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Random data used as an additional input to a hash function
In cryptography, a salt is random data fed as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes data, a password or passphrase. Salting helps defend
Salt_(cryptography)
Cryptographic secret, not public in contrast to salt
In cryptography, a pepper is a secret added to an input such as a password during hashing with a cryptographic hash function. This value differs from
Pepper_(cryptography)
Single-use value in secure communications
In cryptography, a nonce is an arbitrary number that can be used just once in a cryptographic communication. It is often a random or pseudo-random number
Cryptographic_nonce
Topics referred to by the same term
reasons Salt (cryptography), a method to secure passwords Salted bomb, a nuclear weapon specifically engineered to enhance residual radioactivity Salting (confidence
Salting
Topics referred to by the same term
Salt-and-pepper noise, a form of noise typically seen on images Salt (cryptography) and pepper (cryptography), additional input to a hashing function that acts as
Salt and pepper (disambiguation)
Salt_and_pepper_(disambiguation)
Topics referred to by the same term
album So Numb, 2017 "Salt", a mini-opera for alto voice, amplified cello and electronics by Missy Mazzoli from 2012 Salt (cryptography), random data that
Salt_(disambiguation)
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
if calculation of the hash does not take too much time. The use of cryptographic salt prevents some attacks, such as building files of precomputing hash
Cryptographic_hash_function
Key derivation function
passphrase along with a salt value and repeats the process many times to produce a derived key, which can then be used as a cryptographic key in subsequent
PBKDF2
Adding data to a message prior to encryption to hide its length
In cryptography, padding is any of a number of distinct practices which all include adding data to the beginning, middle, or end of a message prior to
Padding_(cryptography)
Value used to initialize a pseudo-random number generator
the time), a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator or from a hardware random number generator. Map seed Salt (cryptography) Pseudorandomness
Random_seed
Attack model against cryptographic hash functions
In cryptography, a preimage attack on cryptographic hash functions tries to find a message that has a specific hash value. A cryptographic hash function
Preimage_attack
Used for encoding or decoding ciphertext
A key in cryptography is a piece of information, usually a string of numbers or letters that are stored in a file, which, when processed through a cryptographic
Key_(cryptography)
Password algorithm Cryptographic hash function Hash collision Hash-based cryptography Cryptographic nonce Salt (cryptography) Cryptographic strength Block
List of cybersecurity information technologies
List_of_cybersecurity_information_technologies
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
Cryptography, or cryptology, is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. More generally,
Cryptography
and topical guide to cryptography: Cryptography (or cryptology) – practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines
Outline_of_cryptography
Key derivation function of password hash
the newer directory services (ds) system. Key derivation function Salt (cryptography) crypt(3) – FreeBSD Library Functions Manual Simson Garfinkel, Alan
Crypt_(C)
Password cracking dataset
A rainbow table is a precomputed table for caching the outputs of a cryptographic hash function, usually for cracking password hashes. Passwords are typically
Rainbow_table
Encryption method
encryption), or to simply not use convergent encryption in the first place. Salt (cryptography) Deterministic encryption Secure Data Deduplication, Mark W. Storer
Convergent_encryption
Function that derives secret keys from a secret value
In cryptography, a key derivation function (KDF) is a cryptographic algorithm that derives one or more secret keys from a secret value such as a master
Key_derivation_function
Computer communications authentication algorithm
In cryptography, an HMAC (sometimes expanded as either keyed-hash message authentication code or hash-based message authentication code) is a specific
HMAC
Type of data structure
In cryptography and computer science, a hash tree or Merkle tree is a tree in which every "leaf" node is labelled with the cryptographic hash of a data
Merkle_tree
Web content management framework
scheduler Introduced the new caching framework Security improvements with Salt (cryptography) & RSA Integration of Extbase & Fluid features Current version: 4
TYPO3
Input to a cryptographic primitive
In cryptography, an initialization vector (IV) or starting variable is an input to a cryptographic primitive being used to provide the initial state.
Initialization_vector
Articles related to cryptography include: A5/1 • A5/2 • ABA digital signature guidelines • ABC (stream cipher) • Abraham Sinkov • Acoustic cryptanalysis
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
Cryptography software library
NaCl (Networking and Cryptography Library, pronounced "salt") is a public domain, high-speed software library for cryptography. NaCl was created by the
NaCl_(software)
Open competition to select password hash functions
cryptography Merkle tree Message authentication Proof of work Salt Pepper v t e Cryptography General History of cryptography Outline of cryptography Classical
Password_Hashing_Competition
Key derivation function based on an HMAC
optional, non-secret, random or pseudorandom salt ( r {\displaystyle r} ); and generates a cryptographic key called the P R K {\displaystyle \mathrm {PRK}
HKDF
Information used for message authentication and integrity checking
In cryptography, a message authentication code (MAC), sometimes known as an authentication tag, is a short piece of information used for authenticating
Message_authentication_code
Theory of cryptography
In cryptography, a sponge function or sponge construction is any of a class of algorithms with finite internal state that take an input bit stream of any
Sponge_function
Message-digest hashing algorithm
a cryptographic hash function; however it has been found to suffer from extensive vulnerabilities. It remains suitable for other non-cryptographic purposes
MD5
Set of cryptographic algorithms by the NSA
(CNSA) is a set of cryptographic algorithms promulgated by the National Security Agency as a replacement for NSA Suite B Cryptography algorithms. It serves
Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite
Commercial_National_Security_Algorithm_Suite
Techniques to protect against brute-force attack
In cryptography, key stretching techniques are used to make a possibly weak key, typically a password or passphrase, more secure against a brute-force
Key_stretching
Cryptographic hash function
Wikifunctions has an SHA-1 function. In cryptography, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a hash function which takes an input and produces a 160-bit (20-byte)
SHA-1
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
In cryptography, a brute-force attack or exhaustive key search is a cryptanalytic attack that consists of an attacker submitting many possible keys or
Brute-force_attack
System to verify the source and or authenticity of a message
authenticate information transmitted between them. It is based on using a cryptographic hash or symmetric encryption algorithm. The authentication key is only
Message_authentication
Password-based key derivation function
Blowfish cipher and presented at USENIX in 1999. Besides incorporating a salt to protect against rainbow table attacks, bcrypt is an adaptive function:
Bcrypt
Topics referred to by the same term
intravenous hydration NaCl (software), a public domain networking and cryptography library Google NaCl, a sandboxing technology Naci (disambiguation) NAC1
NaCl_(disambiguation)
Cryptography algorithm
In cryptography, a block cipher mode of operation is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide information security such as confidentiality or authenticity
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
In cryptography, Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptographic block ciphers. The proposal was first published in 2007
Galois/Counter_Mode
Cryptography primitive
Panama is a cryptographic primitive which can be used both as a hash function and a stream cipher, but its hash function mode of operation has been broken
Panama_(cryptography)
Cryptographic hash function
(SM3) is a cryptographic hash function, standardised for use in commercial cryptography in China. It was published by the State Cryptography Administration
SM3_(hash_function)
Deleting data by deleting encryption keys
Crypto-shredding or crypto erase (cryptographic erasure) is the practice of rendering encrypted data unusable by deliberately deleting or overwriting
Crypto-shredding
System that regulates the formation of blocks on a blockchain
work (also written as proof-of-work, and abbreviated PoW) is a form of cryptographic proof in which one party (the prover) proves to others (the verifiers)
Proof_of_work
Set of cryptographic hash functions
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published
SHA-2
Cryptographic attack
In cryptography, a collision attack on a cryptographic hash tries to find two inputs producing the same hash value, i.e. a hash collision. This is in
Collision_attack
Concept in cryptography
In cryptography, the avalanche effect is the desirable property of cryptographic algorithms, typically block ciphers and cryptographic hash functions
Avalanche_effect
2009 password-based key derivation function
In cryptography, scrypt (pronounced "ess crypt") is a password-based key derivation function created by Colin Percival in March 2009, originally for the
Scrypt
Tables comparing general and technical information for common hashes
following tables compare general and technical information for a number of cryptographic hash functions. See the individual functions' articles for further information
Comparison of cryptographic hash functions
Comparison_of_cryptographic_hash_functions
2015 password-based key derivation function
password (P): Bytes (0..232-1) Password (or message) to be hashed salt (S): Bytes (8..232-1) Salt (16 bytes recommended for password hashing) parallelism (p):
Argon2
Hash function phenomenon
("range"), making collisions inevitable ("pigeonhole principle"). For the cryptographic hash functions (CHFs), the output is a compact representative of particular
Hash_collision
Type of challenge–response authentication
In cryptography, the Salted Challenge Response Authentication Mechanism (SCRAM) is a family of modern, password-based challenge–response authentication
Salted Challenge Response Authentication Mechanism
Salted_Challenge_Response_Authentication_Mechanism
Cryptographic hash function
BLAKE is a cryptographic hash function based on Daniel J. Bernstein's ChaCha stream cipher, but a permuted copy of the input block, XORed with round constants
BLAKE_(hash_function)
Authenticated encryption with associated data algorithm
7634. Proposed Standard. "Do the ChaCha: better mobile performance with cryptography". The Cloudflare Blog. 2015-02-23. Retrieved 2021-12-28. A. Langley;
ChaCha20-Poly1305
Former end-to-end encryption application
"Peerio utilizes the NaCl (pronounced "salt") cryptographic framework, which itself uses the following cryptographic primitives: X25519 for public key agreement
Peerio
Any attack based on information gained from the implementation of a computer system
information. These attacks differ from those targeting flaws in the design of cryptographic protocols or algorithms (notwithstanding the fact that cryptanalysis
Side-channel_attack
Security feature in Microsoft Office
Singapore. "Cryptography and encryption settings for Office 2013". docs.microsoft.com. 26 December 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2018. DHB-MSFT. "Cryptography and encryption
Microsoft Office password protection
Microsoft_Office_password_protection
Type of authentication protocol
impractical to implement a true nonce, a strong cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator and cryptographic hash function can generate challenges that
Challenge–response authentication
Challenge–response_authentication
Cryptographic hash function
Shabal is a cryptographic hash function submitted by the France-funded research project Saphir to NIST's international competition on hash functions.
Shabal
Obsolete cryptographic hash function
The MD2 Message-Digest Algorithm is an obsolete cryptographic hash function developed by Ronald Rivest in 1989. The algorithm is optimized for 8-bit computers
MD2_(hash_function)
Password-based key derivation function
yescrypt is a cryptographic key derivation function used for password hashing on Fedora Linux, Debian, Ubuntu, and Arch Linux. The function is more resistant
Yescrypt
Message authentication code algorithm
cryptography Merkle tree Message authentication Proof of work Salt Pepper v t e Cryptography General History of cryptography Outline of cryptography Classical
PMAC_(cryptography)
Cryptographic hash function
RIPEMD (RIPE Message Digest) is a family of cryptographic hash functions developed in 1992 (the original RIPEMD) and 1996 (other variants). There are
RIPEMD
Cryptographic hash function
Skein is a cryptographic hash function and one of five finalists in the NIST hash function competition. Entered as a candidate to become the SHA-3 standard
Skein_(hash_function)
Cryptographic hash function
The MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm is a cryptographic hash function developed by Ronald Rivest in 1990. The digest length is 128 bits. The algorithm has
MD4
Attack against cryptographical hash functions
In cryptography and computer security, a length extension attack is a type of attack where an attacker can use Hash(message1) and the length of message1
Length_extension_attack
Type of message authentication code
In cryptography, a universal hashing message authentication code, or UMAC, is a message authentication code (MAC) calculated using universal hashing, which
UMAC_(cryptography)
Augmented password-authenticated key exchange protocol
interesting properties of the protocol is that even if one or two of the cryptographic primitives it uses are attacked, it is still secure. The SRP protocol
Secure Remote Password protocol
Secure_Remote_Password_protocol
Encryption method
Katz, J.; Lindell, Y. (2020). Introduction to Modern Cryptography. Chapman & Hall/CRC Cryptography and Network Security Series. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-351-13301-2
Authenticated_encryption
In cryptography, cryptographic hash functions can be divided into two main categories. In the first category are those functions whose designs are based
Security of cryptographic hash functions
Security_of_cryptographic_hash_functions
Set of cryptographic hash functions
MD5-like structure of SHA-1 and SHA-2. SHA-3 is a subset of the broader cryptographic primitive family Keccak (/ˈkɛtʃæk/ or /ˈkɛtʃɑːk/), designed by Guido
SHA-3
Method of building collision-resistant cryptographic hash functions
In cryptography, the Merkle–Damgård construction or Merkle–Damgård hash function is a method of building collision-resistant cryptographic hash functions
Merkle–Damgård_construction
(smaller than a salt grain) items was projected at less than ten U.S. cents. According to journalist Giulio Prisco, "The cryptographic anchors project
Cryptographic_anchor
COVID-19 contact tracing software
is verified, and a static PseudoID is returned. The PseudoID is a salted cryptographic hash of the UserID, designed to allow foreign health authorities
BlueTrace
Hash functions
November 2014). "Differential Cryptanalysis of SipHash". Selected Areas in Cryptography -- SAC 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 8781. pp. 165–182
SipHash
Russian cryptographic hash function
Стрибог) is a cryptographic hash function defined in the Russian national standard GOST R 34.11-2012 Information Technology – Cryptographic Information
Streebog
Message authentication code algorithm
cryptography Merkle tree Message authentication Proof of work Salt Pepper v t e Cryptography General History of cryptography Outline of cryptography Classical
One-key_MAC
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network, such as the Internet.
Transport_Layer_Security
Publicly known attacks against cryptographic hash functions
This article summarizes publicly known attacks against cryptographic hash functions. Note that not all entries may be up to date. For a summary of other
Hash function security summary
Hash_function_security_summary
Type of cryptographic attack
attack BHT Algorithm "Avoiding collisions, Cryptographic hash functions" (PDF). Foundations of Cryptography, Computer Science Department, Wellesley College
Birthday_attack
(September 1984). "Correlation-Immunity of Nonlinear Combining Functions for Cryptographic Applications". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 30 (5): 776–780
Correlation_immunity
Cryptographic hash function
In computer science and cryptography, Whirlpool (sometimes styled WHIRLPOOL) is a cryptographic hash function. It was designed by Vincent Rijmen (co-creator
Whirlpool_(hash_function)
Universal hash family used for message authentication in cryptography
universal hash family designed by Daniel J. Bernstein in 2002 for use in cryptography. As with any universal hash family, Poly1305 can be used as a one-time
Poly1305
Authenticated encryption mode with resistance against nonce reuse
Galois/Counter Mode as well as misuse resistance in the event of the reuse of a cryptographic nonce. The construction is defined in RFC 8452. AES-GCM-SIV is designed
AES-GCM-SIV
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
authentication code; counter with CBC-MAC) is a mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. It is an authenticated encryption algorithm designed
CCM_mode
Windows API for cryptography
Data Protection Application Programming Interface (DPAPI) is a simple cryptographic application programming interface available as a built-in component
Data_Protection_API
Message authentication code algorithm
Algorithm (DAA) is a former U.S. government standard for producing cryptographic message authentication codes. DAA is defined in FIPS PUB 113, which
Data_Authentication_Algorithm
Text used for user authentication to prove identity
cryptographic hash function to a string consisting of the submitted password and, in multiple implementations, another value known as a salt. A salt prevents
Password
Competition to design encryption schemes
cryptography Merkle tree Message authentication Proof of work Salt Pepper v t e Cryptography General History of cryptography Outline of cryptography Classical
CAESAR_Competition
Cryptographic hash function
HAVAL is a cryptographic hash function. Unlike MD5, but like most modern cryptographic hash functions, HAVAL can produce hashes of different lengths –
HAVAL
Cryptographic primitive
In cryptography, a one-way compression function is a function that transforms two fixed-length inputs into a fixed-length output. The transformation is
One-way_compression_function
Free and open-source disk encryption utility
have been addressed. VeraCrypt includes optimizations to the original cryptographic hash functions and ciphers, which boost performance on modern central
VeraCrypt
Cryptographic hash primitive
RadioGatún is a cryptographic hash primitive created by Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, Michaël Peeters, and Gilles Van Assche. It was first publicly presented
RadioGatún
Property of cryptographic hash functions
In cryptography, puzzle friendliness is a property of cryptographic hash functions. Not all cryptographic hash functions have this property. SHA-256 is
Puzzle_friendliness
Cryptography library
Dell BSAFE, formerly known as RSA BSAFE, is a FIPS 140-2 validated cryptography library, available in both C and Java. BSAFE was initially created by RSA
BSAFE
Message authentication code algorithm
In cryptography, a cipher block chaining message authentication code (CBC-MAC) is a technique for constructing a message authentication code (MAC) from
CBC-MAC
Cryptographic software library
Libgcrypt is a cryptography library developed as a separated module of GnuPG. It can also be used independently of GnuPG, but depends on its error-reporting
Libgcrypt
Free and open-source VPN protocol
implementing cryptographic controls, limits the choices for key exchange processes, and maps algorithms to a small subset of modern cryptographic primitives
WireGuard
Memory-hard key derivation function
built from standard primitives: it can use any standard non-space-hard cryptographic hash function as a sub-algorithm (e.g., SHA-3, SHA-512), is resistant
Balloon_hashing
Symbols used in pre-19th-century chemistry
twelve, each could be assigned one of the Zodiac signs as a form of cryptography. The following example can be found in Pernety's Dictionnaire mytho-hermétique
Alchemical_symbol
Cryptographic hash function
Lane is a cryptographic hash function submitted to the NIST hash function competition; it was designed by Sebastiaan Indesteege with contributions by
Lane_(hash_function)
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