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Suppressing certain types of information before the fact
Prior restraint (also referred to as prior censorship or pre-publication censorship) is censorship imposed, usually by a government or institution, on
Prior_restraint
1979 court case
test the limits of the presumption of unconstitutionality attached to prior restraints". The first atomic bombs were developed by the wartime Manhattan Project
United States v. Progressive, Inc.
United_States_v._Progressive,_Inc.
1971 United States Supreme Court case
classification to justify restraint on publication. Additionally, there was no statutory language providing authority for prior restraint on publication at all
New York Times Co. v. United States
New_York_Times_Co._v._United_States
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up restraint in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Restraint may refer to: Restraint, or self-control, a personal virtue Medical restraint, form of
Restraint
Case in the New Hampshire Supreme Court
were unlawful and defamatory. The court considered a long history of prior restraint, which requires that publications "threaten an interest more fundamental
Mortgage Specialists, Inc. v. Implode-Explode Heavy Industries, Inc.
Mortgage_Specialists,_Inc._v._Implode-Explode_Heavy_Industries,_Inc.
1976 United States Supreme Court case
the United States decision in which the Court held unconstitutional prior restraints on media coverage during criminal trials. Nebraska Press Association
Nebraska Press Ass'n v. Stuart
Nebraska_Press_Ass'n_v._Stuart
most prior restraints since the case of Near v. Minnesota in 1931. However, the 1988 case of Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier was argued to be a means of prior restraint
Freedom of speech in the United States
Freedom_of_speech_in_the_United_States
1990 book by Orson Scott Card
Farm" "Closing the Timelid" "Freeway Games" "A Sepulchre of Songs" "Prior Restraint" "The Changed Man and the King of Words" "Memories of My Head" "Lost
Maps_in_a_Mirror
Legal order to restrict publication
purpose is controversial since they are a potentially unconstitutional prior restraint that can lead to the press's using less reliable sources such as off-the-record
Gag_order
1791 amendment limiting government restriction of civil liberties
the Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment protected against prior restraint—pre-publication censorship—in almost all cases. The Petition Clause
First Amendment to the United States Constitution
First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
the first to establish the doctrine that prior restraint was in most cases unconstitutional. Prior restraint is censorship which prevents material from
Censorship in the United States
Censorship_in_the_United_States
1931 United States Supreme Court case
(1931), is a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court under which prior restraint on publication was found to violate freedom of the press as protected
Near_v._Minnesota
Censorship of news related to a certain topic
should not be confused with related but distinct concepts, such as prior restraint, which refers to a specifically government-enforced prohibition on
Media_blackout
Material reviewed before publication
have been made available to the public. Prior review is distinct from prior restraint, the government prohibition of speech in advance of its publication
Prior_review
corruption of public morals and outraging public decency, defamation, prior restraint, restrictions on court reporting (including names of victims and evidence
Censorship in the United Kingdom
Censorship_in_the_United_Kingdom
1955 Kansas Supreme Court case
Ct. 625, (prior restraint of newspapers is unconstitutional), in which Justice Hughes said, "... the protection even as to previous restraint is not absolutely
Holmby Productions, Inc. v. Vaughn
Holmby_Productions,_Inc._v._Vaughn
Information classified since created; generally referring to nuclear weapons
Constitution, particularly because attempts to apply it can resemble prior restraint. A challenge arose in United States v. The Progressive, a 1979 dispute
Born_secret
1949 film directed by Elia Kazan
ordinance was unconstitutional as it represented prior restraint on free speech. "The evil of prior restraint, condemned...by Burstyn v. Wilson, 343 U.S. 495
Pinky_(film)
American attorney (1937–2005)
limiting the demonstrations of Ulysses Tory "amounts to an overly broad prior restraint upon speech." Two justices, Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas, said
Johnnie_Cochran
Legal category of US nuclear secrets
Department of Energy (DOE) to implement this authority as a form of prior restraint was only once tested in court, with inconclusive results. "Restricted
Restricted_Data
Freedom of communication and expression through various media
exercised freely. Such freedom implies no or minimal censorship or prior restraint from government, and is often protected by laws or a provision in a
Freedom_of_the_press
Discouragement of exercising rights by threats of legal sanctions
exercising their legal rights, leading to self-censorship in the form of the restraint of information sharing or the abstinence from certain activities. This
Chilling_effect
1964 United States Supreme Court case
question of the books' obscenity. It could, he said, operate as a form of prior restraint. In one of two separate concurrences, Justice Hugo Black reaffirmed
Quantity_of_Books_v._Kansas
American conservative author (born 1946)
University in 1972. In 1972 Corsi published his doctoral dissertation, Prior Restraint, Prior Punishment, and Political Dissent: A Moral and Legal Evaluation
Jerome_Corsi
2005 United States Supreme Court case
or speak about Cochran. Tory appealed, arguing that the order was a prior restraint that violated his First Amendment right to free speech. In an unpublished
Tory_v._Cochran
Blurring technique in images or videos
Opinion corridor Overton window Pixelization Political correctness Prior restraint Propaganda Purge Redaction Revisionism Sanitization Self-censorship
Pixelization
2022 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
Novak then brought suit under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for retaliation and prior restraint. An initial decision of the Sixth Circuit in July 2019 allowed most
Novak_v._City_of_Parma
American historian and socialist philosopher (1922–2010)
from continuing to publish the Pentagon Papers, an order known as "prior restraint" that has been held to be illegal under the First Amendment to the
Howard_Zinn
One of two national pledges of the Philippines
that affect the public welfare. [...] The sole justification for a prior restraint or limitation on the exercise of religious freedom [...] is the existence
Patriotic_Oath_(Philippines)
Indian English-language daily newspaper
Standard to The Times of India. Knight fought for a press free of prior restraint or intimidation, frequently resisting the attempts by governments,
The_Times_of_India
Fetish comic book series
do otherwise is to impose a prior restraint, and hence to violate the Constitution. Certainly, in the absence of a prior judicial determination of illegal
Nights_of_Horror
Promontory in Athens, and the ancient council associated with it
ancient Athens, based at the Areopagus, had not practiced the kind of prior restraint of publication being called for in the English Parliament of Milton's
Areopagus
authority until the 1965 decision Freedman v. Maryland ruled that prior restraint of film exhibition without a court order was unconstitutional. The
Film censorship in the United States
Film_censorship_in_the_United_States
A restraint order is an order which has the effect of freezing the assets and bank accounts of the persons against whom it is directed, in consequence
Restraint_order
Daily newspaper published in Omaha, Nebraska
unanimous, strongly underlined the First Amendment concept of "no prior restraint". World-Herald Editor G. Woodson Howe was head of the association,
Omaha_World-Herald
1963 U.S. Supreme Court decision on censorship
challenged the commission's practices, which were perceived as a form of prior restraint and intimidation against booksellers and distributors. Judge William
Bantam Books, Inc. v. Sullivan
Bantam_Books,_Inc._v._Sullivan
published material does not need prior acceptance from a censor before being released, also known as prior restraint. However, child pornography, hate
Censorship_in_Denmark
Contractual agreement not to disclose specified information
legal protection for trade secrets, limiting disclosure of information prior to issuing a press release for a major announcement, or simply ensuring
Non-disclosure_agreement
Judge of ancient Israel
against temporary restraining orders that enjoin speech, also known as a prior restraint, because of how dangerous they are. See for example Milk Wagon Drivers
Jephthah
Supreme Court found that Educational Code 10611 did not authorize prior restraint, and thus that a school could only discipline a student for violation
California Education Code 48907
California_Education_Code_48907
Convicted murderer
another … for a court to interfere with the right of free speech by prior restraint." Dissenting Justice Michael Kirby wrote: "Effectively, it means that
James_Ryan_O'Neill
U.S. attacks against journalists within the country
day's edition on a Linotype. Guard commanders subsequently imposed prior restraint on the paper, prohibiting coverage favorable to the WFM; amid near-daily
Timeline of government attacks on journalists in the United States
Timeline_of_government_attacks_on_journalists_in_the_United_States
2022 Philippine law
petition called the law a form of "constitutionally impermissible prior restraint". The Supreme Court denied the TRO petition but ordered government
SIM_Registration_Act
American daily newspaper from Toledo, Ohio
that Blade owners Block Communications were "attempting to exercise prior restraint" on the Free Press and that since the non-compete agreement expired
The_Blade_(Toledo,_Ohio)
Judicial interpretation ideology advocating hesitance to set precedent
Judicial restraint is a judicial interpretation that recommends favoring the status quo in judicial activities and is the opposite of judicial activism
Judicial_restraint
Social movement opposed to censorship
Opinion corridor Overton window Pixelization Political correctness Prior restraint Propaganda Purge Redaction Revisionism Sanitization Self-censorship
Anti-censorship
Biography written without the subject's permission or input
Amendment speech as they have an overriding concern and fear that placing "prior restraints" on speech could lead to a "chilling effect" on other speech. Because
Unauthorized_biography
Software that restricts or controls the content an Internet user is capable to access
Opinion corridor Overton window Pixelization Political correctness Prior restraint Propaganda Purge Redaction Revisionism Sanitization Self-censorship
Internet_filter
1948 United States Supreme Court case
of Police was unconstitutional on its face because it established a prior restraint on the right of free speech in violation of the First Amendment. Saia
Saia_v._New_York
1920s venue in Chattanooga, Tennessee, US
court, held that the prohibition on staging the musical was an illegal prior restraint. Also in 1975, Kiss made its first headline-act performance here on
Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Auditorium
Soldiers_and_Sailors_Memorial_Auditorium
Sex tape publicity lawsuit
which ruled that under the circumstances it was an unconstitutional prior restraint on speech under the First Amendment. Gawker tried to get Judge Campbell
Bollea_v._Gawker
This is a list of cases that appeared before the Supreme Court of the United States involving the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. McGowan
List of United States Supreme Court cases involving the First Amendment
List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_involving_the_First_Amendment
1971 United States Supreme Court case
distribution of pamphlets, unless a heavy burden is met to justify prior restraint. Keefe, a real estate broker, worked in the Chicago neighborhood of
Organization for a Better Austin v. Keefe
Organization_for_a_Better_Austin_v._Keefe
American technology company
against the U.S. State Department, namely that ITAR regulations placed a prior restraint on Defense Distributed's free speech, particularly since the speech
DEFCAD
Australian media personality and politician (1944–2026)
twelve days. This was the first time anyone had gone to prison on a prior restraint issue in Australia. Hinch appealed his case as far as the High Court
Derryn_Hinch
Nudist magazine
court found that the city's action was an unconstitutional act of prior restraint, violating the publisher's First Amendment rights. In January 1955
Sunshine_&_Health
2013–2014 incident involving defamation
notice both nationally and internationally for its application of prior restraint and of imprisonment for defamation, both unusual under American law
Imprisonment_of_Roger_Shuler
1957 United States Supreme Court case
suggested that all previous restraints on speech are invalid.” The court rejected the petitioner's argument against prior restraint, maintaining that it was
Times Film Corp. v. City of Chicago
Times_Film_Corp._v._City_of_Chicago
Megamall with attractions in Hennepin County, Minnesota, U.S.
Liberties Union of Minnesota called the mall's lawsuit an "improper prior restraint on speech" and an unconstitutional overreach. On April 12, 2019, a
Mall_of_America
Legal restriction which also restricts the reporting of its own existence
Opinion corridor Overton window Pixelization Political correctness Prior restraint Propaganda Purge Redaction Revisionism Sanitization Self-censorship
Super-injunctions in English law
Super-injunctions_in_English_law
Domain registrar and web hosting company
the globe to post documents, but the Dynadot injunction imposes a prior restraint that drastically curtails access to Wikileaks from the Internet based
Dynadot
U.S. defense Vietnam involvement report
the government failed to meet the heavy burden of proof required for prior restraint injunction. The nine justices wrote nine opinions disagreeing on significant
Pentagon_Papers
American civil servant (born 1966)
the order prohibiting distribution of the magazine an instance of prior restraint, a position reflected by several law professors; he also said the issue
Paula_Jones
Several proposed local ordinances in the US
obscenity law, which attempts to suppress pornography through the use of prior restraint and criminal penalties. The ordinances were originally written in 1983
Antipornography Civil Rights Ordinance
Antipornography_Civil_Rights_Ordinance
1986 report on the effects of pornography
of Playboy and Penthouse sued, arguing that the letters constituted prior restraint and were forbidden under the First Amendment. The U.S. District Court
Meese_Report
Action to block publication of vulnerability
approval by a government agency before publication is unconstitutional prior restraint. The case garnered considerable popular and press attention when the
Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority v. Anderson
Massachusetts_Bay_Transportation_Authority_v._Anderson
Environmental rehabilitation of the Philippine resort island
unconstitutional. The CMFR said the accreditation system was a form of prior restraint, and noted a wider pattern of restrictions that sought to limit press
2018 Boracay closure and redevelopment
2018_Boracay_closure_and_redevelopment
Suppression of speech and information
justification to exercise official wartime censorship and encourage individual restraint when sharing potentially sensitive information. Religious censorship is
Censorship
landmark Supreme Court decision affirming the unconstitutionality of prior restraint laws. Morrison was born in Tabor, Iowa, the first of five children
John_L._Morrison
1960s counterculture rock musical
Auditorium was later found by the Supreme Court to be an unlawful prior restraint. Legal challenges against the Boston production were appealed to the
Hair_(musical)
Form of protest, usually labor action
against multi-facility businesses that could otherwise pursue legal prior restraint and shift operations among facilities if the locations were known with
Picketing
Case in South African law
1984 (4) 874 ( A). The Law on agreements in restraint of trade has changed as a result of this decision. Prior to the Magna Alloys case, South African courts
Magna_Alloys_v_Ellis
International US-owned broadcaster
characterized the investigation of Herman as an "unconstitutional prior restraint" of his, his editors', and fellow journalists' free speech. Suspended
Voice_of_America
Opinion corridor Overton window Pixelization Political correctness Prior restraint Propaganda Purge Redaction Revisionism Sanitization Self-censorship
Television_censorship
Type of censorship
Program Cartographic censorship Information warfare Postal censorship Prior restraint War correspondent Bar-Tal, Daniel; Nets-Zehngut, Rafi; Sharvit, Keren
Military_censorship
Artistic or metaphorical censorship practice
Opinion corridor Overton window Pixelization Political correctness Prior restraint Propaganda Purge Redaction Revisionism Sanitization Self-censorship
Fig_leaf
Exclusion of someone from social relations
Opinion corridor Overton window Pixelization Political correctness Prior restraint Propaganda Purge Redaction Revisionism Sanitization Self-censorship
Social_rejection
Speech that expresses hatred towards individuals or groups
Opinion corridor Overton window Pixelization Political correctness Prior restraint Propaganda Purge Redaction Revisionism Sanitization Self-censorship
Hate_speech
American sheriff and businessman (1929–2011)
the case reprimanded the sheriff for "the unconstitutional act of prior restraint" because his detectives warned record store owners that they might
Nick_Navarro_(sheriff)
Censorship of political opinions
Opinion corridor Overton window Pixelization Political correctness Prior restraint Propaganda Purge Redaction Revisionism Sanitization Self-censorship
Political_censorship
U.S. federal government agency
stated that EPA subjected employees who author scientific papers to prior restraint, even if those papers are written on personal time. In December 2007
United States Environmental Protection Agency
United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency
1989 British film
common law offence of blasphemous libel, making the refusal a form of prior restraint. The distributor appealed to the European Court of Human Rights. It
Visions_of_Ecstasy
Former US broadcasting policy (1949–87)
News and Information Act False balance Free speech Mayflower doctrine Prior restraint Right of reply Zapple doctrine "CBS v. Democratic Nat'l Committee,
Fairness_doctrine
American judge (born 1945)
around the world. White’s order was widely criticized as both improper (prior restraint is generally prohibited by the First Amendment) and ineffective (Wikileaks'
Jeffrey_White
1907 United States Supreme Court case
pp 132–134, 190–199. Before 1907, most free speech issues addressed prior restraint rather than punishment after speaking. Rabban, David, Free Speech in
Patterson_v._Colorado
Form of indirect censorship
or heretical content, incentivizing self-censorship without express prior restraint. The English Licensing of the Press Act 1662 operated partially through
Censorship_by_proxy
American attorney
make fun of Wal-Mart's trademarks. In arguing against the issuance of prior restraint in Bank Julius Baer v. Wikileaks, he had the insight that the case
Paul_Alan_Levy
American attorney and politician (born 1958)
files". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 11, 2026. "Judge says 'prior restraint' to remove published photos of LAPD officers is justified". Los Angeles
Hydee_Feldstein_Soto
1907-1927 American film industry magazine
of centralizing body to reduce the financial and artistic impact of prior restraint. In January 1909, MPW writer W. Stephen Bush opined: "There is no doubt
The_Moving_Picture_World
Litigation to intimidate critics
Advocate. April 2025. Cushing, Tim (8 April 2025). "Texas Judge Says Prior Restraint Is Cool And Legal While Silencing A Critic Of PTK Honor Society". Techdirt
Strategic lawsuit against public participation
Strategic_lawsuit_against_public_participation
Lawsuit at the United States District Court for the District of Columbia Court
rejected the argument that the triennial rulemaking process constitutes a prior restraint on speech, noting that the DMCA does not target expression and that
Green v. Department of Justice
Green_v._Department_of_Justice
Declaration authorizing publication of a book
"imprimatura" is use of an underlying coat of paint. Imprimi permittitur Prior restraint "Catholic Encyclopedia: Censorship of Books". Newadvent.org. Archived
Imprimatur
American comedian and actor (1940–2005)
Laff, including the entire Craps (After Hours) album. 2013: No Pryor Restraint: Life In Concert (7-CD, 2-DVD box set) (Shout! Factory/Indigo) Box set
Richard_Pryor
Act of state entity involving restriction on the political freedom of citizens
Opinion corridor Overton window Pixelization Political correctness Prior restraint Propaganda Purge Redaction Revisionism Sanitization Self-censorship
Political_repression
digital platforms. Such freedom implies minimal or no censorship or prior restraint by the government and is often protected by law or constitutional provisions
Glossary_of_journalism
United States federal law
aroused opposition, with critics charging it established a system of "prior restraint" and delegated unlimited power to the president. After weeks of intermittent
Espionage_Act_of_1917
1967 Swedish erotic drama film by Vilgot Sjöman
21 August 1969, Byrne labelled the ban an act of censorship and a "prior restraint on the defendants' right to freedom of speech"; subsequent to this
I_Am_Curious_(Yellow)
Federal Bureau of Investigation agent
Turrou's lawyer, Simon Rifkind, argued that there was no precedent for prior restraint of a newspaper. “To reinforce the point, Rifkind handed the judge a
Leon_G._Turrou
Forceful activities against competing ideologies and philosophies
Opinion corridor Overton window Pixelization Political correctness Prior restraint Propaganda Purge Redaction Revisionism Sanitization Self-censorship
Ideological_repression
American journalist and academic (1920–2016)
landmark decision, the Supreme Court decided 6–3 that "to exercise prior restraint, the Government must show sufficient evidence that the publication
Ben_Bagdikian
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