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Telomere-restoring protein active in the most rapidly dividing cells
Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres
Telomerase
Catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (abbreviated to TERT, or hTERT in humans) is a catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, which, together with the telomerase
Telomerase reverse transcriptase
Telomerase_reverse_transcriptase
American molecular biologist and Nobel laureate
the University of California, Santa Cruz. Greider discovered the enzyme telomerase in 1984, while she was a graduate student of Elizabeth Blackburn at the
Carol_W._Greider
Australian-born American biological researcher
Salk Institute for Biological Studies. In 1984, Blackburn co-discovered telomerase, the enzyme that replenishes the telomere, with Carol W. Greider. For
Elizabeth_Blackburn
Region of repetitive nucleotide sequences on chromosomes
discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase. During DNA replication, DNA polymerase cannot replicate the sequences
Telomere
NcRNA found in eukaryotes
Telomerase RNA component (TERC), also abbreviated TER or TR, is a non-coding RNA found in eukaryotes that is a component of the telomerase enzyme, which
Telomerase_RNA_component
State in which the rate of mortality from senescence is stable or decreasing
to telomerase, an enzyme that repairs long repetitive sections of DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes, referred to as telomeres. Telomerase is expressed
Biological_immortality
Chemical compound
various legume species in the genus Astragalus that is purported to have telomerase activation activity. A preliminary in vitro study on human CD4 and CD8
Cycloastragenol
Class of stem cells
Adult telomerase-positive stem cells (aTPSCs) are a proposed population of endogenous adult stem cells described in publications by Henry E. Young and
Adult telomerase positive stem cells
Adult_telomerase_positive_stem_cells
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Telomerase-binding protein EST1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SMG6 gene on chromosome 17. It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues
SMG6
Limit to divisions of a normal human cell
reversing it. Cultures not containing telomerase-active pluripotent stem cells would have been populated with telomerase-inactive cells, which would have been
Hayflick_limit
Synthetic peptide
Epitalon is a synthetic peptide, telomerase activator, and putative anti-aging compound, which was identified as the putative active component of a bovine
Epitalon
Long non-coding RNA transcribed from telomeres
area of research, it is generally believed to play a role in regulating telomerase activity as well as maintaining the heterochromatic state at the ends
Telomeric repeat–containing RNA
Telomeric_repeat–containing_RNA
Tumor cell
features that make them "immortal" according to some researchers. The enzyme telomerase is used to extend the cancer cell's life span. While the telomeres of
Cancer_cell
American molecular biologist and gerontologist
that was the first to successfully identify the genes for human enzyme telomerase. This enzyme is responsible for preventing telomeres from shortening in
William H. Andrews (biologist)
William_H._Andrews_(biologist)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
is depleted. The four H/ACA snoRNP proteins are also components of the telomerase complex. This gene encodes a protein related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae
NOLA2
Medication
transfusion-dependent anemia. Imetelstat is an oligonucleotide telomerase inhibitor. By blocking telomerase activity, imetelstat causes telomere shortening, inhibits
Imetelstat
American biotechnology company
developing and commercializing therapeutic products for cancer that inhibit telomerase. Geron, based in Foster City, California, was founded by gerontologist
Geron_Corporation
Medical condition
disorders short telomeres can cause. It is thought that without functional telomerase, chromosomes will likely be attached together at their ends through the
Dyskeratosis_congenita
Greider, and Jack Szostak in the 1980s led to the successful discovery of telomerase (the enzyme responsible for maintaining telomere length) and a better
Relationship between telomeres and longevity
Relationship_between_telomeres_and_longevity
American biophysicist
professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Her research considers telomerase RNA structure and telomere function, and eukaryotic transposable elements
Kathleen_Collins_(scientist)
American biochemist
He has also studied telomeres, and his lab discovered an enzyme, TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase), which is part of the process of restoring telomeres
Thomas_Cech
Chemical compound
acid. Enhanced telomerase activity can be an indicator of abnormal cells. Most normal tissues have inactivated or repressed telomerase activity, but it
Gambogic_acid
American biogerontologist
biogerontologist. His research focuses, on stem cells, cellular aging and telomerase. He is the CEO of AgeX Therapeutics. West was born in Niles, Michigan
Michael_D._West
Enzymes that catalyze DNA formation
5'-TTAGGG-3' recruits telomerase. Telomerase acts like other DNA polymerases by extending the 3' end, but, unlike other DNA polymerases, telomerase does not require
DNA_polymerase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PIN2/TERF1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1, also known as PINX1, is a human gene. PINX1 is also known as PIN2 interacting protein 1. PINX1 is a telomerase inhibitor
PINX1
Protein
conserved nucleolar enzyme that plays key roles in rRNA modification, telomerase function, and ribosome biogenesis. Dyskerin is an L-shaped protein consisting
Dyskerin
Chemical compound
Telomestatin is a macrocyclic chemical compound that acts by inhibiting the telomerase activity of in vitro cancer cells. It was first isolated from the bacteria
Telomestatin
Structures in cell nuclei
processing and telomere maintenance. CBs assemble RNA which is used by telomerase to add nucleotides to the ends of telomeres. CBs were initially discovered
Cajal_body
US biotechnology company
"Hayflick limit"). The enzyme telomerase adds these DNA sequence repeats to the telomere, re-lengthening it. In humans, telomerase is expressed in embryonic
Sierra_Sciences
Physical immortality free of ageing
percent of cancer cells contain large amounts of an enzyme called telomerase. Telomerase is an enzyme that replenishes the worn away telomeres by adding
Eternal_youth
Family of clawed marine crustaceans
be due to telomerase, an enzyme that repairs long repetitive sections of DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes, the telomeres. Telomerase is expressed
Lobster
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
includes the SMN protein, small Cajal body-specific scaRNAs and the enzyme telomerase. WRAP53β also targets the ubiquitin ligase RNF8 to DNA double-strand breaks(Figure
WRAP53
Three species of pine trees native to the Western United States
In one study, they discovered that Pinus longaeva has higher levels of telomerase activity, which further slows or prevents the attrition rate of telomeres
Bristlecone_pine
Oldest cultured human cell line (1951)
cells. Like many other cancer cells, HeLa cells have an active version of telomerase during cell division, which copies telomeres over and over again. This
HeLa
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
has originally been identified to associate with telomeric chromatin in telomerase-positive cancer cells and cancer cells that maintain their telomeres based
HMBOX1
Swedish medical doctor and researcher (born 1972)
of telomerase activity and telomere length regulation in immune cells and its malignant counterparts. He has worked on potential roles of telomerase activity
Karl-Fredrik_Norrback
Longest recorded life span
have an upper limit on the number of times somatic cells not expressing telomerase can divide. This is called the Hayflick limit, although this number of
Maximum_life_span
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Telomerase protein component 1 is a ncRNA binding protein that in humans is encoded by the TEP1 gene. This gene product is a component of the ribonucleoprotein
TEP1
American scientist and entrepreneur
human telomerase when working at Geron Corporation, which led to his winning the 1997 Distinguished Inventor Award for cloning human telomerase along
Bryant_Villeponteau
American biotechnology company
42% for a telomerase inducing gene therapy and 32% for a follistatin inducing gene therapy. The gene therapy was also re-dosable. Telomerase gene therapy
BioViva
Concept of eternal life
the normal levels of telomerase lived 50% longer than normal mice". In normal circumstances, without the presence of telomerase, if a cell divides repeatedly
Immortality
Phylogenetic group described in January 2024
Retroelements not elsewhere classified Retron Diversity-generating retroelement Telomerase reverse transcriptase Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene Retrosequence
Obelisk_(biology)
Epigenetic phenomenon
similar in morphology, proliferation, gene expression, pluripotency, and telomerase activity, genetic and morphological markers were used as a way to determine
Reprogramming
Pharmaceutical compound
16-amino acid peptide based on the 616‑626 position fragment of human telomerase reverse transcriptase protein (hTERT). It was originally developed as
Tertomotide
American biophysicist
group has invested significant effort in determining the structure of telomerase, using NMR, X-ray crystallography, and more recently cryo-electron microscopy
Juli_Feigon
Protein complex serving as a telomere cap
in many eukaryotes from DNA repair mechanisms, as well as to regulate telomerase activity. In mammals and other vertebrates, telomeric DNA consists of
Shelterin
Swiss molecular biologist
lifespan. They elucidated how telomere shortening is counteracted by the telomerase enzyme that renders cancer cells immortal. The lab discovered that telomeres
Joachim_Lingner
Telomerase-independent mechanism
Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (also known as "ALT") is a telomerase-independent mechanism by which cancer cells avoid the degradation of telomeres
Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres
Alternative_Lengthening_of_Telomeres
Biological kingdom
Retroelements not elsewhere classified Retron Diversity-generating retroelement Telomerase reverse transcriptase Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene Retrosequence
Animal
Enzyme which generates DNA
myeloblastosis virus also has two subunits, a 63 kDa subunit and a 95 kDa subunit. Telomerase reverse transcriptase that maintains the telomeres of eukaryotic chromosomes
Reverse_transcriptase
Medical discipline focused on the practical reversal of the aging process
involved breeding genetically manipulated mice that lacked an enzyme called telomerase, causing the mice to age prematurely and suffer ailments. When the mice
Rejuvenation
Suffix for enzymes in biochemistry
may be called peroxidase; the enzyme that produces telomeres is called telomerase. Sometimes enzymes are named for the function they perform, rather than
-ase
Russian scientist
cellular machines, functional properties and mechanisms of regulation of Telomerase Ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP) complexes and non-coding RNAs. In 1991
Olga_Dontsova
Protein-coding gene in humans
positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase toxin transport positive regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body binding of sperm
CCT8
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
acid binding telomerase RNA binding RNA binding Cellular component cytosol catalytic step 2 spliceosome membrane nucleoplasm telomerase holoenzyme complex
HNRNPC
Lineage of cells that evades senescence and continues dividing
Artificial expression of key proteins required for immortality, for example telomerase which prevents degradation of chromosome ends during DNA replication in
Immortalised_cell_line
Mainstream medical research into cancer treatment
the activity of the protein telomerase for their immortality, it has been proposed that a drug that inactivates telomerase might be effective against a
Experimental_cancer_treatment
Nucleic acid secondary structure
RNase P is one of the most conserved elements in all of evolution. The telomerase RNA component contains a pseudoknot that is critical for activity, and
Pseudoknot
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
depleted. These four H/ACA snoRNP proteins are also components of the telomerase complex. The encoded protein of this gene contains two glycine- and arginine-rich
Nucleolar_protein,_member_A1
Biotechnology company in Chicago, Illinois
on the development of telomere targeting agents for the treatment of telomerase-positive cancer cells. In August 2022, the company's initial funding round
Maia_Biotechnology
G-quadruplex RNA binding G-quadruplex DNA binding 5'-3' exoribonuclease activity telomerase RNA binding 5'-3' exonuclease activity Cellular component membrane plasma
XRN1
Matter with biological processes
Retroelements not elsewhere classified Retron Diversity-generating retroelement Telomerase reverse transcriptase Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene Retrosequence
Life
Cytosine-rich quadruplex DNA structure
chromosomes can lead to telomerase inhibition. The formation of i-motif structures at the ends of chromosomes inhibits telomerase from binding, which interferes
I-motif_DNA
Free-living species of nematode
maintain its telomeres, during knock-out of the catalytic subunit of the telomerase (trt-1) C. elegans can gain the ability of alternative telomere lengthening
Caenorhabditis_elegans
Biological process
to the next generation, telomerase extends the repetitive sequences of the telomere region to prevent degradation. Telomerase can become mistakenly active
DNA_replication
Species of small, biologically immortal jellyfish
Turritopsis nutricula. Cheating Death: The Immortal Life Cycle of Turritopsis Telomerase activity is not related to life-history stage in the jellyfish Cassiopea
Turritopsis_dohrnii
Protein-coding gene in humans
telomeres throughout the cell cycle and functions as an inhibitor of telomerase, acting in cis to limit the elongation of individual chromosome ends.
Telomeric repeat-binding factor 1
Telomeric_repeat-binding_factor_1
Eukaryotic organelle
two associated vault proteins, TEP1 and PARP4. TEP1, also known as the telomerase-associated protein 1, is 290 kDa and PARP4 is related to poly (ADP-ribose)
Vault_(organelle)
Russian biologist (1936–2022)
recognize the problem of telomere shortening, to predict the existence of telomerase, and to suggest the telomere hypothesis of aging and the relationship
Alexey_Olovnikov
Pentacyclic chemical compound in plant leaves and fruit
sodium for comparison of analgesic activity). Oleanolic acid activates telomerase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 5.9-fold, more than any
Oleanolic_acid
American molecular biologist
chromosome behavior in yeast. Many of her discoveries have concerned telomerase, the RNA-containing enzyme that completes the ends of chromosomes. She
Victoria_Lundblad
Molecule that carries genetic information
regions is to allow the cell to replicate chromosome ends using the enzyme telomerase, as the enzymes that normally replicate DNA cannot copy the extreme 3′
DNA
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
Retroelements not elsewhere classified Retron Diversity-generating retroelement Telomerase reverse transcriptase Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene Retrosequence
Mitochondria
Indian politician (born 1982)
Metastases suppressor NME2 associates with telomere ends and telomerase and reduces telomerase activity within cells. Oxford University Press. OCLC 794927394
Shantanu_Thakur
Family of large biological molecules
Retrotransposons also spread by copying DNA and RNA from one another, and telomerase contains an RNA that is used as template for building the ends of eukaryotic
RNA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
acid binding double-stranded RNA binding hydrolase activity ATP binding telomerase RNA binding RNA binding single-stranded DNA binding magnesium ion binding
DHX36
Any of various oviparous cyprinodontiform fish
Nothobranchius furzeri shows no signs of telomere shortening, reduced telomerase activity, or replicative senescence with age, despite its short lifespan
Killifish
high biological significance for gene expression and its regulation. Telomerase is an enzyme that is present in all eukaryotic nuclei which serves to
History_of_RNA_biology
Group of chemical compounds
TA-65 in particular, has found that it has the potential to activate the telomerase enzyme in humans to lengthen telomeres at the ends of human chromosomes
Astragaloside
Protein-coding gene in humans
regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase toxin transport protein folding positive regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body binding
CCT3
Protein in animal cells
also in the nuclear gems. It functions in transcriptional regulation, telomerase regeneration and cellular trafficking. SMN deficiency, primarily due to
Survival_of_motor_neuron
Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
cells contain an enzyme with reverse transcription activity called telomerase. Telomerase carries an RNA template from which it synthesizes a telomere, a
Transcription_(biology)
Virus-derived DNA in another organism
Retroelements not elsewhere classified Retron Diversity-generating retroelement Telomerase reverse transcriptase Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene Retrosequence
Endogenous_viral_element
Domain of microorganisms
Retroelements not elsewhere classified Retron Diversity-generating retroelement Telomerase reverse transcriptase Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene Retrosequence
Bacteria
Genus of single-celled organisms
Their main claim to fame is their role in the discovery of telomeres and telomerase which is based on the fact that ciliates are one of the richest sources
Tetrahymena
Telomeric repeat-containing RNA
lengthening by enzyme telomerase. However, other studies have shown that under certain conditions TERRA can recruit telomerase to telomeres. TERRAs are
TERRA_(biology)
Basepairing interactions within a single nucleic acid polymer or between two polymers
molecules that form pseudoknots. For example, the RNA component of the human telomerase contains a pseudoknot that is critical for its activity. The hepatitis
Nucleic acid secondary structure
Nucleic_acid_secondary_structure
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
chromosomes. It also prevents telomere elongation by inhibiting the actions of telomerase. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative start codons results
PIF1_5'-to-3'_DNA_helicase
Circular single-stranded RNA(s) dependent on viruses for replication
Retroelements not elsewhere classified Retron Diversity-generating retroelement Telomerase reverse transcriptase Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene Retrosequence
Virusoid
Diseases of the space or tissue between the alveoli of the lungs
dysplasia (mutations in FoxF1) Mutations in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) Mutations in telomerase RNA component (TERC) Mutations in the regulator
Interstitial_lung_disease
Phenomenon on genetic disorder symptoms
Chakravarti A., Hamosh A., Greider C. W. (2005). "Haploinsufficiency of telomerase reverse transcriptase leads to anticipation in autosomal dominant dyskeratosis
Anticipation_(genetics)
Spanish molecular biologist (born 1965)
Director of the Molecular Oncology Programme and Leader of the Telomeres and Telomerase Group. In 2005, she was also assigned as Vice-Director of Basic Research
María_Blasco_Marhuenda
Human medical condition
potentially involved in cerebral development. The deletion of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene localized in 5p15.33 may contribute
Cri_du_chat_syndrome
Biological process
Alqahtani MH, Shay JW (June 2016). "Roles of telomeres and telomerase in cancer, and advances in telomerase-targeted therapies". Genome Medicine. 8 (1) 69. doi:10
Cell_division
American health psychologist
examined the telomeres and telomerase in women. Their results indicated that doctors could monitor telomere length and telomerase levels for signs of adverse
Elissa_S._Epel
Endogenous non-cancerous pluripotent stem cell
environment in vivo. This can be explained in part by their intrinsically low telomerase activity, eradicating the risk of tumorigenesis through unbridled cell
Muse_cell
discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase" Carol W. Greider (b. 1961) United States Jack W. Szostak (b. 1952) Canada
List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine
Biological theory of cellular aging
concerns, the development of telomerase-based cancer treatments remains an active research area.[citation needed] Although telomerase activation does not occur
Telomeres_in_the_cell_cycle
Species of tree
in rats. Beta-lapachone has a direct cytotoxic effect and the loss of telomerase activity in leukemia cells in vitro. The ethnomedical use of lapacho and
Handroanthus_impetiginosus
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