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Class of compounds produced by diatoms to hinder predators
formation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The enzyme lipoxygenase then catalyzes the reaction of fatty acids to polyunsaturated aldehydes, which are then
Polyunsaturated_aldehyde
Type of fatty acid defined by molecular bonds
In biochemistry and nutrition, a polyunsaturated fat is a fat that contains a polyunsaturated fatty acid (abbreviated PUFA), which is a subclass of fatty
Polyunsaturated_fat
Group of enzymes
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (EC 1.2.1.3) are a group of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of aldehydes. They convert aldehydes (R–C(=O)–H) to carboxylic
Aldehyde_dehydrogenase
Enzyme
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH2 gene located on chromosome 12. ALDH2 belongs to the aldehyde
ALDH2
Fatty aldehydes are aliphatic, long-chain aldehydes which may be mono- or polyunsaturated. The fatty aldehydes include compounds such as octanal, nonanal
Fatty_aldehyde
Chemical compound
Reactive oxygen species degrade polyunsaturated lipids, forming malondialdehyde. This compound is a reactive aldehyde and is one of the many reactive
Malondialdehyde
Toxic chemicals synthesized by algae
copepods that fed on diatoms containing polyunsaturated aldehydes. When ingested by copepods, these aldehydes appear to arrest embryonic development.
Phycotoxin
Chemical compound
4-Hydroxynonenal is generated in the oxidation of lipids containing polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acids, such as arachidonic and linoleic acids, and of
4-Hydroxynonenal
Gluey polymers secreted by microorganisms to form biofilms
Pohnert G (2011). "Quantification of dissolved and particulate polyunsaturated aldehydes in the Adriatic sea". Marine Drugs. 9 (4): 500–513. doi:10.3390/md9040500
Extracellular polymeric substance
Extracellular_polymeric_substance
Oil pressed from the seed of Helianthus annuus
emollient. Sunflower oil is primarily composed of linoleic acid, a polyunsaturated fat, and oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat. Through selective breeding
Sunflower_oil
Marine phylum of animals often with radial symmetries
authors list (link) Sartori, D.; Gaion, A. (2015). "Toxicity of polyunsaturated aldehydes of diatoms to Indo-Pacific bioindicator organism Echinometra mathaei"
Echinoderm
Species of single-celled organism
; Pohnert, G. (2008-07-16). "Growth phase-specific release of polyunsaturated aldehydes by the diatom Skeletonema marinoi". Journal of Plankton Research
Skeletonema_marinoi
Cooking of food in oil or fat
some fish are also concentrated during frying. Toxic compounds such as aldehydes (e.g. formaldehyde) are produced during frying and evaporate with steam
Frying
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH3A1 gene. Aldehyde dehydrogenases oxidize various aldehydes
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1
Aldehyde_dehydrogenase_3_family,_member_A1
Fatty acids where the sixth bond is double
to as ω−6 fatty acids or n−6 fatty acids) are a family of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that share a final carbon-carbon double bond in
Omega−6_fatty_acid
Oil extracted from walnuts, Juglans regia
oil contains polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fats. Virgin walnut oil consists of polyunsaturated fatty acids (72%
Walnut_oil
Inflammatory disease involving a buildup of lesions in the walls of arteries
recommends much higher levels of fat, especially of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat. These dietary recommendations reach a consensus, though, against
Atherosclerosis
Reaction(s) leading to production of (phospho)lipid peroxides
species (ROS), interact with lipids within cell membranes, typically polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as they have carbon–carbon double bonds. This reaction
Lipid_peroxidation
Class of enzymes
They belong to the cytochrome P450 enzyme family (CYP74C and CYP74B). Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linolenic and linoleic acids are susceptible to
Hydroperoxide_lyase
Hydrocarbon compound made of a 5-carbon chain with two single and two double bonds
acid hydroperoxides, epoxy-hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acids, jasmonates, divinylether fatty acids, and leaf aldehydes. Some of these derivatives are signalling
Pentadiene
Esters of fatty acid or triglycerides
tea-oil camellia. Polyunsaturated fatty acids can be found mostly in nuts, seeds, fish, seed oils, and oysters. Food sources of polyunsaturated fats include:
Fat
Vegetable oil derived from peanuts
oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat (57% of total), linoleic acid, a polyunsaturated fat (20%), and palmitic acid, a saturated fat (16%). In a reference
Peanut_oil
Edible oil derived from coconut
the process of hydrogenation, unsaturated fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids) are combined with hydrogen in a catalytic process to make
Coconut_oil
acid oxidation. In lipid peroxidation, it is the breakdown of the polyunsaturated fatty acids’ free radical chain that synthesizes many RCS molecules
Reactive_carbonyl_species
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ethanol
release superoxide radicals and induce the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to toxic aldehyde products like 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE).[citation needed]
Pharmacology_of_ethanol
Classification of organic compounds based on nature of their chemical bonds
unsaturated groups is long but some common types are: carbonyl, e.g. ketones, aldehydes, esters, carboxylic acids (unsaturated) vs alcohol or ether (saturated)
Saturated and unsaturated compounds
Saturated_and_unsaturated_compounds
Type of vegetable oil
approximately 216 °C (421 °F). The oil has a light taste and a high polyunsaturated fat content, making it suitable for use in salad dressings, mayonnaise
Grape_seed_oil
Oil extracted from the hard outer brown layer of rice
composition similar to that of peanut oil, with 38% monounsaturated, 37% polyunsaturated, and 25% saturated fatty acids. A component of rice bran oil is the
Rice_bran_oil
Chemical group (–CH2–CH=CH2)
acid hydroperoxides, epoxy-hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acids, jasmonates, divinylether fatty acids, and leaf aldehydes. Some of these derivatives are signalling
Allyl_group
Oil from hemp seeds
49% of the weight of hempseed is an edible oil that contains 76% as polyunsaturated fat, including omega-6 fatty acids such as linoleic acid (LA, 54%)
Hemp_oil
Fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds
associated with higher mortality and that replacement of saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat decreases risk of cardiovascular disease events and mortality.
Saturated_fat
Liquid fat made from olives
including 9.9 g of monounsaturated fat (mainly as oleic acid), 1.4 g of polyunsaturated fat (mainly as linoleic acid), and 1.9 g of saturated fat (mainly as
Olive_oil
Type of fat found around the loins and kidneys
Fullana A, Sidhu S, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA (2010). "Emissions of volatile aldehydes from heated cooking oils". Food Chemistry. 120: 59. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem
Suet
Dairy product
of total fat, saturated fat is 51 g, monounsaturated fat is 21 g, polyunsaturated fat is 3 g, trans fat is 3 g, and trans fat designated as "18:1 t"
Butter
Acronym for lipoxygenase interaction product
members of the specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) family of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites. Like other SPMs, LXs form during an
Lipoxin
Cooking oil
consists of 70% unsaturated fatty acids (18% monounsaturated, and 52% polyunsaturated), 26% saturated fatty acids. When it is fully hydrogenated, its profile
Cottonseed_oil
Toxic mercury cation
Myers, GJ; Clarkson, TW (2008). "Associations of maternal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, methyl mercury, and infant development in the Seychelles
Methylmercury
Oil from the seeds of corn
monounsaturated fatty acids are oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9) 98% of the polyunsaturated fatty acids are the omega-6 linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6). Corn wet-milling
Corn_oil
Type of vegetable oil
needed] Canola oil is 100% fat, composed of 63% monounsaturated fat, 28% polyunsaturated fat, and 7% saturated fat (table). The ratio of linoleic acid (an omega-6
Rapeseed_oil
Semi-solid white pork fat product
Fullana A, Sidhu S, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA (2010). "Emissions of volatile aldehydes from heated cooking oils". Food Chemistry. 120: 59. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem
Lard
Oil obtained from the dried, ripened seeds of the flax plant
its nutty flavor. Regular flaxseed oil contains between 57% and 71% polyunsaturated fats (alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid). Plant breeders have developed
Linseed_oil
Metabolic process in some animals
Ali; Amre, Devendra K. (2014). "Interactions Between the Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio and Genetic Factors Determine Susceptibility to Pediatric
Omega_oxidation
Oil pressed from pistachio nuts
a, and pheophytin b. The high concentration of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids makes it susceptible to auto-oxidation, which can be delayed
Pistachio_oil
Carboxylic acid
that mammalian cell membranes are composed of a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA, omega−3 fatty acid) than reptiles. Studies on bird
Fatty_acid
Species of flowering plant
and ligstroside are hydrolyzed by endogenous beta-glucosidases to form aldehydes, dialdehydes, and aldehydic aglycones. Polyphenol content also varies
Olive
Set of chemical reactions in organisms
Steroids such as sterol are another major class of lipids. Carbohydrates are aldehydes or ketones, with many hydroxyl groups attached, that can exist as straight
Metabolism
Subclass of glycerophospholipids
(docosahexaenoic acid) or C20:4 ω-6 (arachidonic acid), (both are polyunsaturated acids). Plasmalogens are classified according to their head group,
Plasmalogen
Edible oil pressed from the pulp of avocados
Sukh; Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel A. (May 2010). "Emissions of volatile aldehydes from heated cooking oils". Food Chemistry. 120 (1): 59–65. doi:10.1016/j
Avocado_oil
Free radical toxicity
controlled apoptotic death and causing the cell to simply fall apart. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly arachidonic acid and linoleic acid, are primary
Oxidative_stress
Oil extracted from seeds or from other parts of plants
has had all of its double bonds converted into single bonds. If a polyunsaturated oil is left incompletely hydrogenated (not all of the double bonds
Vegetable_oil
Overview of and topical guide to organic chemistry
Saturated Fatty Acids Unsaturated Fatty Acids Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Glycolipids Glycoglycerolipids Glycosphingolipids Cerebrosides
Outline_of_organic_chemistry
Spice made from crocus flowers
4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-ene-1-carbaldehyde) is a union of an aldehyde sub-molecule known as safranal (systematic name: 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1
Saffron
Chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen and another compound or element
goods, and other products like margarine. Vegetable oils are made from polyunsaturated fatty acids (having more than one carbon-carbon double bond). Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation
Chemistry of iron compounds containing a carbon-to-iron chemical bond
carbonylated to give the acyl derivatives that undergo protonolysis to afford aldehydes: LiFe(CO)4(C(O)R) + H+ → RCHO (+ iron containing products) Similar iron
Organoiron_chemistry
Monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid
monounsaturated oleic acid levels correspond to a substantial reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acid (especially α-linolenic acid) content. When the saturated
Oleic_acid
Italian hard cheese
Parmigiano Reggiano has many aroma-active compounds, including various aldehydes and butyrates. Butyric acid and isovaleric acid together are sometimes
Parmesan
Food ingredient
Fullana A, Sidhu S, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA (2010). "Emissions of volatile aldehydes from heated cooking oils". Food Chemistry. 120: 59. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem
Shortening
Study of chemical processes of living organisms
ghee etc. are composed of fats. Vegetable oils are rich in various polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Lipid-containing foods undergo digestion within
Biochemistry
Order of insects
nutrition for their larvae. Chemically mediated by a bacterially produced polyunsaturated peroxide, this mutualistic relationship between the beetle and the
Beetle
Indian biochemist
Science, 47, 292–295. 1979 Mechanism of cholesterol-lowering effects of polyunsaturated lipids: J. Ganguly, Ranajit Paul, C. S. Ramesha and P. Balaram, “Biochemical
Jagannath_Ganguly
Hydrocarbon compound (C6H6)
The empirical formula for benzene was long known, but its highly polyunsaturated structure, with just one hydrogen atom for each carbon atom, was challenging
Benzene
The following is a partial list of the "D" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM)
List_of_MeSH_codes_(D02)
Organic compounds of the form R–O–O–R′
Marnett, Lawrence J. (2003). "Mechanism of Free Radical Oxygenation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Cyclooxygenases". Chemical Reviews. 103 (6): 2239–2304
Organic_peroxides
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
molecules and 2 ATP molecules from the glycolytic pathway per glucose. The aldehyde groups of the triose sugars are oxidised, and inorganic phosphate is added
Glycolysis
Human enzyme
acid by the action of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that is present in the phospholipids of cell membranes.
CYP4F2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Ahmad A, Amre DK (April 2014). "Interactions between the dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio and genetic factors determine susceptibility to pediatric
CYP4F3
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