning (ML) in which knowledge learned from a task is re-used in order to boost performance on a related
Transfer_learning
Isotope of hydrogen with two neutrons
"Tritium production and recovery in the United States in FY2011". Fissile Materials. February 2010. "Tritium removal mass transfer coefficient". ans.org.
Tritium
Topics referred to by the same term
(ISO 639 code ral) RaL, the Rayleigh number w.r.t. length; see heat transfer coefficient respectful adoption language, part of the language of adoption Refund
RAL
boiling region therefore it will lead to an increase in the local heat transfer coefficient. The optimum height ratio of feed water is found to be Rh = 0.3.
Climbing and falling film plate evaporator
Climbing_and_falling_film_plate_evaporator
condensing heat transfer coefficient. However, he also highlighted other analytical approaches, including jet impingement boiling for heat transfer. In combustion
Alfred_Leipertz
Relation in chromatography
diffusion coefficient of the eluting particles in the longitudinal direction, resulting in dispersion [m2 s−1] C = Resistance to mass transfer coefficient of
Van_Deemter_equation
Quantities describing probability of absorption or emission of light
Einstein coefficients are quantities describing the probability of absorption or emission of a photon by an atom or molecule. The Einstein A coefficients are
Einstein_coefficients
Type of temperature
convection and radiation transfer. By effectively increasing the size of the thermometer bulb, the convection transfer coefficient is reduced and the effect
Mean_radiant_temperature
18-Carbon fatty acid
Nagendra Gandhi (2010). "Supporting Information Solubility and Mass Transfer Coefficient Enhancement of Stearic Acid through Hydrotropy". Journal of Chemical
Stearic_acid
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