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In fiber optic technology, a reference surface is that surface of an optical fiber that is used to contact the transverse-alignment elements of a component
Reference_surface
Reference surface for vertical positions
hydrography and navigation, vertical datum or altimetric datum is a reference coordinate surface used for vertical positions, such as the elevations of Earth-bound
Vertical_datum
Third planet from the Sun
being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its ocean, which covers
Earth
Series of personal computers, tablets and interactive whiteboards by Microsoft
models (Surface RT and Surface 2) ran on ARM32, and a select handful of models starting with the Surface Pro X in 2019 run on ARM64. The Surface line has
Microsoft_Surface
Geographic coordinate specifying north-south position
approximate the geoid by a mathematically simpler reference surface. The simplest choice for the reference surface is a sphere, but the geoid is more accurately
Latitude
System to specify locations on Earth
spatial reference system (SRS) or coordinate reference system (CRS) is a framework used to precisely measure locations on, or relative to, the surface of Earth
Spatial_reference_system
Two-dimensional manifold
surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However, surfaces can also be defined abstractly, without reference to
Surface_(topology)
Concept in classical mechanics
of a rotating reference frame is the surface of the Earth. All non-inertial reference frames exhibit fictitious forces; rotating reference frames are characterized
Rotating_reference_frame
French short range air defense system
short-range air defence (SHORAD) missile system that can be used from vehicles, surface ships, and helicopters, as well as in a portable configuration. The "Mistral"
Mistral_(missile)
Tendency of a liquid surface to shrink to reduce surface area
Surface tension is the energy per unit area due to having a surface in a liquid. It has the dimension of force per unit length, or energy per unit area
Surface_tension
Amount of evaporation
evapotranspiration is calculated at a nearby climatic station on a reference surface, conventionally on land dominated by short grass (though this may
Potential_evapotranspiration
Abstract coordinate system
observational frame of reference centered at a point on the Earth's surface. This frame of reference orbits around the center of the Earth, which introduces the
Frame_of_reference
Body of salt water covering most of Earth
The ocean's surface is an important reference point for oceanography and geography, particularly as mean sea level. The ocean surface has globally little
Ocean
Reference frame for measuring location
geodetic reference datum, geodetic reference system, or geodetic reference frame, or terrestrial reference frame) is a global datum reference or reference frame
Geodetic_datum
Natural satellite orbiting Earth
as the largest and most massive in relation to its parent planet. Its surface gravity is about one-sixth of Earth's, about half that of Mars, and the
Moon
hyperelliptic surface, or bi-elliptic surface, is a minimal surface whose Albanese morphism is an elliptic fibration without singular fibres. Any such surface can
Hyperelliptic_surface
1986 studio album by Surface
Surface is the debut studio album from the band of the same name. Three years after releasing the midtempo boogie track "Falling in Love" on Salsoul,
Surface_(Surface_album)
Set of points equidistant from a center
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra) 'ball') is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points
Sphere
Star at the centre of the Solar System
by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy from its surface mainly as visible light and infrared radiation with 10% at ultraviolet
Sun
Point of reference against which some others are calculated
such as a point, line, plane, hole, set of holes, or pair of surfaces. It serves as a reference in defining the geometry of the object and (often) in measuring
Datum_reference
Fundamental concept of classical mechanics
geodesic motion in spacetime. Due to Earth's rotation, its surface is not an inertial frame of reference. The Coriolis effect can deflect certain forms of motion
Inertial_frame_of_reference
Large body of salt water
water. The salinity of water bodies varies widely, being lower near the surface and the mouths of large rivers and higher in the depths of the ocean; however
Sea
Form of carbon
recently (hundreds to tens of million years ago), they were carried to the surface in volcanic eruptions and deposited in igneous rocks known as kimberlites
Diamond
Geometric figure which approximates the Earth's shape
are two types of ellipsoid: mean and reference. A data set which describes the global average of the Earth's surface curvature is called the mean Earth
Earth_ellipsoid
Science of measuring the shape, orientation, and gravity of Earth
("real") surface. The reference ellipsoid, however, has many possible instantiations and is not readily realizable, so it is an abstract surface. The third
Geodesy
Ocean shape without winds and tides
force than the surrounding areas. The geoid in turn serves as a reference coordinate surface for various vertical coordinates, such as orthometric heights
Geoid
Freshwater rift lake in Russia
larger than Belgium—Lake Baikal is the world's seventh-largest lake by surface area, as well as the second-largest lake in Eurasia after the Caspian Sea
Lake_Baikal
Hybrid SAM-Gun based CIWS
intercept sea skimming missiles flying as low as two meters above the surface. If a target isn't sufficiently destroyed by Pantsir's missile attack it
Pantsir-M
System to specify locations on Earth
Hemispheres. The longitude λ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that
Geographic_coordinate_system
Position along a vertical direction above or below a given vertical datum
plumb line direction) above or below a given vertical datum (a reference level surface, such as mean sea level). Vertical distance or vertical separation
Vertical_position
Largest dwarf planet
New Horizons, indicating that its surface is less than 10 million years old. Latest studies have shown that the surface has an age of 180000+90000 −40000
Pluto
Surface conductivity is an additional conductivity of an electrolyte in the vicinity of the charged interfaces. Surface and volume conductivity of liquids
Surface_conductivity
Measures to combat enemy aerial forces
nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action". It encompasses surface-based, subsurface (submarine-launched), and air-based weapon systems, in
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Flat surface used as a reference plane
A surface plate is a solid, flat plate used as the main horizontal reference plane for precision inspection, marking out (layout), and tooling setup. The
Surface_plate
Annual tennis tournament held in Paris
currently held on this surface. Until 1975, the French Open was the only major tournament not played on grass. Due to the clay surface characteristics favoring
French_Open
Collapsed core of a massive star
surface, leaving only light nuclei like helium and hydrogen. If the surface temperature exceeds 106 K (as in the case of a young pulsar), the surface
Neutron_star
American football player (born 1983)
interception, Rodgers expressed frustration by throwing down a Microsoft Surface tablet. The Packers ended up losing the game 29–37. On December 3, 2015
Aaron_Rodgers
Algebraic surface defined by a cubic polynomial
mathematics, a cubic surface is a surface in 3-dimensional space defined by one polynomial equation of degree 3. Cubic surfaces are fundamental examples
Cubic_surface
Shape of the ocean surface relative to the geoid
Ocean surface topography or sea surface topography, also called ocean dynamic topography, are highs and lows on the ocean surface, similar to the hills
Ocean_surface_topography
Software environment vulnerable to attack
The attack surface of a software environment is the sum of the different points (for "attack vectors") where an unauthorized user (the "attacker") can
Attack_surface
Standard surface gravity
The surface gravity, g, of an astronomical object is the gravitational acceleration experienced at its surface at the equator, including the effects of
Surface_gravity
Setting for pressure altimeters
aircraft above a known reference surface. This reference can be the mean sea level pressure (QNH), the pressure at a nearby surface airport (QFE), or the
Altimeter_setting
Static pressure exerted by the weight of the Earth's atmosphere
on the atmospheric gases above the surface and is a function of the mass of the planet, the radius of the surface, and the amount and composition of the
Atmospheric_pressure
Altitude above geoid or mean sea level
vertical distance along the plumb line from a point of interest to a reference surface known as the geoid, the vertical datum that approximates mean sea
Orthometric_height
Practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface
practice of applying paint, pigment, color, or other medium to a solid surface. The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush. Other implements
Painting
Mythical creature in Scottish folklore
Alexander Macdonald of Abriachan sighted "a large stubby-legged animal" surfacing from the loch and propelling itself within 50 yd (46 m) of the shore where
Loch_Ness_Monster
Spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus
spores which help the fungus spread across the ground or its occupant surface. Forms deviating from the standard morphology usually have more specific
Mushroom
Air-launched cruise missile
low-altitude flight to penetrate the Soviet air defense system centered on surface to air missiles. The deployment of the airborne early warning systems,
AGM-129_ACM
2024 film by Adam Wingard
King and the powerful, frost-breathing Shimo from invading the Earth's surface. Following the box office and streaming success of Godzilla vs. Kong during
Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire
Godzilla_x_Kong:_The_New_Empire
American swimmer (born 1985)
Phelps, Beneath the Surface, p. 85. Phelps, Beneath the Surface, p. 78. Phelps, Beneath the Surface, p. 88. Phelps, Beneath the Surface, p. 92. Phelps, Beneath
Michael_Phelps
UK and Irish hydrographic vertical datum
Vertical Offshore Reference Frames (VORF) is a set of high resolution surface models, published and maintained by the UK Hydrographic Office, which together
Vertical Offshore Reference Frames
Vertical_Offshore_Reference_Frames
Upper jaw bone
pyramid-shaped; has an orbital, a nasal, an infratemporal, and a facial surface; contains the maxillary sinus. Four processes: the zygomatic process the
Maxilla
Horizontal angle from north or other reference cardinal direction
the reference plane is the local area (e.g. a circular area with a 5 km radius at sea level) around an observer on Earth's surface, and the reference vector
Azimuth
Force resisting sliding motion
Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding or grinding against each other. Types
Friction
Height of a geographic location above a fixed reference point
fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface (see Geodetic
Elevation
Type of warship
Surface combatants (or surface ships or surface vessels) are a subset of naval warships which are designed for warfare on the surface of the water, with
Surface_combatant
Red supergiant star in the constellation Orion
764 times that of the Sun, if it were at the center of the Solar System, its surface would lie beyond the asteroid belt and it would engulf the orbits of Mercury
Betelgeuse
Measure of skin area affected by an ailment
(PASI) score, the patient's palm can serve a reference point roughly equivalent to 1% of the body surface area. For children and infants, the Lund and
Total_body_surface_area
South Korean anti-ship missile
(Haeseong; Korean: 해성, Sea Star) is a ship-launched sea-skimming surface-to-surface anti-ship cruise missile developed by the South Korean Agency for
SSM-700K_C-Star
Body part
rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck. It is the surface of the body opposite from the chest and the abdomen. The vertebral column
Human_back
Classical statement of gravity as force
{\displaystyle \partial V} is a closed surface and M enc {\displaystyle M_{\text{enc}}} is the mass enclosed by the surface. Hence, for a hollow sphere of radius
Newton's law of universal gravitation
Newton's_law_of_universal_gravitation
land surface elevation extremes by region. Elevation is the vertical distance above the reference geoid, an equipotential gravitational surface model
List of elevation extremes by region
List_of_elevation_extremes_by_region
Marine invertebrates of the subphylum Anthozoa
Broadcast-spawned planula larvae develop at the water's surface before descending to seek a hard surface on the benthos to which they can attach and begin a
Coral
Instrument to measure the weight of an object
of 10%.[citation needed] Because gravity varies by over 0.5% over the surface of the earth, the distinction between force due to gravity and mass is
Weighing_scale
Soviet surface and submarine-launched nuclear cruise missile
cruise missile that is launched either from submarines (SLCM) or from surface ships. It can have a nuclear warhead developed in the Soviet Union. A version
RK-55
Electro-mechanical data storage device
arranged on a moving actuator arm, which read and write data to the platter surfaces. Data is accessed in a random-access manner, meaning that individual blocks
Hard_disk_drive
American low observable air-launched cruise missile
The AGM-158 Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile (AGM-158 JASSM, colloquially pronounced "jass-em"[citation needed]) is a low detection standoff air-launched
AGM-158_JASSM
Framework of distances and directions
rope and set to spin, starts with a flat surface. After a while, as the bucket continues to spin, the surface of the water becomes concave. If the bucket's
Space
Natural surface created by rock erosion
for different rock types. Rate of rock surface recession can be measured by using reference points or reference planes and measure the distance among those
Erosion_surface
American football player and television analyst (born 1980)
against the New York Giants—a game the Cowboys would lose—when pictures surfaced of Romo (along with teammates Jason Witten and Bobby Carpenter) at a resort
Tony_Romo
Minor planet found within the inner Solar System
comet is that a comet shows a coma (tail) due to sublimation of its near-surface ices by solar radiation. A few objects were first classified as minor planets
Asteroid
American air-to-surface missile
many other countries. It has also been fielded on surface platforms in the surface-to-surface and surface-to-air roles. Most variants are laser-guided, with
AGM-114_Hellfire
Photosynthetic part of a vascular plant
leaves are flattened and have distinct upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in color, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake
Leaf
Branch of mathematics
geometry. For instance, planes can be studied as a topological surface without reference to distances or angles; it can be studied as an affine space,
Geometry
Area of contact between two objects
A bearing surface in mechanical engineering is the area of contact between two objects. It usually is used in reference to bolted joints and bearings
Bearing_surface
Hydrated amorphous form of silica
removed. The surface of opal in contact with water is covered by siloxane bonds (≡Si–O–Si≡) and silanol groups (≡Si–OH). This makes the opal surface very hydrophilic
Opal
Audible defect generated during the recording or editing of a sound
saturation, hiss, noise, and print-through. It is valid to consider the genuine surface noise such as pops and clicks that are audible when a vintage vinyl recording
Sonic_artifact
Topics referred to by the same term
data. Datum reference, in carpentry, metalworking, needlework, geometric dimensioning and tolerancing Vertical datum, reference surface for vertical
Datum_(disambiguation)
also References External links absolute location The particular location of a point on Earth's surface that can be expressed by a grid reference such
Glossary of geography terms (A–M)
Glossary_of_geography_terms_(A–M)
Type of field-effect transistor
practical field-effect transistor enabled by Atalla’s earlier work on silicon surface passivation and thermal oxidation—revolutionized electronics and paved
MOSFET
lists land surface elevation extremes by country or dependent territory. Topographic elevation is the vertical distance above the reference geoid, a mathematical
List of elevation extremes by country
List_of_elevation_extremes_by_country
Conceptual design studies for crewed missions to Mars
support of planning for future human exploration of the Martian surface." The design reference missions are used for technology trade studies, to analyze the
Mars_Design_Reference_Mission
Attempt by Germany during World War II to cut supply lines to Britain
warships were sunk in the Atlantic for the loss of 783 U-Boats and 47 German surface warships, including 4 battleships (Bismarck, Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and
Battle_of_the_Atlantic
Term for accelerations felt as weight in multiples of standard gravity
called shock. When the g-force is produced by the surface of one object being pushed by the surface of another object, the reaction force to this push
G-force
process called a geodynamo. The magnitude of Earth's magnetic field at its surface ranges from 25,000 to 65,000 nT (0.25 to 0.65 G). As an approximation,
Earth's_magnetic_field
Sea in northern Europe
bottom and surface salinities varies depending on location. Overall it follows the same southwest to east and north pattern as the surface. At the bottom
Baltic_Sea
Size and shape used to model the Earth for geodesy
the entire surface as an oblate spheroid, using spherical harmonics to approximate the geoid, or modeling a region with a best-fit reference ellipsoid
Figure_of_the_Earth
US–USSR spaceflight capability rivalry
as close as 47,400 feet (14.4 km) above the surface, the point where the powered descent to the surface would begin. With the LM proven to work well
Space_Race
3D computer-generated imagery and measurements of terrain
body has a unique reference surface. New Horizons' Long Range Reconnaissance Imager used stereo photogrammetry to produce partial surface elevation maps
Digital_elevation_model
1994 American film
The Cool Surface (released in the Philippines as The Playmate) is a 1994 thriller film written and directed by Erik Anjou and starring Robert Patrick
The_Cool_Surface
are formed by seamounts rising from the ocean floor with peaks above the surface of the ocean and are not parts of continental tectonic plates. Azores (Portugal)
List of islands in the Atlantic Ocean
List_of_islands_in_the_Atlantic_Ocean
Lizards belonging to the suborder Gekkota
species in the family Eublepharidae, lack eyelids; instead, the outer surface of the eyeball has a transparent membrane, the brille. They have a fixed
Gecko
Mathematical idealization of the surface of a body
In mathematics, a surface is a mathematical model of the common concept of a surface. It is a generalization of a plane, but, unlike a plane, it may be
Surface_(mathematics)
Type of tennis court surface
A hard court or hardcourt is a type of surface or floor on which a sport is played, most usually in reference to tennis courts. It is typically made of
Hard_court
Lake on the border of Albania and Montenegro
Ramsar site. Lake Skadar is the largest lake in the Balkan Peninsula with a surface area that seasonally fluctuates between 370 km2 (140 sq mi) and 530 km2
Lake_Skadar
Measurement of physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles
description, because they vary in other physical properties such as size, shape, surface properties, crystallinity, and dispersion state. Nanoparticles are characterized
Characterization of nanoparticles
Characterization_of_nanoparticles
Surface in 3D space defined by an implicit function of three variables
implicit surface is a surface in Euclidean space defined by an equation F ( x , y , z ) = 0. {\displaystyle F(x,y,z)=0.} An implicit surface is the set
Implicit_surface
Coordinates comprising a distance and two angles
distance r geographers commonly use altitude above or below some local reference surface (vertical datum), which, for example, may be the mean sea level. When
Spherical_coordinate_system
Excavation or structure to provide access to groundwater
groundwater surveyor. Water may be pumped or hand drawn. Impurities from the surface can easily reach shallow sources and contamination of the supply by pathogens
Well
Geodetic reference system
but to re-reference the elevations to an ellipsoid model rather than to the geoid. In accomplishing WGS 60, a combination of available surface gravity data
World_Geodetic_System
REFERENCE SURFACE
REFERENCE SURFACE
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Preference
Boy/Male
Muslim
Selflessness, Preference
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Ascension.
Girl/Female
Indian
Inference
Boy/Male
Indian
Reverence, Sanctity
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Incarnation.
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Nativity.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Worship, Praise, Reverence
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Nativity.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Reverence, Sanctity
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Incarnation.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Choice, Preference, Selection
Girl/Female
Indian
Selflessness, Preference
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Incarnation.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Worship; Praise; Reverence
Boy/Male
Indian
Selflessness, Preference
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Reverence; Esteem
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
First Preference
Girl/Female
Muslim
Selflessness, Preference
Girl/Female
Tamil
Inference
REFERENCE SURFACE
REFERENCE SURFACE
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Flower
Girl/Female
Latin
Mistress of the home.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Sign of Allah
Girl/Female
German, Scandinavian
Rich; Peaceful Ruler; Ruler Forever
Boy/Male
Arabic, German, Muslim
The All-hearing; He who Hear Everything
Female
Irish
Irish Gaelic name FÃONA means "vine."
Girl/Female
German, Norse
Peaceful Heroine
Boy/Male
Australian, Biblical, Christian, Hebrew
Dwelling; Habitation; To Give Honor to
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Sage; Light
Boy/Male
Tamil
Bowed down, Modest, To bow in a humble greeting
REFERENCE SURFACE
REFERENCE SURFACE
REFERENCE SURFACE
REFERENCE SURFACE
REFERENCE SURFACE
v. t.
To regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and affection mingled with fear; to venerate.
n.
One of whom inquires can be made as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, of another.
v.
Personal reference or application.
n.
That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book.
v.
Relation; reference; regard.
imp. & p. p.
of Reverence
n.
A yielding of judgment or preference from respect to the wishes or opinion of another; submission in opinion; regard; respect; complaisance.
n.
One who regards with reverence.
n.
The act of submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more persons for decision.
n.
Appeal.
v. t.
Respect; relation; reference.
n.
A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is referred.
n.
One who, or that which, is referred to.
n.
Reference; respect; regard.
n.
The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for guidance.
n.
Relation; regard; respect.
n.
That which is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor; as, which is your preference?
n.
That which deserves or exacts manifestations of reverence; reverend character; dignity; state.
n.
The act of Preferring, or the state of being preferred; the setting of one thing before another; precedence; higher estimation; predilection; choice; also, the power or opportunity of choosing; as, to give him his preference.
n.
The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause, to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and report to the court.