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Eurasian steppe confederation and empire
The Xiongnu (Chinese: 匈奴; [ɕjʊ́ŋ.nǔ]) were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern
Xiongnu
Conflicts between the Han Empire and the Xiongnu (133 BC – 89 AD)
The Han–Xiongnu wars or Sino–Xiongnu wars, were a series of military conflicts fought from 133 BC to 89 AD between the agrarian Chinese Han dynasty and
Han–Xiongnu_wars
Language spoken in the Xiongnu empire
Xiongnu, also referred to as Xiong-nu or Hsiung-nu, is the language(s) presumed to be spoken by the Xiongnu, a people and confederation which existed
Xiongnu_language
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire from 209 to 174 BCE
234–174 BCE) was the son of Touman and the founder of the empire of the Xiongnu. He came to power by ordering his men to kill his father in 209 BCE. Modu
Modu_Chanyu
Imperial dynasty in China (202 BC – 220 AD)
dynasty had many conflicts with the Xiongnu, a nomadic confederation centered in the eastern Eurasian steppe. The Xiongnu defeated the Han in 200 BC, prompting
Han_dynasty
Extinct nomadic people in Eurasia (4th–6th centuries)
de Guignes became the first to propose a link between the Huns and the Xiongnu people, who lived in northern China from the 3rd century BCE to the late
Huns
Chinese term for non-Sinitic peoples
causing the Xiongnu to fall into civil wars and fragmentate into two, namely the Northern Xiongnu and Southern Xiongnu. The Southern Xiongnu later subjected
Hu_(people)
Imperial Chinese army
Steppe, the Han dynasty fought against nomadic confederations such as the Xiongnu, Xianbei, and Wuhuan. To challenge these migratory peoples effectively
Military_of_the_Han_dynasty
Emperor title of the Xiongnu
AD. The title was most famously used by the ruling Luandi clan of the Xiongnu during the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD).
Chanyu
Chinese historical exonym
as the Five Barbarians were the Xiongnu, Jie, Xianbei, Qiang and Di. Out of the five tribal ethnic groups, the Xiongnu and Xianbei were nomadic peoples
Five_Barbarians
Ancient people mentioned in Chinese histories
during the 1st millennium BC. After a major defeat at the hands of the Xiongnu in 176 BC, the Yuezhi split into two groups migrating in different directions:
Yuezhi
Ancient semi-nomadic people in Central Asia
176 BC the Xiongnu raided the lands of the Yuezhi, who subsequently attacked the Wusun, killing their king and seizing their land. The Xiongnu adopted the
Wusun
Modu Chanyu's campaign against Donghu confederation in 206 BC
The Xiongnu invasion of Donghu was a conflict between the Xiongnu and Donghu after Modu Chanyu came to power in 209 BC. Modu Chanyu used the perceived
Xiongnu_invasion_of_Donghu
Chinese military general of the Western Han dynasty
the Xiongnu, he fought primarily in the campaigns against the nomadic Xiongnu tribes to the north of the Western Han. He was known to the Xiongnu as a
Li_Guang
a timeline of the Xiongnu, a nomadic people that dominated the ancient eastern Eurasian steppes from 209 BC to 89 AD. The Xiongnu settled down in northern
Timeline_of_the_Xiongnu
Chinese military general and official (140 BC – 117 BC)
a campaign into the Gobi Desert of what is now Mongolia to defeat the Xiongnu nomadic confederation, winning decisive victories such as the Battle of
Huo_Qubing
Family of ethnic groups of Eurasia
Zhang 2023: "In contrast, the early West Xiongnu (earlyXiongnu_west) and late Sarmatian Xiongnu (lateXiongnu_Sarmatian) derived ancestry mainly from West
Turkic_peoples
Han dynasty's expansion of realm and influence in Inner Asia
of the Emperor Wu of Han. Wars were mainly fought against the nomadic Xiongnu confederation based in the Mongolian Plateau, but also against other states
Han_dynasty_in_Inner_Asia
Qin's campaign against the Xiongnu (3rd century BC)
215 BC, Qin Shi Huang ordered General Meng Tian to set out against the Xiongnu tribes in the Ordos region and establish a frontier region at the loop
Qin campaign against the Xiongnu
Qin_campaign_against_the_Xiongnu
Aspect of Chinese military history
Mongolia – the home of many of the country's fiercest enemies including the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Khitans, and the Mongols. The Gobi Desert, which accounts
History of the Great Wall of China
History_of_the_Great_Wall_of_China
Han dynasty general
the Western Han dynasty who was acclaimed for his campaigns against the Xiongnu, and his rags to riches life. He was a consort kin of Emperor Wu of Han
Wei_Qing
1st century Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
AD) was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. Punu came to power in 46 AD when his brother Wudadihou died. At the time, the Xiongnu were experiencing a severe
Punu_Chanyu
Decade
act of heresy and treason. Wei Zifu is made the new Empress. Spring: the Xiongnu raid Shanggu, killing officials and other inhabitants. Autumn: Emperor
120s_BC
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire from 59 to 31 BC
Huhanye (Chinese: 呼韓邪), born Jihoushan (Chinese: 稽侯狦), was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire, the son of Xulüquanqu Chanyu. He rebelled in 59 BC with the aid
Huhanye
Para-Mongolic ancient people
engaging in the struggle between the Han and Xiongnu, culminating in the Xianbei replacing the Xiongnu on the Mongolian Plateau. Several Xianbei groups
Xianbei
Chinese general (d. 229 BCE)
countryside. The Xiongnu sent a small force to raid the border, and Li Mu pretended to be defeated, and abandoned a few thousand men to the Xiongnu. The chanyu
Li_Mu
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
161–126 BCE) was the son and successor to Laoshang Chanyu. As chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire, Junchen outlived the Han emperors Wen (r. 180–157 BC) and Jing
Junchen
Ethnological origin of the Huns
first proposed that the Huns and the Iranian Huns were identical to the Xiongnu. The thesis was then popularized by Edward Gibbon. Since that time scholars
Origin_of_the_Huns
3rd century BC conflict in China
The Zhao–Xiongnu War (Chinese: 趙破匈奴之戰) was a war that took place between the state of Zhao and the Xiongnu confederation in 265 BC during the Warring
Zhao–Xiongnu_War
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
126–114 BC) was the brother of Junchen Chanyu and his successor to the Xiongnu throne. Yizhixie ruled during a time of conflict with the Han dynasty under
Yizhixie
Emperor of China from 57 to 75 AD
also extended Chinese control over the Tarim Basin and eradicated the Xiongnu influence there, through the conquests of his general Ban Chao. The reigns
Emperor_Ming_of_Han
1st-century Chinese general
and consort kin of the Eastern Han dynasty, famous for destroying the Xiongnu nomadic empire. A native of modern-day Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, he was
Dou_Xian
Chinese historian (c. 145 – c. 86 BCE)
of the general, who was blamed for an unsuccessful campaign against the Xiongnu. Given the choice of being executed or castrated, he chose the latter in
Sima_Qian
Ancient Siberian culture
SELEU- CIDS PTOLE- MIES PARTHIAN EMPIRE SUNGAS SATAVA- HANAS HAN DYNASTY XIONGNU The Dingling were an ancient people who appear in Chinese historiography
Dingling
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
against the Xiongnu. The majority of the forces failed to find any Xiongnu, but Chang Hui successfully aided the Wusun in defeating a Xiongnu invasion.
Huyandi
with the Xiongnu against the Hàn Empire, he defected to the Xiongnu and was eventually killed in a battle between the Hàn Empire and Xiongnu in 196 BC
Xin_of_Han
Aspect of Chinese history
especially the nomadic Xiongnu of the Eurasian Steppe. The Han emperors were initially forced to acknowledge the rival Xiongnu Chanyus as their equals
History_of_the_Han_dynasty
Chinese Sixteen Kingdoms state (407–431)
Xia (胡夏), Xiongnu Xia (匈奴夏), Helian Xia (赫連夏) or the Great Xia (大夏), was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Helian clan of Tiefu-Xiongnu ethnicity
Xia_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)
Laoshang Chanyu
(Chinese: 稽鬻), was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire who succeeded his father Modu Chanyu in 174 BCE. Under his reign, the Xiongnu Empire continued to expand against
Laoshang
Chinese military general, explorer and diplomat (32–102 CE)
service. He also led Han forces for over 30 years in the war against the Xiongnu and re-established Han control over the Tarim Basin region. He was made
Ban_Chao
Archaeological culture of ancient East Asians
culture formed one of the primary ancestral components of the succeeding Xiongnu, as revealed by genetic evidence. The ethnogenesis of Turkic peoples and
Slab-grave_culture
697–150 BCE nomadic confederacy in northern China
were first recorded from the 7th century BCE and were taken over by the Xiongnu in 150 BCE. They lived in northern Hebei, southeastern Inner Mongolia and
Donghu_people
330–550 AD Proto-Mongolic state
Rouran as a separate branch of the Xiongnu. The Book of Song and Book of Liang connected Rourans to the earlier Xiongnu while the Book of Wei connected them
Rouran_Khaganate
Southern Xiongnu leader during the Jin dynasty (266–420)
imperial Luandi clan of the Southern Xiongnu who was appointed by the Chinese court to supervise the Five Divisions of Xiongnu in Bing province. However, a much
Liu_Meng_(Xiongnu)
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
of the Xiongnu Empire. Xulihu Chanyu was the younger brother of Wuwei Chanyu. He succeeded his nephew Er Chanyu in 102 BC. In 101 BC, the Xiongnu raided
Xulihu
Emperor of China from 141 to 87 BC
was ambushed by Xiongnu forces. He defected to Xiongnu and Emperor Wu executed the Li clan for treason soon after. Even within the Xiongnu, Li himself also
Emperor_Wu_of_Han
Language family of central Siberia
to the south of Lake Baikal. The Yeniseians have been connected to the Xiongnu confederation, whose ruling elite may have spoken a "southern Yeniseian"
Yeniseian_languages
One of the Four Beauties of ancient China
Han dynasty, she was sent by Emperor Yuan to marry Chanyu Huhanye of the Xiongnu Empire in order to establish friendly relations with the Han dynasty through
Wang_Zhaojun
Ethnic group
likely originated in present-day Mongolia and were descendants of the Xiongnu, while the conquering Hungarians derived from an admixture of Ugrians,
Hungarians
Turkic people in Inner Asia
Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation, specifically, the northern Xiongnu tribes or southern Xiongnu "who settled along the northern Chinese
Göktürks
Imperial envoy to the world outside of China in the 2nd century BC
prevented by the hostile Xiongnu.[citation needed] The Han court dispatched Zhang Qian, a military officer who was familiar with the Xiongnu, to the Western Regions
Zhang_Qian
Emperor of the Xin dynasty of China from 9 to 23
Xiongnu, which the Xiongnu chanyu Nangzhiyasi (囊知牙斯)—later shortened to Zhi at Wang Mang's request—obeyed, but Wang Mang's tone of treating Xiongnu as
Wang_Mang
War fought between the Han Empire and the Central Asian state of Dayuan
trade disputes compounded by the extended geopolitics surrounding the Han-Xiongnu Wars, resulting in two Han expeditions that ended in a Han victory, allowing
War_of_the_Heavenly_Horses
Historical practices of imperial marriage alliances in China
alliances with the Xiongnu in order to avoid sending the emperor's daughters. 200 BC: Emperor Gaozu of Han marries a Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain Modu
Heqin
steppe. The Xiongnu displayed striking heterogeneity and could be differentiated into two subgroups, "Western Xiongnu" and "Eastern Xiongnu", with the
Genetic history of East Asians
Genetic_history_of_East_Asians
Bronze Age archaeological culture in eastern Mongolia
collectively referred to as the "Ulaanzuukh_SlabGrave genetic cluster". The later Xiongnu are inferred to have formed via the merger of Eastern Saka (Chandman culture)
Ulaanzuukh_culture
People and tribes in and around the Mongol Plateau before the 11th or 12th century
ancestors of the Mongols were the Xiongnu, although it is not known if they were Proto-Mongols.[citation needed] The Xiongnu were a group of nomads who dominated
Proto-Mongols
Leader of Han-Zhao dynasty from 304 to 310
Emperor Guangwen of Han (Zhao) (漢(趙)光文帝) was the founding emperor of the Xiongnu-led Han-Zhao dynasty of China during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Due to
Liu_Yuan_(Han-Zhao)
Founder and Emperor of Han Dynasty of China from 202 to 195 BC
ladies to marry the Xiongnu leaders and paying annual tribute to the Xiongnu in exchange for peace between the Han Empire and the Xiongnu. Liu was wounded
Emperor_Gaozu_of_Han
Various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu (3rd century BC–1st century AD), the Xianbei state (c. AD 156–234), the Rouran Khaganate (330–555), the
History_of_Mongolia
Historical network of Eurasian trade routes
and Xiongnu nomads. These unlikely events of cross-cultural contact allowed both cultures to adapt to each other as an alternative. The Xiongnu adopted
Silk_Road
Ethnic group in China (circa 2nd–5th century AD)
Wade–Giles: Hsiu-ch'u) were a Xiongnu tribe and later ethnic group that lived in ancient China. As one of the many Xiongnu tribes that surrendered to the
Chuge
2024 film by Stanley Tong
battle against the Xiongnu to defend their homeland. Amidst the war, Professor Fang, now a warrior, crosses paths with the Xiongnu princess, Meng Yun
A_Legend
Xianbei-led dynasty of China
was a Xianbei-led dynasty of China (founded by member of Yuwen tribe of Xiongnu origin) that lasted from 557 to 581 AD. One of the Northern dynasties of
Northern_Zhou
One hundred years, from AD 1 to AD 100
northern frontier, the Chinese dynasties waged intermittent war with the Xiongnu before emerging victorious in 91. The states of Funan and Xianbei were
1st_century
German state from 1933 to 1945
Macedonian Seleucid Ptolemaic Bactrian Indo-Greek Hittite Hunnic White Xiongnu Iranian Median Achaemenid Parthian Sasanian Kush Kushan Magadha Haryanka
Nazi_Germany
Supreme ruler of the Xiongnu Empire (d. 36 BCE)
known as Jzh-jzh, was a chanyu (supreme ruler) of the Xiongnu Empire at the time of the first Xiongnu civil war. He held the north and west in contention
Zhizhi
Chinese kingdom (108 BC - 450 AD)
dominated by the Han dynasty and the northern neighbours of the Jushi, the Xiongnu, and became one of the many minor states of the Western Regions of Han
Jushi_Kingdom
Indigenous peoples of Central Siberia in Russia
family. This migration possibly occurred as a result of the fall of the Xiongnu confederation, which, according to Alexander Vovin, is likely to have had
Yeniseian_peoples
Highland sedimentary basin in northwest China
various Eurasian nomads such as Di and Rong (Shang and Zhou dynasties), Xiongnu (Qin and Han dynasty), Rouran (Northern Wei), Eastern Göktürk (Sui and
Ordos_Plateau
Hunnu-China war
Battle of Zhizhi (郅支之戰) was fought in 36 BC between the Han dynasty and the Xiongnu chieftain Zhizhi Chanyu. Zhizhi was defeated and killed. The battle was
Battle_of_Zhizhi
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
且鞮侯; r. 101–96 BCE), whose name was probably Qiedi, was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire, and the successor to Xulihu. His reign was contemporaneous with
Qiedihou
Archaeological culture
culture from the 6th to the 2nd century BCE before being driven away by the Xiongnu. Some authors date the arrival from the north and west of these nomads
Ordos_culture
Puppet chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu from 188 to 195
195), personal name Yufuluo (於夫羅), was a puppet chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu during the late Han dynasty. In 188, he was appointed chanyu by the Han
Chizhi_Shizhu_Hou
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. He was the brother and successor of the Huyandi Chanyu, and he reigned from 68 to 60 BC. In 64 BC, the Xiongnu raided Jiaohe
Xulüquanqu
Emperor of the Han dynasty from 74 to 48 BC
significant economic recovery following the attrition of the costly Han–Xiongnu War. He was succeeded by his son Emperor Yuan after his death in 48 BC
Emperor_Xuan_of_Han
Extinct unclassified language of the Huns
both the Xiongnu and the Yeniseians. A review by Wilson (2023) argues that the presence of Yeniseian-speakers among the multi-ethnic Xiongnu should not
Hunnic_language
Country in East Asia
their rule through Confucian scholarship. Military expeditions against the Xiongnu, a confederation of nomadic steppe tribes frequently in conflict with the
China
Xiongnu-led dynastic state of China (304–329)
was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Liu (Luandi) clan of Chuge-Xiongnu ethnicity during the Sixteen Kingdoms period of Chinese history. In Chinese
Han-Zhao
Ruined city in China
pinyin: Tǒngwànchéng; Wade–Giles: T‘ung3-wan4-chêng2) was the capital of the Xiongnu-led Hu Xia dynasty in northern China during the Sixteen Kingdoms period
Tongwancheng
Country in East Asia
modern-day Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Rouran, the First Turkic Khaganate, the Second Turkic
Mongolia
Xiongnu ruler from 220 to 209 BCE
the Xiongnu tribal confederation, reigning from c. 220–209 BCE, directly preceding the formation of the Xiongnu empire. Competing with the Xiongnu for
Touman
Chinese diplomat and politician
adversaries the Western Han and the Xiongnu. One year earlier, in 101 BC, a new chanyu had come to power in Xiongnu, Chanyu Qiedihou (且鞮侯), who had expressed
Su_Wu
Chanyu of Xiongnu Empire from 31 to 20 BC
born Diaotaomogao, was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire, the son and successor of Huhanye. He ruled the Xiongnu Empire from 31 to 20 BC. Fuzhulei kept the
Fuzhulei_Ruodi
Empress of Han China from 202 to 195 BC, regent from 195 to 180 BC
exterminate the Xiongnu immediately. As she was about to declare war, an outspoken attendant named Ji Bu pointed out that the Xiongnu army was much more
Empress_Lü
Battle in 119 BC
dynasty in the winter of January 119 BC, into the heartland of the nomadic Xiongnu. The campaign was a success for the Han, whose forces led by Wei Qing and
Battle_of_Mobei
Historical ethnic group in Chinese history
members of the Qiāngqú (羌渠), one of the nineteen tribes of the Southern Xiongnu. Sinologist Edwin G. Pulleyblank suggests that Qiangqu was a transliteration
Jie_people
Late 1st century Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
Youliu (Chinese: 優留; fl. 84 AD, died 87 AD) was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. Although he was a descendant of his predecessor Punu, it is not known
Youliu
Name list
*mək-duok) was a reading proposed by 11th-century historian Song Qi for a Xiongnu word which had been transcribed centuries earlier by Sima Qian as 冒顿 Mòdùn
Metehan
Chinese historian (3–54 CE)
included in Wenxuan. It has been argued that Ban Biao's mother was of Xiongnu origin, daughter of Jin Chang (金敞), an attendant to Emperor Yuan of Han
Ban_Biao
Prefecture-level city in Hebei, People's Republic of China
troops in Dai to protect against Xiongnu. After arriving in Dai, initially Li Mu banned any counterattack against Xiongnu to preserve the strength for years
Zhangjiakou
2016 Chinese TV series or program
(141 BC-87 BC), the Han Empire is being invaded by the Xiongnu empire. In order to defeat the Xiongnu, Emperor Wu dispatches Princess Jieyou to the Wusun
Princess_Jieyou_(TV_series)
Chanyu
Huduershidaogao (Chinese: 呼都而尸道皋; 34 BC – 46 AD), born Yu, was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. The brother and successor of Wuzhuliu Chanyu, he reigned from 18
Huduershidaogao
Proto-Mongolic nomadic people of northern China
Inner Mongolia. After the Donghu "Eastern Barbarians" were defeated by the Xiongnu around 209 BC, they split into two groups. The northern Donghu became the
Wuhuan
Calendar year
imperial prefectures. Wei Qing defeats a Xiongnu army near Gaoque. He then invades the Ordos Plateau, defeats the Xiongnu and their Baiyang and Loufan allies
127_BC
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
Hulugu (Chinese: 狐鹿姑) was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. He was the son and successor of Qiedihou and reigned from 96 to 85 BC. Hulugu originally did
Hulugu
Chinese surname
surname which originated from a pre-state clan of Xianbei ethnicity of Xiongnu origin during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China, until its destruction
Yuwen
Ancient Chinese commandery that situated in Hetao, modern-day Inner Mongolia
Emperor Wu of Han in the wake of the successful reconquest of the area from Xiongnu tribes, it was dissolved during the late Eastern Han dynasty and then reconstituted
Shuofang_Commandery
Chinese military general
dynasty who served during the reign of Emperor Wu. He later defected to the Xiongnu after being defeated in an expedition in 99 BC. Li Ling was born in Chengji
Li_Ling
Emperor of China from 221 to 210 BC
in Inner Asia conquered the Ordos Plateau from the nomadic Xiongnu, although the Xiongnu later rallied under Modu Chanyu. Qin Shi Huang also worked with
Qin_Shi_Huang
XIONGNU
XIONGNU
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : nickname for a tall person, from Old English lang, long, Old French long ‘long’, ‘tall’ (equivalent to Latin longus).Irish (Ulster (Armagh) and Munster) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Longáin (see Langan).Chinese : from the name of an official treasurer called Long, who lived during the reign of the model emperor Shun (2257–2205 bc). his descendants adopted this name as their surname. Additionally, a branch of the Liu clan (see Lau 1), descendants of Liu Lei, who supposedly had the ability to handle dragons, was granted the name Yu-Long (meaning roughly ‘resistor of dragons’) by the Xia emperor Kong Jia (1879–1849 bc). Some descendants later simplified Yu-Long to Long and adopted it as their surname.Chinese : there are two sources for this name. One was a place in the state of Lu in Shandong province during the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 bc). The other source is the Xiongnu nationality, a non-Han Chinese people.Chinese : variant of Lang.Cambodian : unexplained.
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Female
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name TIEN means "angel, fairy, spirit."
Girl/Female
Biblical
Ear of corn, stream or flood.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ovishkar | ஓவீஷà¯à®•à®¾à®°Â
Boy/Male
Sikh
Blue Sky, God of Sky
Girl/Female
Tamil
Urishita | உரிஷிதா
Firm
Girl/Female
Muslim
Out of flowers
Boy/Male
English
Modern'dragon.
Boy/Male
Hindu
One at the top of Shiva (Moon)
Boy/Male
Hindu
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Kite.
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