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Reconstructed ancestor of the Mongolic languages
Proto-Mongolic is the hypothetical ancestor language of the modern Mongolic languages. It is very close to the Middle Mongol language, the language spoken
Proto-Mongolic_language
Language family of Eurasia
The Mongolic languages are a language family spoken by the Mongolic peoples in North Asia, East Asia, Central Asia, and Eastern Europe mostly in Mongolia
Mongolic_languages
Language family of Eurasia
Serbi–Mongolic Mongolic Central Mongolic Khalkha Mongolian Khorchin Mongolian Ordos Mongolian Oirat Buryat Khamnigan Mongol Southern Mongolic Shira Yugur
Serbi–Mongolic_languages
People and tribes in and around the Mongol Plateau before the 11th or 12th century
Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. Janhunen, Juha (2003a). "Proto-Mongolic". In Janhunen, J. (ed.). The Mongolic languages. Routledge. ISBN 9780700711338
Proto-Mongols
Reconstructed ancestor of Turkic languages
of Proto-Turkic in Eastern Mongolia was very close to the homeland of the Proto-Mongolic language in Southern Manchuria and the homeland of Proto-Tungusic
Proto-Turkic_language
Proposed group of extinct languages
(2003a). "Proto-Mongolic". In Janhunen, J. (ed.). The Mongolic languages. Routledge. ISBN 9780700711338. Janhunen, Juha (2003b). "Para-Mongolic". In Janhunen
Para-Mongolic_languages
Convergence zone and proposed language family
The Altaic languages (/æl.ˈteɪ.ɪk/ , al-TAY-ik) or Altaic sprachbund are a sprachbund comprising the Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic language families. The
Altaic_languages
Pre-Proto-Mongolic Late Pre-Proto-Mongolic Proto-Mongolic language Middle Mongol Daur / Dagur Nonni Daur Hailar Daur Amur Daur Central Mongolic Central
List_of_Mongolic_languages
Language spoken in Eurasia during the Mongol Empire and the Post-Mongol Empires
case system. Middle Mongol closely resembles Proto-Mongolic, the reconstructed last common ancestor of the modern Mongolic languages, which dates it to
Middle_Mongol
East Asian-originated ethnolinguistic groups
speak Mongolic languages. Their ancestors are referred to as Proto-Mongols. The largest contemporary Mongolic ethnic group is the Mongols. Mongolic-speaking
Mongolic_peoples
Language family of northern Japan and neighboring islands
languages share a noteworthy amount of vocabulary (especially fish names) with several Northeast Asian languages, including Nivkh, Tungusic, Mongolic
Ainu_languages
14th-century ethnocultural synthesis in Asia
being more active than Mongolic.[clarification needed] Extensive lexical borrowings from Proto-Turkic into the Proto-Mongolic language occurred from at latest
Turco-Mongol_tradition
Language family
"Chudic", and Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic, grouped as "Tataric". Subsequently, in the latter half of the 19th century, Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic came
Ural-Altaic_languages
Proto-Georgian–Zan Proto-Turkic Proto-Mongolic Proto-Tungusic Proto-Yeniseian Proto-Uralic Proto-Finno-Ugric [ru] Proto-Mordvinic Proto-Permic Proto-Mansi
List_of_proto-languages
East Asian ethnic group
Mongolic languages, although most scholars agree that they were Proto-Mongolic. The Khitan, however, had two scripts of their own and many Mongolic words
Mongols
Writing systems devised for the Mongolian language
official writing. The Xianbei spoke a proto-Mongolic language and wrote down several pieces of literature in their language. They are believed to have used
Mongolian_writing_systems
Language family
stops and affricates, but Proto-Korean is reconstructed with a single set, like Proto-Japonic and Ainu but unlike Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic, which feature
Koreanic_languages
Proposed language macrofamily
Andreev [ru]'s Boreal languages [ru] hypothesis (Russian: Бореальный язык) linked the Indo-European, Uralic, Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic language families, including
Eurasiatic_languages
Extinct 5th-century language of northern China
is not directly descended from the Proto-Mongolic language. The Khitan language is also a Para-Mongolic language. Tuyuhun had previously been identified
Tuyuhun_language
Language family of Siberia and Manchuria
influences from the Para-Mongolic Khitan language, from Old Korean, and perhaps also from Chukotko-Kamchatkan and unknown languages of uncertain linguistic
Tungusic_languages
Group of languages related through a common ancestor
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language of that family. The term family is
Language_family
Language family of Eurasia
from Turkic into Mongolic, and later from Mongolic into Tungusic, as Turkic borrowings into Mongolic significantly outnumber Mongolic borrowings into Turkic
Turkic_languages
Reconstructed language
Proto-Armenian is the reconstructed, unattested ancestral stage of the Armenian language, encompassing its development from Proto-Indo-European to the
Proto-Armenian_language
Official language of Mongolia
language of the Mongolic language family that originated in the Mongolian Plateau. It is spoken by ethnic Mongols and other closely related Mongolic peoples
Mongolian_language
Major tribal confederation in the Mongolian Plateau (12th century)
proposes that Mongolic and Mongolized Turkic peoples participated in the ethnogenesis of the Nine Tatars, whom Ochir considers to be Mongolic. Soviet and
Tatar_confederation
Branch of the Turkic languages
Oguric languages (also known as Bulgar, Bulgharic, Bolgar, Pre-Proto-Bulgaric, or Lir-Turkic and r-Turkic) are a branch of the Turkic language family
Oghuric_languages
Kingdom in modern Qinghai, China (284–670)
is not directly descended from the Proto-Mongolic language. The Khitan language is also a Para-Mongolic language. When the Chinese pilgrim Songyun visited
Tuyuhun
Location where the Proto-Uralic language originated
The Proto-Uralic homeland is the earliest location in which the Proto-Uralic language was spoken, before its speakers dispersed geographically causing
Proto-Uralic_homeland
Language spoken in the Xiongnu empire
Tiele, who also spoke Turkic. Other elements seem to indicate a Mongolic or Serbi-Mongolic origin of the Xiongnu: Genghis Khan designated the era of Modu
Xiongnu_language
Family of ethnic groups of Eurasia
(partly) These groups were of possible Proto-Turkic ancestry, the Tuoba and Rouran, who were of Proto-Mongolic Donghu ancestry. as well as Tatars, Rourans'
Turkic_peoples
and Mongolic languages--a pattern than is easily explainable by borrowing and diffusion rather than common descent," Asya Pereltsvaig, Languages of the
Classification of the Japonic languages
Classification_of_the_Japonic_languages
Personal pronoun patterns in northern Eurasia and the Americas
to Proto-Indo-European. These forms are included for completeness in the table below but are set off in parentheses. Proto-Turkic, Proto-Mongolic and
M–T_and_N–M_pronoun_patterns
which were also core Mongolic tribes but not descending from Bodonchar. The unification created a new common ethnic identity as Mongols. Descendants of those
List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans
List_of_medieval_Mongol_tribes_and_clans
Extinct Oghur Turkic language
Studies in Turkic and Mongolic linguistics. Taylor & Francis. p. 38. ISBN 0-415-29772-9. Pritsak, Omeljan (1982). "The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan"
Bulgar_language
Xianbei clan in early imperial China
Schönig states that due to advances in research on Khitan language, the Mongolic or Para-Mongolic identity of the Xianbei and Tuoba was becoming more evident
Tuoba
Ethnic minority in China
classifies the Tuvans as Mongols, despite Tuvans being a Turkic, non-Mongolic ethnic group. The official language used for all of these Mongols in China is a literary
Mongols_in_China
List of Mongolic languages, List of Oto-Manguean languages, List of Tungusic languages, List of Turkic languages, List of Uralic languages. chronologically:
Lists_of_languages
attempted to identify the language of the Xiongnu as an early Turkic language, a proto-Mongolic language or a Yeniseian language. At the beginning of the
Prehistory_of_Siberia
Proposed language family
Borean proto-language to the Upper Paleolithic, approximately 16 thousand years ago. Starostin's model of Borean would thus include most languages of Eurasia
Borean_languages
Latin letter I with dieresis
back neutral vowel reconstructed in Proto-Mongolic is sometimes written ⟨ï⟩. In the transcription of Amazonian languages, ⟨ï⟩ is used to represent the high
Ï
Nomadic people who founded the Liao dynasty in China
the proto-Mongols through the Xianbei, Khitans spoke the now-extinct Khitan language, a Para-Mongolic language related to the Mongolic languages. The
Khitan_people
Country in East Asia
official and national language is Mongolian. A member of the Mongolic language family, the standard dialect is Khalkha Mongol. It coexists with various
Mongolia
Group of languages in Siberia
reconstructed for Paleo-Siberian languages and language families. Proto-Eskimo, Proto-Uralic, Proto-Ainu, Ainu, Proto-Korean and Proto-Japonic are also given for
Paleo-Siberian_languages
Northern Siberian Turkic language
includes loans from Russian, Mongolic, Evenki, and number of words from other languages or of unknown origin. The Mongolic loans do not appear to be traceable
Yakut_language
Possibly extinct Mongolic language
Mogholi; Dari: مُغُلی) is a critically endangered and possibly extinct Mongolic language spoken in the province of Herat, Afghanistan, in the villages of Kundur
Moghol_language
207–907 AD Mongolic steppe people of Northeast China
that "the language and culture of the Xianbei are the same as the Wuhuan". Along with the Xianbei, the Wuhuan formed part of the proto-Mongolic Donghu confederation
Kumo_Xi
communications involving languages other than Chinese Rybatzki, Volker. 2003. "Intra-Mongolic taxonomy." In Janhunen, Juha (ed). The Mongolic Languages, 364-390. Routledge
Shirongol_languages
Mongol and Turkic term for a political council
use in numerous Turkic languages. According to another hypothesis, the root of the term is from the hypothetical Proto-Mongolic verb *kura-, *kurija- 'to
Kurultai
Proposed superfamily of Eurasian and African languages
languages Indo-Uralic languages Proto-Human language Proto-Uralic language Ural-Altaic languages Uralic-Yukaghir languages Uralo-Siberian languages Campbell
Nostratic_languages
Topical guide to the Korean language
Schönig, Claus (2003), "Turko-Mongolic Relations", The Mongolic Languages, Routledge, pp. 403–19, the 'Altaic' languages do not seem to share a common
Outline of the Korean language
Outline_of_the_Korean_language
are the ancestors of many Mongolic peoples such as the Rouran, Khitan and Menggu Xibei, who are suggested to be proto-Mongols. The ruler of the Xianbei
History_of_Mongolia
Hypothesis about the spread of language families
Martine Robbeets (2017), Japonic language originated from Proto-"Transeurasian" language (the common ancestor of Mongolic, Turkic, Tungusic, Japonic, and
Farming/language dispersal hypothesis
Farming/language_dispersal_hypothesis
Belgian linguist (born 1972)
Transeurasian languages hypothesis, which groups the Japonic, Koreanic, Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic languages together into a single language family. Robbeets
Martine_Robbeets
Alliance of various Eurasian nomads – 6th to 9th centuries
a sister branch of the Mongolic languages. Together, the Serbi–Awar and Mongolic languages make up the Serbi–Mongolic languages. Some scholars like Omeljan
Pannonian_Avars
Westernmost group of Mongols
the Caspian Sea in southeastern Europe are Oirats. The name derives from Mongolic oi [wikt] < *hoi ("forest, woods") and ard [wikt] < *harad ("people"),
Oirats
Russian linguist (born 1959)
clearly interpreted through Proto-Turkic reconstructions, although it also contains minor Scytho-Sarmatian elements and one Mongolic loanword. According to
Anna_Dybo
Extinct 5th-century language of northern China
some Mongolic admixture. This lasted until the 1970s when Lajos Ligeti argued that both the Xianbei and Tuoba languages were actually Mongolic. Edwin
Tuoba_language
(Khitan small script: ; Chinese: 契丹; pinyin: Qìdān) were a historical para-Mongolic nomadic people from Northeast Asia who, from the 4th century, inhabited
List_of_Khitan_rulers
Mongolic people of Northwest China
Mongghul), also known as Tu people (Chinese: 土族), White Mongol or Tsagaan Mongol, are a Mongolic people and one of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups
Monguor_people
ISBN 1-901764-03-6. Janhunen, Juha (2003b). "Para-Mongolic". In Janhunen, J. (ed.). The Mongolic languages. pp. 1–29, 391–402. Weiers, Michael (ed.) (1986):
List_of_Mongol_states
Historical changes of the Russian language
Slavic language of the Indo-European family. All Indo-European languages are descendants of a single prehistoric language, reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European
History of the Russian language
History_of_the_Russian_language
Oghuz Turkic tribe
belonged to the proto-Mongolic Xianbei tribal union Yuwen Xiongnu and that Kay had been ethnic and linguistic relatives of the Mongolic-speaking Khitans
Kayı_(tribe)
Ramu–Keram language group of Papua New Guinea
The Mongol–Langam, Koam, or Ulmapo languages are a language group of Keram Rural LLG, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea belonging to the Ramu language
Mongol–Langam_languages
Para-Mongolic ancient people
confederation consisting of mainly Proto-Mongols (who spoke either pre-Proto-Mongolic, or Para-Mongolic languages), and, to a minor degree, Tungusic and
Xianbei
Turco-Mongol tribal confederation in Mongolia
origins, including peoples speaking not only Turkic but also Mongolic, Tangut, and Tungusic languages. Thus, for him “Turks” is not an ethno-linguistic label
Keraites
Language spoken in Korea
Korean language". Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne. 58. Rybatzki, Volker (2003). "Middle Mongol". In Janhunen, Juha (ed.). The Mongolic languages. London
Korean_language
Mongolian < Classical Mongolian (17th–19th century) < Middle Mongol (12th–16th century) < Proto-Mongolic Modern Turkish < Ottoman Turkish (16th–19th century)
List_of_ancestor_languages
Theory viewing rural handicraft production as a precursor to industrialization
Proto-industrialization is the regional development, alongside commercial agriculture, of rural handicraft production for external markets. Cottage industries
Proto-industrialization
Language family of central Siberia
demonstration of how the word Tengri (the Turkic and Mongolic word for 'sky' and later 'god') originated from Proto-Yeniseian tɨŋVr. It has been further suggested
Yeniseian_languages
Ramu family languages of New Guinea
The Keram languages of New Guinea are part of the Ramu family. They are the Mongol–Langam languages and a pair of languages sometimes thought to belong
Keram_languages
Monarchical state ruled by a khan
possibly of Proto-Turkic, Turkic, Mongolic or else Iranic origin (disputed) and are proposed as the possible ancestors of the Huns (whose language remains
Khanate
Indo-European languages, based on the assumption that parts of the Proto-Indo-Europeans' original belief systems survived in the daughter traditions. The Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European_mythology
Chief deity of the Eurasian steppe religion
all-encompassing God of Heaven in the traditional Turkic, Yeniseian,[citation needed] Mongolic, and various other nomadic religious beliefs. Some qualities associated
Tengri
4th-century Xianbei tribe of China
Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family
Duan_tribe
12th-century tribal confederation of the Mongolian Plateau
Turkic and Mongolic languages. Their modern descendants are found among several Central Asian peoples. In The Secret History of the Mongols, the Naiman
Naimans
Region where a proto-language was spoken
'Original home') of a proto-language is the region in which it was spoken before splitting into different daughter languages. A proto-language is the reconstructed
Linguistic_homeland
Ethnolinguistic group
and the Khamnigans in particular have interacted closely with Mongolic peoples (Mongol, Daur, Buryat), and they are ethnographically quite distinct from
Tungusic_peoples
Mongol khanate and tribal confederation (1131-1206)
Khamag Mongol (Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ Хамаг Монгол, lit. 'Whole Mongol'; Chinese: 蒙兀國) was a loose Mongolic tribal confederation on the Mongolian Plateau
Khamag_Mongol
Proto-Mongolic nomadic people of northern China
*ʔɑ-ɣuɑn, < Old Chinese (c. 78 BC): *ʔâ-wân < *Awar) were a Proto-Mongolic or para-Mongolic nomadic people who inhabited northern China, in what is now
Wuhuan
East Asian ethnic group
to the Altaic region, proposing links with languages and populations in Northern Asia, including Mongolic, Turkic, and Tungusic groups. However, these
Koreans
Extinct Yeniseian language of Siberia
influenced by Turkic languages, and had borrowed some words from Turkic languages. For example Kott baktîr- ‘to praise’ comes from Proto-Turkic *paktïr (based
Kott_language
Ethnic group in Qinghai, China
Mongolian ger and writing in the script. After the disintegration of the Proto-Mongolic Xianbei state, nomadic groups such as the (Monguor) migrated under the
Upper_Mongols
Largest subgroup of Mongol people
language to the Khalkha Mongols. There were also numerous direct descendants of Genghis Khan who had formed the ruling class of the Khalkha Mongols prior
Khalkha_Mongols
Figure type in various religions
descended from the same Proto-Indo-European deity name as the Greek Zeûs Pater and Roman Jupiter, all of which are reflexes of the same Proto-Indo-European deity's
Sky_father
Mongol-led dynasty of China (1271–1368)
language, while others only used their native Mongolian language, written with the ʼPhags-pa script. Kublai, as a khagan (great khan) of the Mongol Empire
Yuan_dynasty
12th-century tribal confederation of the Mongolian Plateau
believed that they shared a similar appearance and spoke the same language with other Mongol tribes. Temüjin's mother Hoelun, originally from the Olkhonud
Merkit
Language family of Papua New Guinea
for the Grass languages) are: Foley also reconstructs 7 vowels for proto-Ramu: This 7-vowel system is also typical of Ndu languages. Proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay
Ramu_languages
Imperial title of Mongolic and Turkic societies
was later borrowed and used in several languages, especially in Mongolic. Turkic and Mongolic (or Para-Mongolic) origin has been suggested by a number
Khagan
Eurasian steppe confederation and empire
January 2006) "Turko-Mongolic relations" in Janhunen (ed.) The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. p. 393. Shimunek, Andrew. "Early Serbi-Mongolic-Tungusic lexical
Xiongnu
Subgroup of the Mongols
ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ, Харчин, qaračin; Chinese: 喀喇沁部), or Kharachin, is a subgroup of the Mongols residing mainly in northwestern Liaoning and Chifeng, Inner Mongolia. The
Kharchin_Mongols
330–550 AD Proto-Mongolic state
Rourans to the earlier Xiongnu while the Book of Wei connected them to Proto-Mongolic Donghu. The Rouran supreme rulers used the title of khagan, a popular
Rouran_Khaganate
Extinct unclassified language of the Huns
Hunnish language, but due to the origin of these proper names it has been compared with Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, and Yeniseian languages, and with
Hunnic_language
Rouran chieftain and warrior
禿尾 'bald tail'), moqu-ɣar, Middle Mongol muqular 'hornless', moqo-dag 'blunt'; all of those are from Proto-Mongolic *muqu 'to be cut off, break off, fall
Mugulü
Ancient tribe in China and present Surname
considered Mongolic peoples. This would make the song one of the earliest attestations of a Mongolic language. The modern day minority of White Mongols or Monguor
Murong
Easternmost group of Mongols
simplified Chinese: 科尔沁部; traditional Chinese: 科爾沁部) are a subgroup of the Mongols that speak the Khorchin dialect of Mongolian and predominantly live in
Khorchin_Mongols
Russian linguist (1953–2005)
Proto-Yeniseian, Proto-North-Caucasian, and Proto-Altaic. He also expanded the hypothesis that Japanese is related to the Turkic and Mongolic languages through
Sergei_Starostin
Turkic ethnic group
Clauson, Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge, 2002, p. 23. Clauson, Gerard (2002). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic linguistics. Taylor & Francis
Chuvash_people
Grouping of two Turkic languages
1016/B0-08-044854-2/02093-9. ISBN 978-0-08-044854-1. The Altaic languages include Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic, and sometimes also Korean and Japanese. Common
Altai_languages
Elements of a Proto-Uralic religion can be recovered from reconstructions of the Proto-Uralic language. According to linguist Ante Aikio, although "evidence
Proto-Uralic_religion
Migrations out of the Proto-Indo-European homeland
hypothesized migrations of peoples who spoke Proto-Indo-European (PIE) and the derived Indo-European languages, which took place from around 4000 to 1000
Indo-European_migrations
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