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Format for notating atoms and molecules
Spectroscopic notation provides a way to specify atomic ionization states, atomic orbitals, and molecular orbitals. Spectroscopists customarily refer to
Spectroscopic_notation
Notation in quantum physics
written optionally in order to specify a level. L is written using spectroscopic notation: for example, it is written "S", "P", "D", or "F" to represent L
Term_symbol
Method of labeling atomic orbitals
atomic orbitals are described with spectroscopic notation (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, etc.), but the more traditional X-ray notation is still used with most X-ray
X-ray_notation
Study involving matter and electromagnetic radiation
Spectral line ratios Spectral power distribution Spectral theory Spectroscopic notation Telluric contamination Virtually imaged phased array Joosten, Heinz-Gerd;
Spectroscopy
Oxygen ion in astronomy and atomic physics
atomic physics, doubly ionized oxygen is the ion O2+ (O III in spectroscopic notation). Its emission of forbidden lines in the visible spectrum fall primarily
Doubly_ionized_oxygen
Set of adjacent groups
g-block. The block names (s, p, d, and f) are derived from the spectroscopic notation for the value of an electron's azimuthal quantum number: sharp (0)
Block_(periodic_table)
Symmetry of molecules of chemical compounds
including X-ray crystallography and various forms of spectroscopy. Spectroscopic notation is based on symmetry considerations. There are three types of symmetry
Molecular_symmetry
Oxygen with all of its electrons spin paired
quantum spin of 1, corresponding to three degenerate states. In spectroscopic notation, the lowest singlet and triplet forms of O2 are labeled 1Δg and
Singlet_oxygen
Meson whose constituents are a quark and its own antiquark of the same flavor
In the following table, the same particle can be named with the spectroscopic notation or with its mass. In some cases excitation series are used: ψ′ is
Quarkonium
Rules to determine the ground state of an atom
silicon. The electron configuration of Si is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 (see spectroscopic notation). We need to consider only the outer 3p2 electrons, for which it
Hund's_rules
Model for the potential energy of a diatomic molecule
dimensional analysis, for historical reasons the last equation uses spectroscopic notation in which ω e {\displaystyle \ \omega _{e}\ } represents a wavenumber
Morse_potential
Fe13+ or Fe XIV in spectroscopic notation, found in the Sun's corona, or naked uranium, U92+ (U XCIII in spectroscopic notation), which is bare of all
Highly_charged_ion
Atoms of the same element, but different mass
chemical symbol is used, e.g. "C" for carbon, standard notation (also known as "AZE notation" as it is written AZE where A is the mass number, Z the
Isotope
Unitary operation that transforms a particle in its antiparticle
|f\,{\bar {f}}\rangle ~.} Bound states can be described with the spectroscopic notation 2S+1LJ (see term symbol), where S is the total spin quantum number
C_parity
Component of an atomic nucleus
particle's approximate mass, L is the orbital angular momentum (in the spectroscopic notation) of the nucleon–meson pair, produced when it decays, and I and J
Nucleon
Organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groups
phase, where there is essentially no dielectric screening or solvation, spectroscopic and computational studies show that the lowest-energy structures of
Amino_acid
Analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces
Figure 1(b) illustrates this transition with the corresponding spectroscopic notation. The energy level of the core hole will often determine which transition
Auger_electron_spectroscopy
Star system in the constellation Taurus
specifically in the emission lines of singly ionized magnesium (Mg II in spectroscopic notation). This corresponds to three interstellar clouds occupying the space
HD_28736
Class of molecular symmetry
{\displaystyle \Lambda } can be used as a term symbol. By analogy with the spectroscopic notation S, P, D, F, ... used for atoms, it is customary to associate code
Symmetry of diatomic molecules
Symmetry_of_diatomic_molecules
Notation in physics and chemistry
λ = | m ℓ | {\displaystyle \lambda =|m_{\ell }|} Following the spectroscopic notation pattern, molecular orbitals are designated by a lower case Greek
Molecular_term_symbol
Topics referred to by the same term
triplet state with total orbital angular momentum 1 ("principal" in spectroscopic notation) 3p, a subshell atomic orbital Three parallel ports, such as in
3P
electron (the others being the principal quantum number, following spectroscopic notation, the magnetic quantum number, and the spin quantum number). It is
Glossary_of_engineering:_A–L
Classification type of a class of astronomical objects
classifications are described below: The Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2 or S3OS2, also known as the Lazzaro classification) observed
Asteroid_spectral_types
Surname list
(1886–1978), Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize in 1924 Siegbahn notation, spectroscopic notation for x-ray lines introduced by Manne Siegbahn X unit, unit of
Siegbahn
splatter Spectral triple Spectrogram Spectrograph Spectroradiometer Spectroscopic notation Spectroscopy Specular reflection Speed Speed of electricity Speed
Index_of_physics_articles_(S)
Planetary nebula in the constellation Camelopardalis
broad emission lines of C+, C2+, and C3+ (C II, C III, and C IV in spectroscopic notation), of which the lines of C+ are the strongest, consistent with the
M4-18
Series of lines in atomic spectra
the principal series appeared in both absorption and emission. "Spectroscopic Notation" (PDF). Classical Concept Review, #19. Caltech Department of Astronomy
Principal series (spectroscopy)
Principal_series_(spectroscopy)
File format that stores chemical formulae and structures
SMILES", which describes a chemical reaction. SYBYL Line Notation (SLN) is a chemical line notation. Based on SMILES, it incorporates a complete syntax for
Chemical_file_format
Star in the constellation Ophiuchus
singly ionized magnesium and neutral helium (Mg II and He I in spectroscopic notation). HD 161056 is a runaway star and a candidate for producing a bow
HD_161056
Pairs of molecules with same chemical formula showing different spatial orientations
principle, cis–trans notation should not be used for alkenes with two or more different substituents. Instead the E–Z notation is used based on the priority
Cis–trans_isomerism
M-type supergiant in the constellation Vela
indicates that the elements are in their singly ionized state in spectroscopic notation). A detailed analysis of the pair was first conducted in 1970, which
HD_300933
Graph used in astrophysics
Wallerstein (1962) is shown as red circles on top of the 2020 public data from the large scale stellar spectroscopic surveys APOGEE (DR16) and GALAH (DR3).
(α/Fe)_versus_(Fe/H)_diagram
Principal energy levels in atomic physics
etc. that were used in the Bohr model. They are used in the spectroscopic Siegbahn notation. The work of assigning electrons to shells was continued from
Electron_shell
Mode of arrangement of electrons in different shells of an atom
Ca, Sc, Ti. The second notation groups all orbitals with the same value of n together, corresponding to the "spectroscopic" order of orbital energies
Electron_configuration
Measure of chemical reaction in cement
Si(OH)4, in the geochemical notation): Ca(OH)2 + H4SiO4 → CaH2SiO4·2 H2O or summarized in abbreviated cement chemist notation: CH + SH → C-S-H The pozzolanic
Pozzolanic_activity
Type of molecular geometry
lone pairs of electrons are bonded to the central atom, written in AXE notation as AX3E2. The T-shaped geometry is related to the trigonal bipyramidal
T-shaped_molecular_geometry
Topics referred to by the same term
high-definition version of LaserDisc based on the above Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer, an instrument at the Very Large Telescope MUSE, a brand name
Muse_(disambiguation)
Class of chemical compounds
Carboxylates bind to single metals by one or both oxygen atoms, the respective notation being κ1- and κ2-. In terms of electron counting, κ1-carboxylates are "X"-type
Transition metal carboxylate complex
Transition_metal_carboxylate_complex
Spectroscopic technique
Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/; named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules
Raman_spectroscopy
Autoprotolysis or exchange of a proton between two water molecules
Later spectroscopic evidence has shown that many protons are actually hydrated by more than one water molecule. The most descriptive notation for the
Self-ionization_of_water
Function describing an electron in an atom
description by early spectroscopists of certain series of alkali metal spectroscopic lines as sharp, principal, diffuse, and fundamental. Orbitals for ℓ
Atomic_orbital
Sudden increase in x-ray absorption
of the atoms interacting with the photons. The term is based on X-ray notation, where the innermost electron shell is known as the K-shell. Physically
K-edge
Material science measurement method
quantities that depend on them. Spectroscopic reflectance, R(λ), is one such measurable quantity. Another, is spectroscopic transmittance, T(λ), applicable
Refractive index and extinction coefficient of thin film materials
Refractive_index_and_extinction_coefficient_of_thin_film_materials
Difference in shape from a mirror image
biochemistry in respect to biological, chemical, materials, pharmacological, spectroscopic and physical properties. Creutz, Michael (2018). From quarks to pions:
Chirality
Binary star in the constellation Cetus
Fourth Star of Square Celestial Granary). Zeta Ceti is a single-lined spectroscopic binary system with an orbital period of 4.5 years and an eccentricity
Zeta_Ceti
Quantum number denoting orbital angular momentum
features observed in spectroscopic methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. (The notation is slightly different
Azimuthal_quantum_number
Brightest star in the constellation Boötes
giants in the CoRoT asteroseismology fields combining asteroseismic and spectroscopic constraints". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 580: A141. arXiv:1505.01529
Arcturus
Relative abundance of heavy elements in a star or other astronomical object
and calibrated systems that correlate photometric measurements and spectroscopic measurements (see also Spectrophotometry). For example, the Johnson
Metallicity
Binary star in the constellation Capricornus
Slipher of Lowell Observatory discovered that Delta Capricorni A was a spectroscopic binary. The orbit was determined in 1921 by Clifford Crump using 69
Delta_Capricorni
Different states of quantum systems
3, 4, …) or are labeled alphabetically with letters used in the X-ray notation (K, L, M, N, …). Each shell can contain only a fixed number of electrons:
Energy_level
Star in the constellation Lyra
announced in 1973 by H. A. Abt and M. A. Snowden. It is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with a preliminary orbital period of 4.59 years and an eccentricity
HD_172044
Star in the constellation Pavo
1% of the star's radius, but only contains 4.8% of the star's mass. Spectroscopic examination of Delta Pavonis shows that it has a higher abundance of
Delta_Pavonis
Type of emission nebula created by dying red giants
today. The nature of planetary nebulae remained unknown until the first spectroscopic observations were made in the mid-19th century. Using a prism to disperse
Planetary_nebula
Star in the constellation Delphinus
located about 223 light years from the Sun. This is a double-lined spectroscopic binary system with an orbital period of 40.58 days. The two components
Delta_Delphini
magic nucleus, as is observed for the 68Ni isotone. However, subsequent spectroscopic measurements of the nearby nuclides 56Ca, 58Ca, and 62Ti instead predict
Isotopes_of_calcium
Classification of stars based on spectral properties
Barbá, R. H.; Walborn, N. R.; et al. (March 2014). "The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS). II. Bright Southern Stars". The Astrophysical Journal
Stellar_classification
Stellar system in the constellation Carina
clearly resolved spectroscopically due to scattering and re-excitation in the surrounding nebulosity. Periodic photometric and spectroscopic variations prompted
Eta_Carinae
German mathematician and physicist (1801–1868)
Analytisch-geometrische Entwicklungen, which introduced the method of "abridged notation". In 1831 he published the second volume, in which he clearly established
Julius_Plücker
Chemical bond theory
indicating the Lewis base donating electrons toward the Lewis acid using the notation of a dative bond—for example, Me3B←NH3. Some sources indicate the Lewis
Lewis_acids_and_bases
Heterogeneous class of stars with unusual spectra
dramatically during the last few years as the result of photometric and spectroscopic surveys in the near-infrared dedicated to discovering this kind of object
Wolf–Rayet_star
Star in the constellation Draco
W. Campbell of the Lick Observatory in 1911. It is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 2.66 years (972.84 d) and an eccentricity
HD_175535
Small number of stars that orbit each other
binary star which, upon closer inspection, can be seen to consist of two spectroscopic binary stars. By itself, this would be a quadruple hierarchy 2 system
Star_system
Binary star system in the constellation Serpens
Observatory and was announced by J. H. Moore in 1924. It is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 14.58 years and an eccentricity of
16_Serpentis
table shows the ten most common elements in our galaxy (estimated spectroscopically), as measured in parts per million, by mass. Nearby galaxies that
Abundance of the chemical elements
Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements
Triple star system in the constellation Auriga
radial velocity of −28 km/s. The primary component is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 1.19 years and an eccentricity of 0
16_Aurigae
Star in the constellation Aries
traditional name for the Gamma Arietis system. γ1 Arietis may itself be a spectroscopic binary with a low mass companion. The double star nature of this system
Gamma_Arietis
Star in the constellation Pegasus
Harper used this technique to measure the period of this single-line spectroscopic binary and determined it to be 21.724 days. He also initially estimated
IK_Pegasi
Binary star system in the constellation Cancer
was discovered by W. W. Campbell in 1922. Xi Cancri is a single-lined spectroscopic binary star system with an orbital period of 4.66 years, an eccentricity
Xi_Cancri
Spline function
computed and the method was applied for smoothing and differentiation of spectroscopic curves. In a comparable study, the two-dimensional version of the Savitzky–Golay
B-spline
Star in the constellation Ara
evolved subgiant star with a stellar classification of B2 IVe. The 'e' notation indicates the spectrum displays emission lines, which means this is a Be
Iota_Arae
Binary star system in the constellation Draco
6 Draconis is a single-lined spectroscopic binary star system in the northern constellation of Draco, located about 430 light years away from the Sun
6_Draconis
Star in the constellation Lyra
Kautoki for ζ1 Lyrae A on 18 June 2026. ζ1 Lyrae was discovered to be a spectroscopic binary by William Wallace Campbell and Heber Doust Curtis in 1905 from
Zeta1_Lyrae
Star in the constellation Eridanus
star with a stellar classification of K1.5 IIIb CN0.5, where the suffix notation indicates the spectrum shows a mild overabundance of the cyano radical
H_Eridani
may exceed 1011 or even 1012 M☉. Masses are here given in scientific notation. Values with uncertainties are written in parentheses when possible. Different
List of most massive black holes
List_of_most_massive_black_holes
Star in the constellation Hydra
of 266°, as of 2016. The brighter, magnitude 4.32 component A is a spectroscopic binary. As of 2009, the orbital solution for this pair is of low quality
12_Hydrae
Star in the constellation Andromeda
giant star with a stellar classification of G6 III Fe−3 CH1. The suffix notation indicates there is a strong underabundance of iron in the spectrum, and
Epsilon_Andromedae
Star in the constellation Libra
giant star with a stellar classification of K3-III CN2, where the suffix notation indicates this is a strong CN star with a high overabundance of cyanogen
42_Librae
Binary star in the constellation Ursa Major
extinction factor of 0.19 due to interstellar dust. This is a single-lined spectroscopic binary star system with an orbital period of 2.9 years and an eccentricity
Tau_Ursae_Majoris
Star in the constellation Andromeda
sphere at the rate of 0.386 arcsecond/year. This is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 4.3155 yr and an eccentricity of 0
6_Persei
Star in the constellation Vulpecula
a B-type star with a stellar classification of B8 IIIn, where the 'n' notation indicates "nebulous" lines due to rapid rotation. It has a high rate of
9_Vulpeculae
Air monitoring technique
method exists, where instead of beta particle flow an X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopic monitoring is applied on the either side of air flow contact with the
Beta_attenuation_monitoring
Stony main-belt asteroid
gives an estimated maximum temperature of 301 K (+28 °C) at perihelion. Spectroscopic studies of the Junonian surface permit the conclusion that Juno could
3_Juno
Star in the constellation Cassiopeia
star with a stellar classification of G8 IIIb Fe−0.5, where the suffix notation indicates a mild underabundance of iron in the spectrum. With the supply
Upsilon2_Cassiopeiae
(1904) and Langevin (1904). This list also mentions the origins of standard notation (like c) and terminology (like theory of relavity). Theories other than
Timeline of special relativity and the speed of light
Timeline_of_special_relativity_and_the_speed_of_light
Binary star system in the constellation Ursa Minor
a heliocentric radial velocity of +5.9 km/s. This is a single-lined spectroscopic binary star system with an orbital period of 1.66 years and an eccentricity
4_Ursae_Minoris
Binary star system in the constellation Eridanus
the List of IAU-approved Star Names. Zeta Eridani is a single-lined spectroscopic binary system with an orbital period of 17.9 days and an eccentricity
Zeta_Eridani
Star in the constellation Scutum
of type G with a stellar classification of G9 IIIb Fe−0.5. The suffix notation indicates the spectrum displays a mild underabundance of iron. It has 1
Zeta_Scuti
Indian national space and aeronautics agency
Earth-Sun L2 point. The mission is under internal clearances. The Indian Spectroscopic and Imaging Space Telescope (INSIST) will produce high-resolution deep
ISRO
Tabular arrangement of the chemical elements
chemistry and electron configuration is more complicated than that. Early spectroscopic evidence seemed to confirm these configurations, and thus the periodic
Periodic_table
Formulation of quantum mechanics
wave formulation of quantum mechanics, as manifest in Dirac's bra–ket notation. In some contrast to the wave formulation, it produces spectra of (mostly
Matrix_mechanics
Branch of mathematics that studies the properties of groups
determine physical properties (such as chemical polarity and chirality), spectroscopic properties (particularly useful for Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy
Group_theory
visualization developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory SPC – SPC, spectroscopic data EAS3 – binary format for structured data EOSSA – Electro-Optic
List_of_file_formats
Organic compound
where water will react with other chemicals, and as fuel alcohol. Spectroscopic ethanol is an absolute ethanol with a low absorbance in ultraviolet
Ethanol
Astrophysical phenomenon
Gilmore, Gerry; Randich, Sofia (March 2012). "The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey". The Messenger. 147 (147). Garching, Germany: European Southern
Supernova
Star in the constellation Cygnus
a heliocentric radial velocity of −15 km/s. This is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of about 85.67 years (31,292 d) and an
39_Cygni
Earth, a natural material
Nadia Régina; Bueno, Guilherme (15 June 2008). "Micromorphology and spectroscopic characteristics of organic matter in waterlogged podzols of the upper
Soil
Star in the constellation Hydra
IIIb Fe-1:, most likely (98% chance) on the red giant branch. The suffix notation indicates an underabundance of iron in the spectrum, and some uncertainty
58_Hydrae
Star in the constellation Capricornus
excess attributed to a white dwarf companion. It is a single-lined spectroscopic binary system with an orbital period of 6.5 years and an eccentricity
Zeta_Capricorni
Theory describing chemical reaction rates
reaction if its rate constant has been experimentally determined (the ‡ notation refers to the value of interest at the transition state; ΔH‡ is the difference
Transition_state_theory
Smallest unit of a chemical element
sees a series of emission lines from the photons emitted by the atoms. Spectroscopic measurements of the strength and width of atomic spectral lines allow
Atom
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n.
The act or practice of recording anything by marks, figures, or characters.
n.
An optical instrument for forming and examining spectra (as that of solar light, or those produced by flames in which different substances are volatilized), so as to determine, from the position of the spectral lines, the composition of the substance.
n.
Any particular system of characters, symbols, or abbreviated expressions used in art or science, to express briefly technical facts, quantities, etc. Esp., the system of figures, letters, and signs used in arithmetic and algebra to express number, quantity, or operations.
n.
The several colored and other rays of which light is composed, separated by the refraction of a prism or other means, and observed or studied either as spread out on a screen, by direct vision, by photography, or otherwise. See Illust. of Light, and Spectroscope.
n.
A spectroscope arranged to be attached to a telescope for observation of distant objects, as the sun or stars.
a.
Of or pertaining to a spectroscope, or spectroscopy.
n.
A table showing the notation, length, or duration of the several notes.
n.
A spectroscope arranged for attachment to a microscope, for observation of the spectrum of light from minute portions of any substance.
n.
The act of specifying or determining by a mark or limit; notation of limits.
n.
A method of notation for all spoken sounds, proposed by Mr. Sweet; -- so called because it is based on the common Roman-letter alphabet. It is like the palaeotype of Mr. Ellis in the general plan, but simpler.
n.
One who investigates by means of a spectroscope; one skilled in the use of the spectroscope.
n.
The use of the spectroscope; investigations made with the spectroscope.
n.
According to the French and American notation, a thousand octillions, or a unit with thirty ciphers annexed; according to the English notation, a million octillions, or a unit with fifty-four ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.
a.
Relating to, or made by means of, the electroscope.
n.
Literal or etymological signification.
n.
A spectroscope fitted for measurements of the luminious spectra observed with it.
n.
The practice of using symbols, or the system of notation developed thereby.
n.
An instrument devised by Hermann, for regulating and measuring the thickness of a layer of blood for spectroscopic examination.
n.
According to the French notation, which is used upon the Continent generally and in the United States, the number expressed by a unit with twelve ciphers annexed; a million millions; according to the English notation, the number produced by involving a million to the third power, or the number represented by a unit with eighteen ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.
a.
Alt. of Spectroscopical