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Toxic chemicals synthesized by algae
Phycotoxins (from Ancient Greek φῦκος (phûkos) 'seaweed' and τοξικόν (toxikón) 'poison, toxin') are complex allelopathic chemicals produced by eukaryotic
Phycotoxin
Commercial activity of cultivating (farming) scallops
occurrence of phycotoxins is generally associated with specific bodies of water and must be considered during establishment of farms as many phycotoxins derived
Scallop_aquaculture
Species of single-celled organism
Prymnesiophyta). The species is of concern because of its ability to produce the phycotoxin prymnesin. It is a flagellated alga that is normally found suspended in
Prymnesium_parvum
Chemical compound
154Cl 3NO 44. It is a member of the prymnesins, a class of hemolytic phycotoxins made by the alga Prymnesium parvum. It is known to be toxic to fish,
Prymnesin-1
Paralytic shellfish toxin
Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent neurotoxin and the best-known paralytic shellfish toxin. Ingestion of saxitoxin by humans, usually by consumption of shellfish
Saxitoxin
Chemical compound
Palytoxin, PTX or PLTX is an intense vasoconstrictor, and is considered to be one of the most poisonous non-protein substances known, second only to maitotoxin
Palytoxin
Species of crustacean
2002). "Emerita analoga (Stimpson)—possible new indicator species for the phycotoxin domoic acid in California coastal waters". Toxicon. 40 (9): 1259–1265
Emerita_analoga
Accumulation of nutrients in water
Mu J (February 2023). "Comparison of short-term toxicity of 14 common phycotoxins (alone and in combination) to the survival of brine shrimp Artemia salina"
Eutrophication
Syndrome of shellfish poisoning
flew through the windshield of a car on the Pacific Coast Highway. The phycotoxin is found in the local coastal waters. According to the Channel Islands
Amnesic_shellfish_poisoning
Chemical compound
Maitotoxin (MTX) is an extremely potent toxin produced by Gambierdiscus toxicus, a dinoflagellate species. Maitotoxin is so potent that it has been demonstrated
Maitotoxin
Class of chemical compounds produced naturally
Brevetoxin (PbTx), or brevetoxins, are a suite of cyclic polyether compounds produced naturally by a species of dinoflagellate known as Karenia brevis
Brevetoxin
Genus of bacteria
Trichodesmium aggregate in large numbers, it is possible for them to produce a phycotoxin that can affect the growth other microorganisms in the local space of
Trichodesmium
Chemical compound
"Anatoxin-a and Analogues: Discovery, Distribution, and Toxicology.". Phycotoxins: Chemistry and Biochemistry. Blackwell Publishing. pp. 141–58. doi:10
Anatoxin-a
Genus of single-celled organisms
Palythoa toxica and proved to be an unusually long chain polyether-type phycotoxin. It is now postulated that the substance is synthesized by the dinoflagellates
Ostreopsis
Group of chemical compounds
Ciguatoxins are a class of toxic polycyclic polyethers found in fish that cause ciguatera. There are several different chemicals in this class. "CTX" is
Ciguatoxin
Chemical compound
Retrieved 2 April 2015. Beasley, Val Richard (2020). "Harmful Algal Blooms (Phycotoxins)". Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Elsevier
Domoic_acid
Chemical compound
Debromoaplysiatoxin is a toxic agent produced by the blue-green alga Lyngbya majuscula. This alga lives in marine waters and causes seaweed dermatitis
Debromoaplysiatoxin
Chemical compound
Yessotoxins are a group of lipophilic, sulfur bearing polyether toxins that are related to ciguatoxins. They are produced by a variety of dinoflagellates
Yessotoxin
Species of single-celled organism
ocean dweller. Gymnodimine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-blocking phycotoxin, a source of shellfish poisoning. Common to the genus Karenia, this species
Karenia_selliformis
Toxic compound found in some fish
Ciguatoxin 1 or CTX-1 is a toxic chemical compound, the most common and potent type in the group of ciguatoxins. It is a large molecule consisting of polycyclic
Ciguatoxin_1
Chemical compound
spinosum. Azaspiracid is a phycotoxin that inhibits hERG voltage-gated potassium channels. Unlike many other marine phycotoxins, little is known about the
Azaspiracid
Marine toxin
Gymnodimines are marine cyclic imine phycotoxins that are found in mollusks. They are highly potent neurotoxins that block nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Gymnodimine
Chemical compound
It is a member of the prymnesins, a class of ladder-frame polyether phycotoxins made by the alga Prymnesium parvum. It is known to be toxic to fish.
Prymnesin-B1
Syndrome of shellfish poisoning
Lucía; Rodríguez, Laura; Vieites, Juan; Cabado, Ana (2018-05-29). "Phycotoxins in Marine Shellfish: Origin, Occurrence and Effects on Humans". Marine
Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
Neurotoxic_shellfish_poisoning
Public school in Mexico
has forty laboratories, for example: Aquaculture - Puerto Ángel Campus Phycotoxin Analysis (Larvatron) - Puerto Ángel Campus Food Analysis and Technology
Universidad_del_Mar
Chemical compound
Prymnesin-2 is an organic compound that is secreted by the haptophyte Prymnesium parvum. It belongs to the prymnesin family and has potent hemolytic and
Prymnesin-2
Chemical compound
Okadaic acid, C44H68O13, is a toxin produced by several species of dinoflagellates. It is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. One
Okadaic_acid
Type of aquaculture
Sephton D, Martin J and Chopin T. 2004. Monitoring of therapeutants and phycotoxins in kelps and mussels co-cultured with Atlantic salmon in an integrated
Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
Integrated_multi-trophic_aquaculture
Study of chemically-mediated interactions between living organisms
predation by covering their bodies in these plants. These plants produce phycotoxins, diterpenes such as pachydictyol-A and dictyol-E, which have been shown
Chemical_ecology
Genus of bacteria
Media. ISBN 9780387292984. Botana, Luis M.; Alfonso, Amparo (2015). Phycotoxins: Chemistry and Biochemistry. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118500330. Shi
Tistrella
Species of Anthozoa
ISBN 978-1-4822-1069-9. Botana (2014), p. 1079 Botana, Luis M.; Alfonso, Amparo (2015). Phycotoxins: Chemistry and Biochemistry. Wiley Blackwell. p. 92. ISBN 9781118500361
Palythoa_toxica
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
lymphocytes over time following exposure to Azaspiracid-1 (AZ-10), a marine phycotoxin (GDS3429). C21orf58 expression was found to be up-regulated in teratozoospermic
C21orf58
Genus of bacteria
0.026930-0. PMID 20952545. Botana, Luis M.; Alfonso, Amparo (2015). Phycotoxins: Chemistry and Biochemistry. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118500330. Baker
Tistrella_bauzanensis
Chemical compound
Karmitoxin is an amine-containing polyhydroxy-polyene toxin isolated from Karlodinium armiger strain K-0668. It is structurally related to amphidinols
Karmitoxin
Genus of bacteria
2323/jgam.48.335. PMID 12682872. Botana, Luis M.; Alfonso, Amparo (2015). Phycotoxins: Chemistry and Biochemistry. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118500330. Type
Tistrella_mobilis
metals such as lead, or naturally occurring toxins such as mycotoxins, phycotoxins and phytotoxins.[citation needed] Although chemical residue data can
Dietary exposure assessments in the United States
Dietary_exposure_assessments_in_the_United_States
PHYCOTOXIN
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Surname or Lastname
German
German : occupational name vine-grower or vintner, Middle High German winzer.German : habitational name from any of various places so named in Bavaria.English : variant spelling of Windsor.
Girl/Female
Indian
Moonbeams
Girl/Female
Latin American
Male
Norwegian
Variant spelling of Norwegian Hallvard, HALVOR means "rock defender."
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Scandinavian, Slovenia, Swedish
Wealthy Guardian; Wealthy Defender; Wealthy; Rich; Blessed; Guardian of Prosperity
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew unisex Abiyah, ABIJAH means "Yahweh is my father." In the bible, this is the name of a son of Samuel, the mother of Hezekiah, a member of the tribe of Benjamin, a king of Judah, and several other characters.Â
Boy/Male
Muslim
Boy/Male
Tamil
Anirvinya | அநீரà¯à®µà¯€à®¨à¯à®¯Â
A name of Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
Arabic
Lily; Madonna Lily
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Latin
Clear
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