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Program that generates password from random number generator
A random password generator is a software program or hardware device that takes input from a random or pseudo-random number generator and automatically
Random_password_generator
Creating sequence of numbers that cannot be predicted
Random number generation is a process by which, often by means of a random number generator (RNG), a sequence of numbers or symbols is generated that
Random_number_generation
Random data used as an additional input to a hash function
In cryptography, a salt is random data fed as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes data, a password or passphrase. Salting helps defend
Salt_(cryptography)
Application for storing and managing passwords
Claburn, Thomas (July 6, 2021). "Kaspersky Password Manager's random password generator was about as random as your wall clock". The Register. Archived
Password_manager
Class of attack on cryptographic systems
Fortuna random number generator is an example of an algorithm which uses this mechanism. Generate passwords and passphrases using a true random source
Random number generator attack
Random_number_generator_attack
Resistance of a password to being guessed
passwords using a cryptographically secure random password generator, as well as calculating the entropy of the generated password. A good password manager
Password_strength
Policy covering use of computer passwords
to the end user." Random password generator Secure error messages in software systems Single sign-on Improving Usability of Password Management with Standardized
Password_policy
Method for generating passphrases using dice
for creating passphrases, passwords, and other cryptographic variables using ordinary dice as a hardware random number generator. For each word in the passphrase
Diceware
Text used for user authentication to prove identity
PassMap Password fatigue Password notification e-mail Password psychology Password synchronization Pre-shared key Random password generator Shibboleth
Password
Open-source password management software
50 password managers (such as LastPass, 1Password, and Keeper) passkey management; export to JSON, encrypted JSON, and CSV formats; a random password generator;
Bitwarden
Password manager by Mozilla
then Lockwise synced passwords between Firefox installations across devices. It also featured a built-in random password generator. The application and
Firefox_Lockwise
Augmented password-authenticated key exchange protocol
The Secure Remote Password protocol (SRP) is an augmented password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE) protocol, specifically designed to work around existing
Secure Remote Password protocol
Secure_Remote_Password_protocol
Computer password management utility
features a built-in password generator that generates random passwords. Random seeding can be done through user input (mouse movement and random keyboard input)
KeePass
Multi-user enterprise password server
translations available for download. Automatic clipboard erase & random password generator for work teams. Ability to disable users when they have left the
Pleasant_Password_Server
Used for encoding or decoding ciphertext
stretching Key-agreement protocol glossary Password psychology Public key fingerprint Random number generator Session key Tripcode Machine-readable paper
Key_(cryptography)
Function that derives secret keys from a secret value
KDF is the key derivation function, key is the original key or password, salt is a random number which acts as cryptographic salt, and iterations refers
Key_derivation_function
Password cracking dataset
cracking password hashes. Passwords are typically stored not in plain text form, but as hash values. If such a database of hashed passwords falls into
Rainbow_table
Collection of efficiently-computable functions which emulate a random oracle
with pseudorandom generators (PRGs). The guarantee of a PRG is that a single output appears random if the input was chosen at random. On the other hand
Pseudorandom_function_family
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
attacks on stored password hash digests. For details, see § Attacks on hashed passwords. A password hash also requires the use of a large random, non-secret
Cryptographic_hash_function
One-time password used in banking
one-time passwords (OTPs) to authorize financial transactions. TANs are a second layer of security above and beyond the traditional single-password authentication
Transaction authentication number
Transaction_authentication_number
Password-based key derivation function
iterations salt: array of Bytes (16 bytes) random salt password: array of Bytes (1..72 bytes) UTF-8 encoded password Output: hash: array of Bytes (24 bytes)
Bcrypt
Password management software
Keeper provides storage for passwords and passkeys, identity data, and financial data, along with a password generator and two-factor authentication
Keeper_(password_manager)
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
was used to generate keys, something that relies on an effective random number generator, and that there are no defects in the algorithm or its implementation
Brute-force_attack
Method of exchanging cryptographic keys
secure as any other generator of the same group. If Alice and Bob use random number generators whose outputs are not completely random and can be predicted
Diffie–Hellman_key_exchange
The Password Authenticated Key Exchange by Juggling (or J-PAKE) is a password-authenticated key agreement protocol, proposed by Feng Hao and Peter Ryan
Password Authenticated Key Exchange by Juggling
Password_Authenticated_Key_Exchange_by_Juggling
Computer communications authentication algorithm
weakness of HMAC in password-hashing scenarios: it has been demonstrated that it's possible to find a long ASCII string and a random value whose hash will
HMAC
Multiparty cryptographic process
server-side password authentication. If password hashes are stored on a single server, a breach in the server would result in all the password hashes being
Distributed_key_generation
Free and open-source password manager by Bruce Schneier
software features a built-in password generator that generates random passwords. The user may also designate parameters for password generation (length, character
Password_Safe
Stream cipher
access to a random number generator originally based on RC4. The API allows no seeding, as the function initializes itself using /dev/random. The use of
RC4
Type of authentication protocol
applied to a password and a random challenge value to create a response value. Another variation uses a probabilistic model to provide randomized challenges
Challenge–response authentication
Challenge–response_authentication
Method of computer access control
a randomly generated and constantly refreshing code, rather than sending an SMS or using another method. This code is a Time-based one-time password (a
Multi-factor_authentication
2015 password-based key derivation function
a key derivation function that was selected as the winner of the 2015 Password Hashing Competition. It was designed by Alex Biryukov, Daniel Dinu, and
Argon2
Techniques to protect against brute-force attack
stretching techniques are used to make a possibly weak key, typically a password or passphrase, more secure against a brute-force attack by increasing the
Key_stretching
Interactive key creation in cryptography
In cryptography, a password-authenticated key agreement (PAK) method is an interactive method for two or more parties to establish cryptographic keys based
Password-authenticated key agreement
Password-authenticated_key_agreement
One-time password system
to produce readable passwords, while the remaining 88 bits represent the undisclosed internal state of the random number generator. In many fonts, the
OTPW
Practice in cryptography
key generator, as in the backdoored Dual Elliptic Curve Deterministic Random Bit Generator. If an adversary can make the random number generator predictable
Forward_secrecy
Windows application for AOL cracking
enabled hackers to steal passwords and credit card information through automated social engineering. The program would barrage random AOL users with instant
AOHell
American computer security expert
memory management to operating system security," and created a random password generator. At Digital Equipment, he designed the PATHWORKS network operating
Jon_Callas
Method to set encryption keys
designs require that such keys be in a particular format. It can be a password, a passphrase, or a hexadecimal string. The secret is used by all systems
Pre-shared_key
Cryptographic algorithm for random number generation
CryptGenRandom is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator function that is included in Microsoft CryptoAPI. In Win32 programs, Microsoft
CryptGenRandom
Security and privacy features of the iOS operating system
boot process to ensure that it is completely secure. A hardware random number generator is also included as a part of this coprocessor. Each device's Secure
Security_and_privacy_of_iOS
Function computed by two parties that emulates a random oracle
computed. Most forms of password-based key derivation suffer from the fact that passwords usually contain a small amount of randomness (or entropy) compared
Oblivious pseudorandom function
Oblivious_pseudorandom_function
Suite of Microsoft security protocols
server challenge, a fully/partially randomly generated client challenge, and an HMAC-MD5 hash of the user's password and other identifying information.
NTLM
generator g is created from a hash of the password. Here is one simple form of SPEKE: Alice and Bob agree to use an appropriately large and randomly selected
SPEKE
Humor research using computational linguistics
suggested. Craig McDonough implemented the Mnemonic Sentence Generator, which converts passwords into humorous sentences. Based on the incongruity theory
Computational_humor
Cryptographic secret, not public in contrast to salt
an encryption key. It is like a salt in that it is a randomized value that is added to a password hash, and it is similar to an encryption key in that
Pepper_(cryptography)
Open competition to select password hash functions
The Password Hashing Competition was an open competition announced in 2013 to select one or more password hash functions that can be recognized as a recommended
Password_Hashing_Competition
Key derivation function
when using HMAC as its pseudo-random function. It is possible to trivially construct any number of different password pairs with collisions within each
PBKDF2
Digital information about player progress
technique is to use a deterministic, seeded pseudorandom number generator, so that undesired random outcomes cannot be avoided simply by saving and reloading
Saved_game
Sequence of words used to gain access
control access to a computer system, program or data. It is similar to a password in usage, but a passphrase is generally longer for added security. Passphrases
Passphrase
Device used to gain access to restricted resource
restricted resource. The token is used in addition to, or in place of, a password. Examples of security tokens include wireless key cards used to open locked
Security_token
Attack model against cryptographic hash functions
only have the hash values, not the passwords. However most users choose passwords in predictable ways and many passwords are short enough that all possible
Preimage_attack
2009 password-based key derivation function
In cryptography, scrypt (pronounced "ess crypt") is a password-based key derivation function created by Colin Percival in March 2009, originally for the
Scrypt
Encryption technique
Even those generators that are suitable for normal cryptographic use, including /dev/random and many hardware random number generators, may make some
One-time_pad
Protocol for agreeing on a cryptographic key
Diffie–Hellman key exchange, in which two parties jointly exponentiate a generator with random numbers, in such a way that an eavesdropper cannot feasibly determine
Key-agreement_protocol
Pseudo-randomness: it should be hard to distinguish a pseudo-random number generator based on the hash function from true random number generator; for example
Security of cryptographic hash functions
Security_of_cryptographic_hash_functions
Cryptographic hash function
the hash of the original password, which may or may not be trivial. Reversing password encryption (e.g. to obtain a password to try against a user's account
SHA-1
Cryptography algorithm
operation. The IV must be non-repeating, and for some modes must also be random. The initialization vector is used to ensure that distinct ciphertexts are
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Password-based key derivation function
function used for password hashing on Fedora Linux, Debian, Ubuntu, and Arch Linux. The function is more resistant to offline password-cracking attacks
Yescrypt
Security protocol for wireless computer networks
shown that the WPA and WPA2 standards contain a proposed example random number generator (RNG) that is insecure. Researchers showed that, if vendors implement
Wi-Fi_Protected_Access
Substitution–permutation network Symmetric-key algorithm Time-based one-time password Twofish Verifiable random function Bitcoin Core Bitkey Electrum Exodus Wallet MetaMask
List of cryptographic software
List_of_cryptographic_software
Cryptographic hash function
replaced SHA-1 with BLAKE2s for hashing the entropy pool in the random number generator. btrfs file system supports BLAKE2b to checksum data and metadata
BLAKE_(hash_function)
Mapping arbitrary data to fixed-size values
functions that depend on external variable parameters, such as pseudo-random number generators or the time of day. It also excludes functions that depend on the
Hash_function
Proving validity without revealing other data
password is typically too small or insufficiently random to be used in many schemes for zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge. A zero-knowledge password
Zero-knowledge_proof
Password management software
full-fledged password manager, then delivered with password generator, password capturer, password importer, multi-factor authentication and secure password sharing
RoboForm
Group of public-key cryptography standards
"PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Standard". RSA Laboratories. Archived from the original on April 7, 2015. "PKCS #5 v2.0: Password-Based Cryptography
PKCS
Key derivation function based on an HMAC
provides no protection. A random r {\displaystyle r} , even if fixed by the application (for example, random number generators using r {\displaystyle r}
HKDF
If truly random and not reused it's the most secure encryption method. See one-time pad article. One time password (OTP) - One time password based on
Glossary of cryptographic keys
Glossary_of_cryptographic_keys
Key derivation function of password hash
library function. It is typically used to compute the hash of user account passwords. The function outputs a text string which also encodes the salt (usually
Crypt_(C)
Security features as used in OpenBSD operating system
May 14, 2021. "arc4random, arc4random_buf, arc4random_uniform – random number generator". OpenBSD manual pages. Retrieved May 14, 2021. email 2017-06-13
OpenBSD_security_features
Cryptographic hash function
the rsync protocol (prior to version 3.0.0). MD4 is used to compute NTLM password-derived key digests on Microsoft Windows NT, XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10 and 11
MD4
American online image hosting service
breach that had occurred in 2014 and affected the email addresses and passwords of 1.7 million user accounts. On November 24, Imgur began notifying affected
Imgur
Message-digest hashing algorithm
widely used content management systems were reported to still use MD5 for password hashing. In 1996, a flaw was found in the design of MD5. While it was not
MD5
Stream cipher
iacr.org/2013/768.pdf VMPC-R: Cryptographically Secure Pseudo-Random Number Generator Alternative to RC4 https://eprint.iacr.org/2014/985.pdf Statistical
Variably Modified Permutation Composition
Variably_Modified_Permutation_Composition
Changing keyless entry code for extra security
case receiver missed some transmitted keypresses. HMAC-based one-time password employed widely in multi-factor authentication uses similar approach, but
Rolling_code
authentication code CBPRNG—Counter-based pseudo-random number generator CBRNG—Counter-based random number generator cc—C compiler CC—Carbon copy CC—Creative
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
electronic commerce, chip-based payment cards, digital currencies, computer passwords and military communications. Cryptography prior to the modern age was
Cryptography
Theory of cryptography
authentication codes, mask generation functions, stream ciphers, pseudo-random number generators, and authenticated encryption. A sponge function is built from
Sponge_function
How the video chat application protects itself from theft, damage, black hats
with the Skype server. The client creates a session key using its random number generator. The Skype server verifies that the selected username is unique
Skype_security
Trusted execution environment subsystem that runs on AMD microprocessors
permanently inaccessible during manufacturing. The PSP also provides a random number generator for the RDRAND instruction and provides TPM services. The OEM/ODM
AMD Platform Security Processor
AMD_Platform_Security_Processor
Set of cryptographic hash functions
original password (typically in the shadow file) which may or may not be trivial. Reversing password encryption (e.g., to obtain a password to try against
SHA-2
Type of data structure
Key generator Key schedule Key stretching Keygen Machines Ransomware Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG)
Merkle_tree
Information used for message authentication and integrity checking
system is a triple of efficient algorithms (G, S, V) satisfying: G (key-generator) gives the key k on input 1n, where n is the security parameter. S (signing)
Message_authentication_code
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
optimizing when using function stitching with GCM. They present a program generator that takes an annotated C version of a cryptographic algorithm and generates
Galois/Counter_Mode
Archive file format for cryptography objects
Key generator Key schedule Key stretching Keygen Machines Ransomware Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG)
PKCS_12
Cryptographic problem
fingerprints through an outside channel. In effect, a relatively weak password/passphrase in natural language can be used. Alice and Bob have secret values
Socialist_millionaire_problem
Method of externally opening ports on a firewall
port knock system implemented on password-authenticated services, like SSH, sidesteps the issue of brute force password attacks on logins. In the case of
Port_knocking
Argentine-Israeli cryptographer
Toeplitz Hash Algorithm, the Shrinking Generator encryption scheme, the UMAC message authentication code, and the randomized hashing scheme for strengthening
Hugo_Krawczyk
Encryption method
associated with weak, and thus known to her, potential passwords, can speed up her search for passwords by a factor of almost 1000. For this dictionary attack
Authenticated_encryption
System that regulates the formation of blocks on a blockchain
Colin Percival and detailed in the technical specification "The scrypt Password-Based Key Derivation Function," Scrypt was designed as a memory-intensive
Proof_of_work
Eraser • Algorithmically random sequence • Alice and Bob • All-or-nothing transform • Alphabetum Kaldeorum • Alternating step generator • American Cryptogram
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
Any attack based on information gained from the implementation of a computer system
time various computations (such as, say, comparing an attacker's given password with the victim's unknown one) take to perform. Power-monitoring attack –
Side-channel_attack
Free and open-source disk encryption utility
settings make VeraCrypt slower at opening encrypted partitions, it also makes password-guessing attacks slower. Additionally, since version 1.12, a new feature
VeraCrypt
Open-source password management software
KDE Wallet Manager is free and open-source password management software and framework written in C++ for UNIX-style operating systems. It includes the
KWallet
Computer password or cryptographic key
cryptosystem. The shared secret can be a PIN code, a password, a passphrase, a big number, or an array of randomly chosen bytes. The shared secret is either shared
Shared_secret
Words for conveying data bytes in speech
word lists based on the same concept FIPS 181: Automated Password Generator converts random numbers into somewhat pronounceable "words". mnemonic encoding
PGP_word_list
Code name of a decryption program run by the NSA
break encryption keys generated by the random number generator. Even though this random number generator was known to be insecure and slow soon after the
Bullrun_(decryption_program)
Cryptographic attack
generate LFSR output that agrees with the generator output roughly 50% of the time because, given two random bit sequences of a given length, the probability
Correlation_attack
Set of cryptographic hash functions
security strength. Arbitrarily large lengths can be used as pseudo-random number generators. Alternately, SHAKE256(M, 128) can be used as a hash function with
SHA-3
Steganography software
Validation of Random Number Generators and Pseudo Random Number Generators for Cryptographic Applications Marsaglia, George (1995). "The Marsaglia Random Number
OpenPuff
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RANDOM PASSWORD-GENERATOR