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Type of organic compound
A sterol is any organic compound with a skeleton closely related to cholestan-3-ol and having a hydroxyl group at carbon 3. The simplest sterol is gonan-3-ol
Sterol
Polycyclic organic compound having sterane as a core structure
fungi, plants, and animals. All steroids are manufactured in cells from a sterol: cholesterol (animals), lanosterol (opisthokonts), or cycloartenol (plants)
Steroid
The enzyme sterol esterase (EC 3.1.1.13) catalyzes the reaction a sterol ester + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } a sterol + a fatty acid This
Sterol_esterase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) also known as sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (SREBF2) is a protein that
Sterol regulatory element–binding protein 2
Sterol_regulatory_element–binding_protein_2
Class of chemical compounds
Sterol esters are a heterogeneous group of chemical compounds. They are created when the hydroxyl group of a sterol and a fatty acid undergo an esterification
Sterol_ester
Class of steroids derived from plants
biological membranes of plants. They encompass plant sterols and stanols. More than 250 sterols and related compounds have been identified. Free phytosterols
Phytosterol
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) also known as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) is a protein that
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
Sterol_regulatory_element-binding_protein_1
Sterol 24-C-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.41) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction zymosterol + SAM fecosterol + SAH This is
Sterol_24-C-methyltransferase
phosphatidylcholine---sterol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction phosphatidylcholine + a sterol ⇌ {\displaystyle
Phosphatidylcholine—sterol O-acyltransferase
Phosphatidylcholine—sterol_O-acyltransferase
Enzyme
Δ7-sterol 5(6)-desaturase (EC 1.14.19.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Δ7-sterol + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = Δ5,7-sterol +
Δ7-sterol_5(6)-desaturase
A sterol-sensing domain (SSD) is a protein domain which consists of 180 amino acids forming five transmembrane segments capable of binding sterol groups
Sterol-sensing_domain
Protein family
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that bind to the sterol regulatory element DNA sequence TCACNCCAC. Mammalian
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein
Sterol_regulatory_element-binding_protein
Protein-coding gene in humans
is a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 oxidase, and is commonly known as sterol 27-hydroxylase. This enzyme is located in many different tissues where it
CYP27A1
Index of enzymes associated with the same name
Sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase may refer to: 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol 12alpha-hydroxylase, an enzyme 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one 12alpha-hydroxylase
Sterol_12alpha-hydroxylase
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, Delta24-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.72) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. 5α-cholesta-7,24-dien-3β-ol + NADPH H+ H+
Delta24-sterol_reductase
Class of enzymes
Sterol O-acyltransferase (also called Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase, Acyl-CoA cholesterin acyltransferase[citation needed] or simply ACAT) is an
Sterol_O-acyltransferase
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, a sterol 14α-demethylase (EC 1.14.14.154, formerly 1.14.13.70) or CYP51 is an enzyme of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily. It is an
Sterol_14-demethylase
Chemical compound
β-Sitosterol (beta-sitosterol) is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. It is a white,
Β-Sitosterol
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, Delta14-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.70) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 14-demethyllanosterol + NADP+ H+ H+ 4
Delta14-sterol_reductase
Protein family
Sterol carrier proteins (also known as nonspecific lipid transfer proteins) is a family of proteins that transfer steroids and probably also phospholipids
Sterol_carrier_protein
Class of enzymes
C-5 sterol desaturase (also known as sterol C-5 desaturase and C5SD) is an enzyme that is highly conserved among eukaryotes and catalyzes the dehydrogenation
C-5_sterol_desaturase
Genetically-inherited lipid metabolic disorder
excretion of dietary sterols (including the phytosterol beta-sitosterol). Healthy persons absorb only about 5% of dietary plant sterols, but sitosterolemia
Sitosterolemia
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, Delta24(241)-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.71) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3β-ol + NADPH
Delta24(241)-sterol_reductase
Lipid that is soluble in nonpolar solvents with their respective range
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides
Lipid
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
14α-demethylase is responsible for an essential step in the biosynthesis of sterols. In particular, this protein catalyzes the removal of the C-14α-methyl
Lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase
Lanosterol_14_alpha-demethylase
Class of enzymes
the first committed step in sterol synthesis, since the squalene produced is converted exclusively into various sterols, such as cholesterol, via a complex
Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase
Farnesyl-diphosphate_farnesyltransferase
diacylglycerol-sterol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.73) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + sterol ⇌ {\displaystyle
Diacylglycerol—sterol O-acyltransferase
Diacylglycerol—sterol_O-acyltransferase
Class of chemical compounds
foods supplemented with plant sterol esters reduce cardiovascular events. They are used in food products such as Benecol. Sterol esters can also be used for
Stanol_ester
Enzyme
In enzymology, a triacylglycerol---sterol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.77) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction triacylglycerol + a 3beta-hydroxysterol
Triacylglycerol—sterol O-acyltransferase
Triacylglycerol—sterol_O-acyltransferase
Protein
Non-specific lipid-transfer protein also known as sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP-2) or propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase is a protein that in humans is encoded
SCP2
Class of enzymes
enzymology, a sterol 3beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.173) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP-glucose + a sterol ⇌ {\displaystyle
Sterol 3beta-glucosyltransferase
Sterol_3beta-glucosyltransferase
German chemist (1876–1959)
German chemist who won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1928 for his work on sterols and their relation to vitamins. He was the doctoral advisor of Adolf Butenandt
Adolf_Windaus
Protein family
lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). Concretely, they constitute a family of sterol and phosphoinositide binding and transfer proteins in eukaryotes that are
Oxysterol-binding_protein
Chemical compound
as a Δ7-sterol. This fact distinguishes it from more common plant sterols like β-sitosterol or stigmasterol, which are typically Δ5-sterols. The compound
Citrostadienol
Chemical compound
eukaryotic sterol biosynthesis pathways, notably by inhibiting fungal Δ14 reductases. It has also been reported to inhibit mammalian sterol biosynthesis
Fenpropimorph
Oily chemical involved in sterol synthesis
plants, fungi, and animals produce squalene as a biochemical precursor in sterol biosynthesis, including cholesterol and steroid hormones in the human body
Squalene
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
CYP8B1 (cytochrome P450, family 8, subfamily B, polypeptide 1) also known as sterol 12-alpha-hydroxylase is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CYP8B1
CYP8B1
Chemical compound
Brassicasterol (24-methyl cholest-5,22-dien-3β-ol) is a 28-carbon sterol synthesised by several unicellular algae (phytoplankton) and some terrestrial
Brassicasterol
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Lathosterol oxidase is a Δ7-sterol 5(6)-desaturase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SC5D gene. This gene encodes an enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis
Sterol-C5-desaturase-like
Enzyme
In enzymology, a sterol-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.170) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Sterol-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
Sterol-4alpha-carboxylate_3-dehydrogenase_(decarboxylating)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase, decarboxylating is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NSDHL gene. This enzyme is localized in the endoplasmic
NSDHL
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
removal of sterols from cells and, in the homozygous case, leads to sitosterolemia. Heterozygous individuals show slightly increased sterol absorption
ABCG8
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein, also known as SREBP cleavage-activating protein or SCAP, is a protein that in humans
SREBP cleavage-activating protein
SREBP_cleavage-activating_protein
refers to any sterol compound that differs from cholestane by the addition of a double bond and an alcohol group. By the definition of sterols, the alcohol
Cholestenol
Class of tetracyclic compounds derived from steroids
are now known to produce sterols and it is inferred that the ultimate origin of sterol biosynthesis is in bacteria. Sterols are produced via protosterols
Sterane
British Microbiologist
Medical School as Reader and then Professor. She continues to research sterol metabolism and microbial cytochromes P450 as targets for antifungal agents
Diane_Kelly_(microbiologist)
Chemical compound
Parkeol is a relatively uncommon sterol secondary metabolite found mostly in plants, particularly noted in Butyrospermum parkii (now called Vitellaria
Parkeol
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Delta(14)-sterol reductase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TM7SF2 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000149809 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:
TM7SF2
Enzyme
In enzymology, a cholestenol Δ-isomerase (EC 5.3.3.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons
Cholestenol_Delta-isomerase
Chemical compounds used to kill fungi
"The effect of dose and mobility on the strength of selection for DMI (sterol demethylation inhibitors) fungicide resistance in inoculated field experiments"
Fungicide
Qualitative chemical test, primarily used for detecting cholesterol
chemistry and biochemistry for detecting a presence of cholesterol and other sterols. This biochemical method got its name after German biochemist Ernst Leopold
Salkowski's_test
Chemical compound
environment. In addition, different strains have different levels of plant sterols. A number of new genetic strains are currently being engineered with the
Campesterol
Antifungal chemical compound
of non-fungal conditions. While ketoconazole blocks the synthesis of the sterol ergosterol in fungi, in humans, at high dosages (>800 mg/day), it potently
Ketoconazole
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
transmembrane segments). It contains two main domains: a conserved N-terminal sterol-sensing domain (SSD, amino acid interval: 88–218). The related SSD of SCAP
HMG-CoA_reductase
Common name for snails that normally live in saltwater
Sigmurethra Sea snails are eaten around the world and are a food source of sterols, such as cholesterol, phytosterol, and minerals, which play an important
Sea_snail
Class of enzymes
85) encoded by the MBTPS2 gene which liberates the N-terminal fragment of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors from membranes
Membrane-bound transcription factor site-2 protease
Membrane-bound_transcription_factor_site-2_protease
Chemical compound
that produces vitamin D2. Ergosterol (ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol) is a sterol found in fungi, and named after ergot, the common name of members of the
Ergosterol
Mammalian protein found in humans
NADP+ The DHCR7 gene encodes delta-7-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.21), the ultimate enzyme of mammalian sterol biosynthesis that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol
7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase
7-Dehydrocholesterol_reductase
Chemical compound
(sitostanol) is a phytosterol found in a variety of plant sources. Similar to sterol esters and stanol esters, stigmastanol inhibits the absorption of cholesterol
Stigmastanol
French researcher in plant biochemistry
Mutants affected in sterol biosynthesis, site1 mutant defective in Δ7 sterol-C5-desaturase, sterol mutant overproducing sterols were isolated, transformed
Pierre_Benveniste
Index of chemical compounds with the same molecular formula
a sterol Chondrillasterol, a sterol Clerosterol, a sterol 7-Dehydrositosterol, a sterol Fucosterol, an algal sterol Isofucosterol, an algal sterol 24-Methylenelophenol
C29H48O
Sterol biosynthesized by all animal cells
Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. Cholesterol
Cholesterol
Chemical compound
Dinosterol (4α,23,24-trimethyl-5α-cholest-22E-en-3β-ol) is a 4α-methyl sterol that is produced by several genera of dinoflagellates and is rarely found
Dinosterol
Chemical compound
Emopamil is a calcium channel blocker and a high affinity ligand of human sterol isomerase. Emopamil's structure consists of an organic amino compound, nitrile
Emopamil
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein are endoplasmic reticulum proteins that block the processing of sterol regulatory element–binding proteins (SREBPs) by binding to SREBP cleavage–activating
INSIG2
American research chemist (1899–1975)
synthesis of the human hormones progesterone and testosterone from plant sterols such as stigmasterol and sitosterol. His work laid the foundation for the
Percy_Lavon_Julian
Biological kingdom
Hill. ISBN 978-1-260-08427-6. Gold, David; et al. (22 February 2016). "Sterol and genomic analyses validate the sponge biomarker hypothesis". PNAS. 113
Animal
Rare genetic disease
enzyme, mevalonate-5-phosphate is converted into non-sterol (geranylgeranyl, farnesyl) or sterol isoprenoids (cholesterol). MKD is due to a pathogenic
Mevalonate_kinase_deficiency
Protein domain
revealed that the domain contains an accessible hydrophobic cavity." Upon sterol binding of the cavity, the entry point is closed or partially closed to
VAD1 analog of StAR-related lipid transfer
VAD1_analog_of_StAR-related_lipid_transfer
Abnormally elevated levels of lipids or lipoproteins in the blood
common side effects include bloating and diarrhea. Inhibitors of intestinal sterol absorption, such as ezetimibe, function by decreasing the absorption of
Hyperlipidemia
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
old. In contrast, a molecular clock analysis suggests the emergence of sterol biosynthesis as early as 2.3 billion years ago. The nature of steranes as
Eukaryote
structural basis for sterol sensing and transport, ORP protein family members are known to be essential for sterol signalling and sterol transport functions
Membrane_contact_site
Protein-coding gene in the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c
ERG4 or Delta(24(24(1)))-sterol reductase or Delta(24(28))-sterol reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the last step of ergosterol biosynthesis pathway
ERG4
Protein found in humans
SREBP-mediated regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis: by binding to the sterol-sensing domain of SCAP (SREBP cleavage activating protein) it makes the
Insulin-induced gene 1 protein
Insulin-induced_gene_1_protein
steroid/sterol-specific CYP450s, including: CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase) CYP7B1 (25-hydroxycholesterol 7α-hydroxylase) CYP8B1 (sterol 12α-hydroxylase)
List of cytochrome P450 modulators
List_of_cytochrome_P450_modulators
Species of Penicillium fungus
soil near Poznań in Poland. Penicillium westlingii produces citrinin and sterol. MycoBank "Straininfo of Penicillium westlingii". Archived from the original
Penicillium_westlingii
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
a highly conserved C-terminal OSBP-like sterol-binding domain, although some members contain only the sterol-binding domain. Transcript variants derived
OSBPL1A
Vegetable oil
oils also contain dense amounts of tocopherols, tocotrienols and plant sterols. Oils from sea buckthorn seeds and fruit pulp differ considerably in fatty
Sea_buckthorn_oil
Recessive genetic condition
and in brain tissue. Its expression is induced by decreased sterol concentrations via sterol regulatory binding proteins (SREBP). There is also evidence
Smith–Lemli–Opitz_syndrome
Enzyme
reductase (EC 1.1.1.270) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of keto sterols to the corresponding 3β-hydroxysteroids. For example: lophenol + NADP+
3-Ketosteroid_reductase
Antifungal medication
to K+ leakage, acidification, and death of the fungus. Ergosterol is a sterol unique to fungi, so the drug does not have such catastrophic effects on
Nystatin
cyclization reactions of 2,3-oxidosqualene to form sterols or triterpenes. There are two major groups of sterol-producing OSC enzymes: Cycloartenol synthase
Oxidosqualene_cyclase
American geneticist and Nobel laureate (born 1941)
In 1993, their trainees Xiaodong Wang and Michael Briggs purified the sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Since 1993, Brown, Goldstein
Michael_Stuart_Brown
Chemical compound
chemistry as a reagent in the synthesis of many natural products including sterols, trisporic acids, and terpenoids. Methylene iodide and two equivalents
Hagemann's_ester
Species of bacterium
capable of utilizing testosterone as a carbon source, and degrading other sterols such as ergosterol and estrogens. Strain I2gfp has been used in bioaugmentation
Comamonas_testosteroni
Chemical compound
Amorolfine (or amorolfin), is a morpholine antifungal drug that inhibits Δ14-sterol reductase and cholestenol Δ-isomerase, which depletes ergosterol and causes
Amorolfine
Wood from angiosperm trees
with glycerol, fatty alcohols (waxes) and sterols (steryl esters), hydrocarbons, such as alkanes, sterols, such as sitosterol, sitostanol and campesterol
Hardwood
Yellow waxy substance secreted by the sebaceous glands of wool-bearing animals
(glycerol esters), it is not a true fat. Lanolin primarily consists of sterol esters instead. Lanolin's waterproofing property aids sheep in shedding
Lanolin
Protein-coding gene in humans
metabolic process regulation of plasma membrane sterol distribution sterol metabolic process intracellular sterol transport Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs
ARV1
German chemist (1909–1940)
June 1909 – 14 December 1940) was a German chemist and investigator of sterols and bile acids. Erhard Fernholz was the eldest son of Gustav Fernholz and
Erhard_Fernholz
Protein found in humans
hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds lipase activity sterol esterase activity Cellular component lysosome fibrillar center lysosomal
Lipase_A,_lysosomal_acid_type
Class of lipids
characteristic. In eukaryotes, cell membranes also contain another class of lipid, sterol, interspersed among the phospholipids. The combination provides fluidity
Phospholipid
Inflammatory disease involving a buildup of lesions in the walls of arteries
atherosclerotic plaques. miR-33a and miR-33b are located on intron 16 of human sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) gene on chromosome 22 and
Atherosclerosis
Species of bacteria
known to synthesize sterols, a process critical to the maintenance of eukaryotic cell membranes and ubiquitous in eukaryotes. The sterols identified in the
Gemmata_obscuriglobus
Chemical compound
hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) Miconazole inhibits the fungal enzyme 14α-sterol demethylase, resulting in a reduced production of ergosterol. In addition
Miconazole
Pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis
makes polyene antifungals amphiphilic. The polyene antimycotics bind with sterols in the fungal cell membrane, principally ergosterol. This changes the transition
Antifungal
Class of cell surface receptors
not recognized in current nomenclature. The fungal protein ERG2, a C-8 sterol isomerase, falls into the same protein family as sigma-1. Both localize
Sigma_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Sterol O-acyltransferase 2, also known as SOAT2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SOAT2 gene. This gene is a member of a small family of
SOAT2
Family of protein complexes
(ABC) transporters which found to be indispensable for the regulation of sterol absorption and excretion. Mutations in either genes result in a lipid disorder
Sterolin
Chemical compound
is classified as a cholestadienol, a subgroup of a wider known group of sterols, which naturally occur in eukaryotes. The presence of desmosterol in oceans
Desmosterol
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