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British manufacturer of optical microscopes
Prior Scientific Instruments Ltd. was established in London in 1919 as a manufacturer of optical microscopes. It is the last traditional microscope manufacturer
Prior_Scientific
Distribution of an uncertain quantity
A prior probability distribution (often simply called the prior probability, prior distribution, or prior) of an uncertain quantity is its assumed probability
Prior_probability
Interplay between observation, experiment, and theory in science
Popper to be built on prior theory. The scientific method embodies the position that reason alone cannot solve a particular scientific problem; it unequivocally
Scientific_method
Ukrainian mining scientist (born 1947)
Cybernetics and Computing Hardware since 1995. Zelenskyy used his prior scientific research to create an automated mining management system for Erdenet
Oleksandr_Zelenskyy
Canadian endocrinologist
international scientific community, Prior is especially known for her studies that prove progesterone causes women's increased bone formation. Prior has also
Jerilynn_Prior
Concept in patent law
patent applications or scientific and technical books and journals. Unpublished patent applications may also be considered prior art under certain circumstances
Prior_art
Extinct species of gastropod
Bathytoma prior is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Borsoniidae. This extinct marine species is endemic to New
Bathytoma_prior
Systematic endeavour to gain knowledge
of testable explanations about nature and society. It is driven by the scientific method: an empirical cycle that typically involves making observations
Science
False beliefs about science
Scientific misconceptions are commonly held beliefs about science that have no basis in actual scientific fact. Scientific misconceptions can also refer
Scientific_misconceptions
Emergence of modern science (1572-1687)
The Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe was an irreversible break with the natural philosophy that had preceded it, fundamentally
Scientific_Revolution
Defunct American company
acquisition of Scientific Atlanta was ranked in the top 10 of largest technology acquisitions in history and was Cisco's largest acquisition to date. Prior to the
Scientific_Atlanta
The timeline below shows the date of publication of possible major scientific breakthroughs, theories and discoveries, along with the discoverer. This
Timeline of scientific discoveries
Timeline_of_scientific_discoveries
U.S.-based medical device company
Boston Scientific Corporation (BSC) is an American biotechnology and biomedical engineering firm and multinational manufacturer of medical devices used
Boston_Scientific
Protected area in Rutland, England
Prior's Coppice is a 27.4-hectare (68-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Oakham in Rutland. It is managed by the Leicestershire
Prior's_Coppice
Japanese planned anime series
basement of the Ryōunkaku in Asakusa, Tokyo. A technical genius with no prior scientific knowledge, she is able to create electronic devices far beyond the
Despera
Species of conifer
California. This tree has a large number of common names and other prior scientific names, due primarily to numerous variant forms. Other English names
Pinus_muricata
Protected area in the United Kingdom
A Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Great Britain, or an Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) in the Isle of Man and Northern Ireland
Site of Special Scientific Interest
Site_of_Special_Scientific_Interest
Provisioner of scientific consumables, equipment, and services
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. is an American life science and clinical research company. It is a global supplier of analytical instruments, clinical development
Thermo_Fisher_Scientific
Violation of codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in scientific research
publications prior to recommending publication. This can inflate the perceived citation impact of a researcher's work and their reputation in the scientific community
Scientific_misconduct
Probability distribution
Would it not be better to admit that there is scientific uncertainty, with the conclusion depending on prior beliefs?." The beta distribution has an important
Beta_distribution
1962 book by Thomas S. Kuhn
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is a 1962 book about the history of science by the philosopher Thomas S. Kuhn. Its publication was a landmark event
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
The_Structure_of_Scientific_Revolutions
Methods employed to reduce error in science tests
A scientific control is an element of an experiment or observation designed to minimize the influence of variables other than the independent variable
Scientific_control
Concept in research ethics
Research integrity or scientific integrity is an aspect of research ethics that deals with best practice or rules of professional practice of scientists
Scientific_integrity
Woodland in Devon, England
Shaugh Prior Woods is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) within Dartmoor National Park, Devon, England. It is located near the village of Shaugh
Shaugh_Prior_Woods
Questioning of claims lacking empirical evidence
Scientific skepticism or rational skepticism (also spelled scepticism), sometimes referred to as skeptical inquiry, is a position in which one questions
Scientific_skepticism
Dissent from scientific consensus
Scientific dissent is dissent from scientific consensus. Disagreements can be useful for finding problems in underlying assumptions, methodologies, and
Scientific_dissent
American biotechnology company
CPC Scientific Inc. is a contract research, development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) that specializes in the production of peptides and oligonucleotides
CPC_Scientific
Work of Aristotle pertaining to logic
analyses under uncertainty. Aristotle's Prior Analytics represents the first time in history when Logic is scientifically investigated. On those grounds alone
Prior_Analytics
Evidence that either supports or counters a scientific theory
Scientific evidence is evidence that serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis, although scientists also use evidence in other
Scientific_evidence
Writing for science
Scientific writing is about science, with the implication that the writing is done by scientists and for an audience that primarily includes peers—those
Scientific_writing
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
hundreds of books and articles. He published more than 300 scientific papers and 150 non-scientific ones. On 5 December 2014, universities and archives announced
Albert_Einstein
1998 video game
though they criticized some technical terms that assume a level of prior scientific knowledge, and the lack of ability to do anything on the station after
Space_Station_Simulator
Science museum in Japan
these demonstrations are in Japanese only and visitors may require prior scientific knowledge to enjoy them. The two secondary exhibits, both available
Osaka_Science_Museum
Unit of information
represent abstract ideas or concrete measurements. Data is commonly used in scientific research, economics, and virtually every other form of human organizational
Data
Legality status of citing the Internet for state-of-the-art public knowledge
In the context of patent law, using the Internet as a source of prior art when assessing whether an invention is novel and inventive (two conditions for
Internet as a source of prior art
Internet_as_a_source_of_prior_art
Entomology, the scientific study of insects and closely related terrestrial arthropods, has been impelled by the necessity of societies to protect themselves
Timeline of entomology – prior to 1800
Timeline_of_entomology_–_prior_to_1800
Artwork involving living organisms
some cases they are scientists themselves. While some artists have prior scientific training, others must be trained to perform the procedures or work
Bioart
Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of illness
used in the absence of scientific medicine and are thus called alternative medicine. Alternative treatments outside of scientific medicine with ethical
Medicine
Scientific field of study
Physics is the scientific study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy
Physics
Scientific calculator introduced in 1974
The Sinclair Scientific was a 12-function, pocket-sized scientific calculator introduced in 1974, dramatically undercutting in price other calculators
Sinclair_Scientific
Viral phenomenon regarding the colour of a dress
revealed differences in human colour perception and became the subject of scientific investigations into neuroscience and vision science. The phenomenon originated
The_dress
Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis (1856–1939)
continues to generate debate concerning its therapeutic efficacy, its scientific status, and whether it advances or hinders the feminist cause. Nonetheless
Sigmund_Freud
Kevin Dunbar and colleagues estimate that between 30% and 50% of all scientific discoveries are accidental in some sense (see examples below). Scientists
Role of chance in scientific discoveries
Role_of_chance_in_scientific_discoveries
Digital archive by the Internet Archive
W. (Fall 2002). "Prior Art in the Field of Business Method Patents – When is an Electronic Document a Printed Publication for Prior Art Purposes?". USPTO
Wayback_Machine
English polymath (1642–1727)
alchemist, theologian, author and inventor. He was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis
Isaac_Newton
Italian physicist and astronomer (1564–1642)
called the father of observational astronomy, classical physics, the scientific method, and modern science. He studied speed and velocity, gravity and
Galileo_Galilei
Scientific study of human society and relationships
Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects
Sociology
First letter of the Latin alphabet
advent of the printing press. This form was derived through a combining of prior forms. 15th-century Italy saw the formation of the two main variants that
A
1804–1806 American expedition
establish claims of their own. The campaign's secondary objectives were scientific, economical and humanitarian, i.e., to document the West's biodiversity
Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition
Archaic conception of Earth's shape
Flat Earth is an archaic and scientifically disproven conception of the Earth's shape as a plane or disk. Many ancient societies subscribed to a flat-Earth
Flat_Earth
Annual awards for cinematic achievements
statuette); The Academy Scientific and Technical Awards: Academy Award of Merit (non-competitive) (in the form of an Oscar statuette); Scientific and Engineering
Academy_Awards
American author and columnist (born 1979)
journalist who is a correspondent for the CBS News program 60 Minutes. Prior to joining CBS, he was a conservative columnist at The New York Times, a
Ross_Douthat
Distinguished Scientific Achievement Award (prior winners include William and Virginia Masters and Harry Harlow), a Social Justice / Public Policy Award (prior winners
Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality
Society_for_the_Scientific_Study_of_Sexuality
Spoken alphabet for radio communication
alphabet] has been prepared only after the most exhaustive tests on a scientific basis by several nations. One of the firmest conclusions reached was that
NATO_phonetic_alphabet
Mythical creature
have typically judged the film as providing no supportive data of any scientific value, with perhaps the most common proposed explanation being that it
Bigfoot
American politician (born 1954)
including the chemtrail conspiracy theory, HIV/AIDS denialism, and the scientifically disproved claim of a causal link between vaccines and autism. He has
Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr.
Extinct genus of plesiosaur
Thaumatosaurus aff. megacephalo. At an unknown point in time and without any prior scientific research, the Halberstadt City Museum had the specimen labeled as Eurycleidus
Lindwurmia
Special issue of Scientififc American magazine
The Scientific American special issue on Communications, Computers, and Networks is a special issue of Scientific American dedicated to articles concerning
Communications, Computers, and Networks
Communications,_Computers,_and_Networks
Species of marine cnidarian
"Morphology and development of the Portuguese man of war, Physalia physalis". Scientific Reports. 9 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 15522. Bibcode:2019NatSR
Portuguese_man_o'_war
Physical theory of the cosmos
explosion Now this Big Bang idea seemed to me to be unsatisfactory... On scientific grounds, too, I cannot see any grounds for preferring the Big Bang idea
Big_Bang
Pseudoscientific divination based on the movements of the stars
Since the end of the 19th century and the wide-scale adoption of the scientific method, researchers have successfully challenged astrology on both theoretical
Astrology
2018 philosophy book by Sander Verhaegh
that attempting to reduce scientific knowledge to knowledge obtained through sense data necessarily presupposes prior scientific knowledge that justifies
Working from Within: The Nature and Development of Quine's Naturalism
Working_from_Within:_The_Nature_and_Development_of_Quine's_Naturalism
Twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet
be chosen according to each context. For specialist mathematical and scientific use, there are a number of dedicated codepoints in the Mathematical Alphanumeric
L
Serbian-American engineer and inventor (1856–1943)
article was more of a lengthy philosophical treatise than an understandable scientific description of his work. Tesla made the rounds in New York trying to find
Nikola_Tesla
United States government public health agency
said they were troubled by the "intervention to alter scientific reports viewed as untouchable prior to the Trump administration" that "appeared to minimize
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention
and the 2010s, especially after the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. Several scientific reports also pointed out to this likely evolution. The Global Preparedness
Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic
Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic
Academic journal
peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society. It publishes original research and review content in a wide range of physical scientific disciplines
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A
Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society_A
Species of hominid in the genus Homo
And move to the beat?". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2020. Prior KS (21 June 2013). "How
Human
Suppressing certain types of information before the fact
Prior restraint (also referred to as prior censorship or pre-publication censorship) is censorship imposed, usually by a government or institution, on
Prior_restraint
Academic journal
Biology is the scientific journal for the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (formerly the American Society of Zoologists). Prior to volume 42
Integrative and Comparative Biology
Integrative_and_Comparative_Biology
Clade of reptiles
20th century, before birds were recognized as dinosaurs, most of the scientific community presumed dinosaurs to have been sluggish and cold-blooded. Most
Dinosaur
Grouping by physical or social qualities
in both physical and behavioral traits. Even though there is a broad scientific agreement that essentialist and typological conceptions of race are untenable
Race_(human_categorization)
English theoretical physicist (1942–2018)
handheld switch, and eventually by using a single cheek muscle. Hawking's scientific works included a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity
Stephen_Hawking
Largest living species of dolphin
orca's image took a positive turn in the 1960s, due to greater public and scientific awareness and their display in captivity. Since then, orcas have been
Orca
Scientific study of matter's behavior and properties
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies matter: composition
Chemistry
American theoretical physicist (1904–1967)
tasked with developing the first nuclear weapons. His leadership and scientific expertise were instrumental in the project's success, and on July 16,
J._Robert_Oppenheimer
Study of health and disease within a population
treatment effects such as in clinical trials. Epidemiologists rely on other scientific disciplines like biology to better understand disease processes, statistics
Epidemiology
English philosopher and statesman (1561–1626)
natural philosophy, guided by the scientific method, and his works remained influential throughout the Scientific Revolution. Bacon has been called the
Francis_Bacon
Applied science and research
invented for siegecraft. In Europe, the scientific and industrial revolutions advanced engineering into a scientific profession and resulted in continuing
Engineering
usually deny consensus opinion and cannot be proven using historical or scientific methods, and are not to be confused with research concerning verified
List_of_conspiracy_theories
Volcano in Washington, U.S.
within the Holocene epoch, which encompasses roughly the last 10,000 years. Prior to the 1980 eruption, Mount St. Helens was the fifth-highest peak in Washington
Mount_St._Helens
British microbiologist and parasitologist
Ernest Jackson Lawson Soulsby, Baron Soulsby of Swaffham Prior (23 June 1926 – 8 May 2017) was a British microbiologist and parasitologist. In 1990 he
Lawson Soulsby, Baron Soulsby of Swaffham Prior
Lawson_Soulsby,_Baron_Soulsby_of_Swaffham_Prior
Awareness of internal and external existence
causality that subsequent events are caused by prior events. The topic of free will is the philosophical and scientific examination of this conundrum.[citation
Consciousness
Hypothetical lost continent
zoogeography, ensuring its popularity outside of the framework of the scientific community. During the latter part of the 19th century, Helena Blavatsky
Lemuria
Greek mathematician and physicist (c. 287 – 212 BC)
influential source of ideas for scientists during the Renaissance and in the Scientific Revolution. The discovery in 1906 of works by Archimedes in the Archimedes
Archimedes
American immunologist (born 1940)
He was one of the world's most frequently cited scientists across all scientific journals from 1983 to 2002. Fauci graduated from the College of the Holy
Anthony_Fauci
Cognitive bias about one's own skill
better than average. The rational explanation holds that overly positive prior beliefs about one's skills are the source of false self-assessment. Another
Dunning–Kruger_effect
European particle physics research centre
addressing the public release of scientific data collected by LHC experiments after a suitable embargo period. Prior to this open data policy, guidelines
CERN
2009 film by Vincenzo Natali
story concerns experiments in genetic engineering being done by a young scientific couple, who attempt to introduce human DNA into their work of splicing
Splice_(film)
Indian biologist (born 1962)
General of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India, and the Secretary of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR)
Shekhar_C._Mande
American medical disaster thriller film by Steven Soderbergh
Soderbergh also noted Mitch's "common individual" lack of medical and scientific knowledge, though keeping the situation dynamic and compelling was challenging
Contagion_(2011_film)
Video syncing software tool
Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) for the 2010 Scientific and Technical Achievement Awards. The academy's Scientific and Technical Awards honor the men, women
CineSync
Fictional characters in the science fiction television series, Stargate SG-1
idea of scarification for the Priors and the Doci (a chief Prior who acts as a mediator or mouthpiece for the Ori). The Priors have scarifications on the
Ori_(Stargate)
Facts provided or learned about something or someone
(Hjørland, 1997, p. 111, emphasis in original). Information theory is the scientific study of the quantification, storage, and communication of information
Information
French culinary dish
time, there was no "conclusive" scientific evidence on the aversive nature of force-feeding. That same EU Scientific Committee also reported that there
Foie_gras
Male religious congregation of the Catholic Church
was important in the context of the Scientific Revolution, as these universities were open to teaching new scientific and mathematical methodology. Further
Jesuits
Belief that God and reality are identical
Pantheist Movement. "Naturalism and Religion: can there be a naturalistic & scientific spirituality?". Retrieved 4 September 2012. Stone, Jerome Arthur (2008)
Pantheism
Disused lead mine in Derbyshire, England
biological and geological significance within the Castleton Site of Special Scientific Interest. The origins of Odin Mine are unclear; many Peak District guidebooks
Odin_Mine
Depiction of human ejaculation
material" or OPIM. Aside from other sexual activity that may have occurred prior to performing a facial, the risks incurred by the giving and receiving partner
Cum_shot
Ability to make choices voluntarily
everything is caused by prior conditions, making it impossible for anything else to happen. In its most common form, nomological (or scientific) determinism, future
Free_will
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