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The Rossby parameter (or simply beta β {\displaystyle \beta } ) is a number used in geophysics and meteorology which arises due to the meridional variation
Rossby_parameter
Inertial wave in rotating fluids
Rossby waves, also known as planetary waves, are a type of inertial wave naturally occurring in rotating fluids. They were first identified by Sweden-born
Rossby_wave
Ocean and atmospheric oscillations
increasing meridian. This parameter becomes important, for example, in calculations involving Rossby waves. Beta plane Earth's rotation Rossby-gravity waves Vallis
Coriolis_frequency
Swedish-born American meteorologist
Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal Equatorial Rossby wave Francis Reichelderfer Rossby (crater) Rossby-gravity waves Rossby number Rossby parameter Rossby radius
Carl-Gustaf_Rossby
Concept in atmospheric dynamics and physical oceanography
regions. The associated dimensionless parameter is the Rossby number. Both are named in honor of Carl-Gustav Rossby. Gill, A. E., 1982: Atmosphere-Ocean
Rossby_radius_of_deformation
Topics referred to by the same term
of planets Rossby number, a dimensionless number used in describing fluid flow. The Rossby number is the ratio of inertial Rossby parameter, used in geophysics
Rossby_(disambiguation)
Waves in the ocean and atmosphere created by bottom irregularities
planetary Rossby waves and have a different physical origin. Planetary Rossby waves form due to the changing Coriolis parameter over the earth. Rossby waves
Topographic_Rossby_waves
Equatorially trapped waves that carry energy eastwards
Rossby-gravity waves are equatorially trapped waves (much like Kelvin waves), meaning that they rapidly decay as their distance increases away from the
Rossby-gravity_waves
Approximation whereby the Coriolis parameter, f, is set to vary linearly in space
{d} f/\mathrm {d} y)|_{\phi _{0}}=2\Omega \cos(\phi _{0})/a} is the Rossby parameter, y {\displaystyle y} is the meridional distance from ϕ 0 {\displaystyle
Beta_plane
Low frequency waves near the equator
Equatorial Rossby waves, often called planetary waves, are very long, low frequency water waves found near the equator and are derived using the equatorial
Equatorial_Rossby_wave
Apparent force in a rotating reference frame
determined by its Rossby number (Ro), which is the ratio of the velocity, U, of a system to the product of the Coriolis parameter, f = 2 ω sin φ
Coriolis_force
Ocean waves trapped close to the equator
equatorial Rossby waves. In addition to these two extreme subclasses, there are two special subclasses of equatorial waves known as the mixed Rossby-gravity
Equatorial_wave
American atmospheric scientist
Atmospheric Research. Sep 2010. Retrieved 2014-03-20. "NCAR Scientist to Receive Rossby Research Medal and AMS Service Award". The Front Page. American Meteorological
Joseph_B._Klemp
Any large system of circulating ocean surface currents
meridional mass transport (positive north), β {\displaystyle \beta } is the Rossby parameter, ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the water density, and w E {\displaystyle
Ocean_gyre
Approximation in geophysical fluid dynamics
Coriolis parameter prevents the formation of beta gyres which are largely responsible for the North-westward direction of most tropical cyclones. Rossby waves
F-plane
Fluid dynamical instability
horizontal length scale, and β 0 {\displaystyle \beta _{0}} is the Rossby-parameter. From this it can be stated that an instability occurs when f 0 2 L
Baroclinic instabilities in the ocean
Baroclinic_instabilities_in_the_ocean
the shallow water approximation can be used. Using this approximation, Rossby showed in 1939, by integrating the shallow water equations over the depth
Topographic_steering
Type of wave in the ocean or atmosphere
topological insulator. Weather portal Physics portal Rossby wave Rossby-gravity waves Equatorial Rossby wave Kelvin–Helmholtz instability Edge wave Tropical
Kelvin_wave
American meteorologist (1906–1998)
He is also known for his professional involvement with Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby and Tetsuya Theodore Fujita. He invited Fujita to come to America in 1953
Horace_R._Byers
Atmospheric and ocean flow equations
limit of small Rossby number, so that inertial forces are an order of magnitude smaller than the Coriolis and pressure forces. If the Rossby number is equal
Quasi-geostrophic_equations
Shallow eastward flowing current found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans
Pacific NECC undergoes an annual cycle. This is a result of the annual Rossby wave. Early each year increased winds in the eastern Pacific generate a
Equatorial_Counter_Current
American mathematician (1917–2008)
Atmospheric Sciences. Vol. 62, No. 5: 1574–1587. Link 1969 Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal, American Meteorological Society. 1973 Symons Gold Medal
Edward_Norton_Lorenz
Cloud pattern on the planet Saturn
by the Cassini spacecraft. An early hypothesis attributed the hexagon to Rossby waves. A hypothesis developed at Oxford University is the hexagon forms
Saturn's_hexagon
American meteorologist and geoscientist
Revelle Medal from the American Geophysical Union (AGU) and in 1997 the Rossby Award from the American Meteorological Society (AMS). He is a member of
Robert_E._Dickinson
flank downdraft (RFD) Ridge Roll cloud Remote sensing Rope tornado Rossby number Rossby wave Rotation Safe room Satellite tornado – A smaller tornado that
Glossary_of_tornado_terms
American meteorologist
This was the initial prize award of what is now known as the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal. Willett was a member of the American Academy of Arts and
Hurd_Curtis_Willett
Unstable wave
leading to energy dissipation through convective instability; likewise, Rossby waves are said to break when the potential vorticity gradient is overturned
Breaking_wave
Japanese-born American climate scientist (1927–2021)
meteorologist Dr. James Hansen. In 1977, Arakawa was awarded the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal, the highest award in the field of atmospheric science, from
Akio_Arakawa
American academic
Owen Brian Toon (born May 26, 1947 in Bethesda, Maryland) is an American professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences. He is a fellow at the Laboratory
Owen_Toon
US meteorologist
became a research associate at the University of Chicago under Carl-Gustav Rossby, a Swedish-born American meteorologist whose theories of large-scale air
Jule_Gregory_Charney
Theoretical relationship in oceanography
Coriolis parameter with latitude results in a narrow western boundary current in ocean basins. In 1950, Walter Munk combined the results of Rossby (eddy
Sverdrup_balance
on understanding large-scale ocean circulation patterns, the dynamics of Rossby waves, and their influence on Earth's climate system. Rhines has held prestigious
Peter_B._Rhines
Swedish government agency
the Rossby Centre. The research division is divided into six units: Meteorological prediction and analysis Air quality Oceanography Hydrology Rossby Centre
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute
Swedish_Meteorological_and_Hydrological_Institute
Recurring pattern of climate variability
wind stress, c is the Rossby wave speed that depends on latitude, ρ0 is the density of sea water and f0 is the Coriolis parameter at a reference latitude
Pacific_decadal_oscillation
2012: Mason Gold Medal: Royal Meteorological Society 2004: Carl-Gustav Rossby Research Medal: American Meteorological Society 2003: Adrian Gill Prize:
Peter_J._Webster
Mathematical model of instability in the atmosphere
L_{R}=1.61} , where κ is the wavenumber and L R {\displaystyle L_{R}} is the Rossby radius of deformation. As wavenumber increases from here, growth rate decreases
Eady_model
Development and strengthening of a tropical cyclone in the atmosphere
two basins at any given time. Research has shown that trapped equatorial Rossby wave packets can increase the likelihood of tropical cyclogenesis in the
Tropical_cyclogenesis
American meteorologist and climatologist (1940–2012)
Mahlman received numerous awards and honors, including the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal of the American Meteorology Society, the Gold Medal of the
Jerry_D._Mahlman
Oceanographic instrument package floating freely on the surface, transported by currents
investigate ocean currents by tracking location. They can also measure other parameters like sea surface temperature, salinity, barometric pressure, and wave
Drifter_(oceanography)
English mathematician (born 1941)
He is a Fellow of the Royal Society and is the holder of the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal, the highest honour of the American Meteorological Society
Michael_E._McIntyre
Terrestrial planet orbiting the star Proxima Centauri
surface temperatures. The rotational period of the planet which determines Rossby wave dynamics. Internal heat flow which can melt the bases of ice sheets
Proxima_Centauri_b
characteristic scale called the Rossby deformation radius. This scale depends on the strength of stratification and the coriolis parameter (which in turn depends
Parametrization (atmospheric modeling)
Parametrization_(atmospheric_modeling)
British climatologist (born 1945)
Medallist (1997) [2] Fellow of the Royal Society (1988) [3] Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal (1988) from the American Meteorological Society The Chree
Brian_Hoskins
Swedish mathematician (1925–2005)
BESK, Sweden's first. During this time, he also worked with Carl-Gustaf Rossby on early numerical weather forecasts. Dahlquist returned to Stockholm University
Germund_Dahlquist
American atmospheric scientist
American Meteorological Society’s highest research award, the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal. In 2014, he received the Royal Meteorological Society's
Robert_Houze
Swedish geodesist
(1969), The Great Prize of KTH (1982), IAG’s Levallois medal (1987) and the Rossby Prize of the Swedish Geophysical Society (1988). He was awarded Nordstjärneorden
Arne_Bjerhammar
Processes by which whistles make sound
rotation rate of the flow. The number was named in honor of Carl-Gustaf Rossby, a meteorologist who first described the large-scale motions of the atmosphere
Physics_of_whistles
Pseudovector field describing the local rotation of a continuum near some point
vorticity equation is the simplest way for forecasting the movement of Rossby waves (that is, the troughs and ridges of 500 hPa geopotential height) over
Vorticity
Concept in atmospheric science
\over {\rm {d}}y}} The validity of this approximation depends on the local Rossby number. It is invalid at the equator, because f is equal to zero there,
Geostrophic_wind
British meteorologist
sting jet, and other conceptual meteorological work Awards Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal The Chree Medal and Prize (1981) Symons Gold Medal (2000)
Keith_Browning
Sub-class of turbomachinery
Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations Reynolds transport theorem Reynolds number Rossby number Three-dimensional losses and correlation in turbomachinery Turbulence
Centrifugal_compressor
Indian climate scientist
awarded him the Buys Ballot Medal. In 2002, he was awarded the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal, "... for fundamental insights into the radiative roles of
Veerabhadran_Ramanathan
British meteorologist
International Award (2006) American Meteorological Society Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal (2010) Institute of Physics Dirac Gold Medal (for theoretical
Tim_Palmer_(physicist)
British meteorologist
Life Scientific by Jim Al-Khalili in 2014. She was awarded the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal by the American Meteorological Society in 2020. Slingo married
Julia_Slingo
American meteorologist (1915–2006)
mathematician and meteorologist. He was a recipient of the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal. Born in Mancheng County, Hebei Province on February 7, 1915
Hsiao-Lan_Kuo
American meteorologist (1910–1997)
issued by Carl G. Rossby's new department of meteorology at MIT. He wrote Rossby, questioning some of the papers' assertions. Rossby, surprisingly, soon
Jerome_Namias
Subfield of astronomy
Epicyclic frequency – Orbital oscillation frequency in galactic potentials. Rossby wave instability – Triggers coronal mass ejections in stellar dynamos. Richtmyer–Meshkov
Outline_of_astrophysics
American professor of meteorology
Institute of Technology Known for Dynamics, hurricanes Awards Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal Scientific career Fields Meteorology Institutions Massachusetts
Kerry_Emanuel
Model of atmospheric motion
case assuming a constant Coriolis parameter is unrealistic, and the balanced-flow speed can be applied locally. See Rossby waves as an example of when changes
Balanced_flow
Research Institute and the University of São Paulo. He won the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Award from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for his PhD. In 2018
Antonio_Divino_Moura
Rotation of Earth around its axis
History of Earth History of geodesy Inner core super-rotation Nychthemeron Rossby wave Spherical Earth World Geodetic System See Fallexperimente zum Nachweis
Earth's_rotation
American meteorologist
ability and are under 40 years of age when nominated. 1967 Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Gold medal, presented to individuals on the basis of outstanding
Joseph_Smagorinsky
Indian meteorologist
In 1985, the American Meteorological Society awarded him the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal. He won the International Meteorological Organization Prize
T._N._Krishnamurti
Finnish-American educator, inventor, and scientist
Satellite meteorology Awards National Medal of Science (1976) Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal Scientific career Fields Meteorology Institutions University
Verner_E._Suomi
Dimensionless number describing oscillating flow mechanisms
is a dimensionless number describing oscillating flow mechanisms. The parameter is named after Vincenc Strouhal, a Czech physicist who experimented in
Strouhal_number
Australian academic
include climate dynamics on the decadal time scale, volcano dynamics and Rossby wave hydraulics. He is or has been the member of various societies such
Peter_Baines_(academic)
Hungarian and American mathematician and physicist (1903–1957)
Bureau, the US Air Force and US Navy weather services. With Carl-Gustaf Rossby, considered the leading theoretical meteorologist at the time, he gathered
John_von_Neumann
Chinese meteorologist
Later, he studied at University of Chicago and UCLA, under Carl-Gustaf Rossby and Jacob Bjerknes's guidance successively. For unknown reason, he dropped
Huang_Shisong
American climate researcher
scientists in the field of global warming. In 2024 he received the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal of the American Meteorological Society. In 2011, Santer was
Benjamin_D._Santer
ISBN 9-780-691-15039-0. 2009: Lynch, Peter (1 April 2009). "On resonant Rossby—Haurwitz triads". Tellus A. 61 (3): 438–445. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008
Peter_Lynch_(meteorologist)
Smallest Galilean moon of Jupiter
Europa because of its small but non-zero obliquity. This generates so-called Rossby waves that travel quite slowly, at just a few kilometers per day, but can
Europa_(moon)
of compound-specific radiocarbon analysis" for which she received MIT's Rossby Award. Pearson has been on the Harvard faculty since 2001. She was the first
Ann_Pearson
Rapidly rotating storm system
oscillation modulate the timing and frequency of tropical cyclone development. Rossby waves can aid in the formation of a new tropical cyclone by disseminating
Tropical_cyclone
State where a planet's atmosphere rotates faster than the planet itself
atmospheric waves and instabilities crucial. These dynamics, including Rossby waves and Kelvin waves, are integral in transferring momentum and energy
Atmospheric_super-rotation
Mix of fresh river water and seawater
Furthermore, the Rossby number indicates whether the plume is classified as a surface-advected plume or an intermediate plume. A relatively large Rossby number
River_plume
Star in the constellation Draco
indicators like the Ca II H&K S-index averaging 0.644 and log R'HK of -4.08. The Rossby number is approximately 0.2, indicating strong convective dynamo action
EK_Draconis
incorporated the variation of the Coriolis parameter with latitude. These two papers anticipated, to some extent, Rossby's 1939 planetary wave theory, Sverdrup's
George_Ridsdale_Goldsbrough
American astrophysicist and plasma physicist
model of astrophysical jets from galaxies, and for developing a model of Rossby waves in accretion disks. He organized a US-Russia collaboration in plasma
Richard_V._E._Lovelace
Norwegian geophysicist and meteorologist (1862–1951)
was this work that inspired both V. Walfrid Ekman and Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby to apply it to large-scale motions in the oceans and atmosphere and to make
Vilhelm_Bjerknes
Gas layer surrounding Earth
into the higher atmospheric layers, to much larger planetary waves, or Rossby waves. Atmospheric tides are periodic oscillations of the troposphere and
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Taiwanese American meteorologist (1943–2021)
2010 William Nordberg Medal 2013 Roger Revelle Medal 2018 Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal 台 湾 中 央 研 究 院 第 25 届 新 院 士 名 单. networkchinese.com (in Chinese)
Kuo-Nan_Liou
Physical oceanographer
list (link) While in graduate school, Gille received the 1995 Carl-Gustav Rossby Award of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2000, as a faculty
Sarah_Gille
American climatologist
University Center for the Environment Fellowship in 2005, the MIT Carl-Gustaf Rossby Prize in 2004, and a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship
Peter_Huybers
English applied mathematician
S. N.; Stewartson, K. (1978). "The evolution of the critical layer of a rossby wave. Part II". Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics. 10 (1): 1–24
Susan_Brown_(mathematician)
US chemist, physicist & meteorologist (1897-1987)
in Europe, Mexico and the Caribbean. In 1939, on the strength of Carl Rossby's recommendation, Wulf was appointed a senior meteorologist in the U. S.
Oliver_Reynolds_Wulf
fraction of the medium) Rossby number Ro R o = U L f {\displaystyle \mathrm {Ro} ={\frac {U}{Lf}}} Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby geophysics (ratio of inertial
List of dimensionless quantities
List_of_dimensionless_quantities
Submersible device used to map ocean currents well below the surface
(oceanography) SOFAR channel Ocean acoustic tomography The RAFOS system, T. Rossby D. Dorson J. Fontaine, Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology, v
RAFOS_float
Israeli-American physicist and mathematician
Pekeris also took his graduate studies at MIT, studying under Carl-Gustav Rossby. In January 1933 he married Lea Kaplan, who was also born in Lithuania.
Chaim_L._Pekeris
German astrophysicist (1935–2021)
periodicities' detection in X-ray solar flares and statistical validation of Rossby waves' existence". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union.
Erich_Rieger
American meteorologist (born 1948)
that when a region is unstable to the large-scale planetary waves known as Rossby waves, the propagation of waves out of this region results in an easterly
Isaac_Held
Fleet of truck-mounted weather radars
rapid scanning technology allows for radars to observe and study vortex Rossby waves, tornado-scale vortices within hurricanes that last less than 10 seconds
Doppler_on_Wheels
American meteorologist
Scientist Emeritus. His most recent publication presents new evidence of the Rossby-Haurwitz waves and appeared in 2019. Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1971:
Roland_Madden
American physicist (born 1941)
concepts during 2008." In 2009, Hansen was awarded the 2009 Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal, the highest honor bestowed by the American Meteorological
James_Hansen
Meteorological concept
R_{o}={\frac {U}{fL}}} is the Rossby number with L a characteristic horizontal length scale. This shows that for small Rossby numbers in the extra-tropics
Weak temperature gradient approximation
Weak_temperature_gradient_approximation
Aspects of fluid mechanics involving flow of fluids (liquids and gases)
wind on open waterPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Rossby wave – Inertial wave in rotating fluids Shock wave – Propagating disturbance
Outline_of_fluid_dynamics
Interaction of multiple waves in a nonlinear system
three-wave resonant interactions of Rossby waves, and so they are commonly studied as such. The resonant interactions of Rossby waves have been observed to have
Resonant_interaction
Scientific study of the atmosphere focusing on weather forecasting
sharply defined boundaries between air masses. The group included Carl-Gustaf Rossby (who was the first to explain the large scale atmospheric flow in terms
Meteorology
Australian ecologist and professor in California
Exceptional Public Service Medal. In 2025 he received the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal of the American Meteorological Society. He was elected a
Graeme_Stephens
observer-expectancy effect) – Robert Rosenthal (and Pygmalion) Rossby waves – Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby Rossi–Forel scale – Michele Stefano Conte de Rossi and
Scientific phenomena named after people
Scientific_phenomena_named_after_people
Sussman Yalow Rosatom Rosemary Wyse Roshko number Ross H. McKenzie Rossby number Rossby wave Rossiter–McLaughlin effect Roswell Clifton Gibbs Rotameter Rotating
Index_of_physics_articles_(R)
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