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Court decision with no majority opinion
A plurality decision is a court decision in which no opinion received the support of a majority of the judges. A plurality opinion is the judicial opinion
Plurality_decision
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up plurality in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Plurality may refer to: Plurality decision, in a decision by a multi-member court, an opinion held
Plurality
2003 United States Supreme Court case
unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. As in its prior decision in Harmelin v. Michigan, the United States Supreme Court could not agree
Ewing_v._California
Plurality voting system
First-past-the-post (FPTP) — also called choose-one, first-preference plurality (FPP), or simply plurality — is a single-winner voting rule. Each voter marks one candidate
First-past-the-post_voting
Process to choose a course of action
In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief
Decision-making
1982 United States Supreme Court case
library setting under the First Amendment, but the court's fractured plurality decision left the scope of this right unclear. In September 1975, the Island
Island Trees School District v. Pico
Island_Trees_School_District_v._Pico
California Supreme Court civil rights case
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The three justice plurality decision was authored by Associate Justice Roger J. Traynor who would later
Perez_v._Sharp
Individuals with multiple personalities
Plurality is a self-reported identity used by those who believe they experience multiple distinct consciousnesses, identities, or self-states. Various
Plural_identity
American lawyer and jurist (1939–2025)
Planned Parenthood v. Casey, Souter voted with the moderate wing in a plurality decision in which the Court reaffirmed the essential holding in Roe v. Wade
David_Souter
1971 United States Supreme Court case
The district court found that the act was constitutional. In a split 5–4 decision the Court upheld the constitutionality of the federal construction grants
Tilton_v._Richardson
1992 U.S. Supreme Court case on abortion
the plurality in upholding the parental consent, informed consent, and waiting period laws. However, they dissented from the plurality's decision to uphold
Planned_Parenthood_v._Casey
1991 United States Supreme Court case
and Scalia concurred in the plurality's judgment. O'Connor agreed with the plurality's deference to the trial court's decision, but she believed that it
Hernandez_v._New_York
Latin phrase
2004, Associate Justice Antonin Scalia used this phrase to decry the plurality decision in Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, which upheld the detention of a US citizen as
Inter_arma_enim_silent_leges
Decision rule that selects alternatives that have a majority
is the plurality-rule family of voting rules, which includes ranked choice voting (RCV), two-round plurality, and first-preference plurality. These rules
Majority_rule
Voting system
(TRS or 2RS), sometimes called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, is a single-winner electoral system which aims to elect a member who
Two-round_system
2019 United States Supreme Court case
by a tribal corporation for sale to tribal members. This was a 5-4 plurality decision, with Justice Breyer's opinion being joined by Justices Sotomayor
Washington State Department of Licensing v. Cougar Den, Inc.
Washington_State_Department_of_Licensing_v._Cougar_Den,_Inc.
Subset of decision science
opinions, but the final decision might disappoint many members. Plurality is the most consistent scheme when superior decisions are being made, and it
Group_decision-making
Period of the US Supreme Court from 1946 to 1953
the practice of block booking. Dennis v. United States (1951): In a plurality decision written by Justice Vinson, the court upheld the conviction of Eugene
Vinson_Court
1996 United States Supreme Court case
of Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. FEC. In a 7–2 plurality decision announced by Justice Stephen G. Breyer, the United States Supreme
Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. FEC
Colorado_Republican_Federal_Campaign_Committee_v._FEC
2020 United States Supreme Court case
collection speech over political speech. The Supreme Court, in a complex plurality decision, ruled on July 6, 2020, that the 2015 amendment to the TCPA did unconstitutionally
Barr v. American Ass'n of Political Consultants
Barr_v._American_Ass'n_of_Political_Consultants
Election that narrows the field of candidates before an election for office
frequently the general election becomes a single-party election. Unlike a plurality voting system, a run-off system meets the Condorcet loser criterion in
Primary_election
Formal decision made by a court
(10th ed. 2014). James F. Spriggs II & David R. Stras, Explaining Plurality Decisions, 99 The Georgetown L.J. 515 at 517 (2011). Black’s Law Dictionary
Judgment_(law)
2022 U.S. Supreme Court case on abortion
Jackson Women's Health Organization, 597 U.S. 215 (2022), is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court in which the court held that the United
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women's_Health_Organization
1967 United States Supreme Court case
Supreme Court of the United States case in which the court held in a plurality decision that the Self-incrimination Clause of the Fifth Amendment applied
Spevack_v._Klein
1994 United States Supreme Court case
police arrests someone for conduct that is not unlawful. It was a plurality decision. Albright v. Oliver, 510 U.S. 266 (1994) Lieberman, Jethro K. (1999)
Albright_v._Oliver
Supreme Court of Canada constitutional case
hearing, by the principles of fundamental justice. The judgment was an early decision under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and was also decided
Singh_v_Canada
1950 United States Supreme Court case
and he was not able to participate in the decision. Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson wrote the plurality decision for the majority, joined by Associate Justices
American Communications Ass'n v. Douds
American_Communications_Ass'n_v._Douds
1946 United States Supreme Court case
549 (1946), was a United States Supreme Court case. Writing for a 4–3 plurality, Justice Felix Frankfurter held that the federal judiciary had no power
Colegrove_v._Green
Political slogan
328 U.S. 549 (1946) the United States Supreme Court held in a 4–3 plurality decision that Article I, Section 4 left to the legislature of each state the
One_man,_one_vote
2008 landmark United States Supreme Court case
offense. The Louisiana court distinguished the U.S. Supreme Court's plurality decision in Coker v. Georgia (1977), concluding that Coker's rejection of death
Kennedy_v._Louisiana
Government of Christian churches
united in the Anglican Communion, which has no governmental authority. A plurality of elders is considered desirable in some (esp. reformed) traditions,
Ecclesiastical_polity
Software that restricts or controls the content an Internet user is capable to access
disabled, without having to explain the reasons for their request. The plurality decision left open a future "as-applied" Constitutional challenge, however
Internet_filter
US Supreme Court justice from 1945 to 1958
Communist. Despite a significant split among the justices, Burton wrote a plurality decision in which he disposed of the case on technical grounds. He argued that
Harold_H._Burton
Supreme Court of Canada criminal law decision
Dunlop and Sylvester v The Queen is a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on participating in a criminal act by aiding and abetting. The Court held
Dunlop and Sylvester v. The Queen
Dunlop_and_Sylvester_v._The_Queen
1986 United States Supreme Court case
and established that municipalities can be held liable even for a single decision that is improperly made. A physician and owner of a medical clinic in Cincinnati
Pembaur_v._City_of_Cincinnati
1971 United States Supreme Court case
not support the damages awarded to Rosenbloom. The decision was made June 7, 1971 with a 5-3 decision. A byproduct of the First Amendment, the court had
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia, Inc.
Rosenbloom_v._Metromedia,_Inc.
1978 United States Supreme Court case
and avoiding divisiveness overcame McDaniel's Free Exercise claim. The plurality disagreed: The essence of the rationale underlying the Tennessee restriction
McDaniel_v._Paty
Supreme Court of Canada criminal law case
Azoulay v The Queen, [1952] 2 S.C.R. 495, is a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada relating to the role of a trial judge in giving instructions to
Azoulay_v_The_Queen
Single-winner ranked-choice electoral system
continues until only one candidate is left. Instant runoff falls under the plurality-with-elimination family of voting methods, and is thus closely related
Instant-runoff_voting
2021 United States Supreme Court case
vote, the Court reversed the Sixth Circuit's decision and remanded the case for review. The plurality decision was written by Justice Elena Kagan and joined
Borden_v._United_States
1966 U.S. Supreme Court case establishing the use of the Miranda warning
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), is a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that law enforcement must warn a person
Miranda_v._Arizona
1980 United States Supreme Court case
a recent United States Supreme Court decision in Gannett v. DePasquale. Issued just a week prior, the decision held that there is "no public right to
Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia
Richmond_Newspapers,_Inc._v._Virginia
Collective decision-making procedure
presidential Hackathon. The Hackathon projects revolved around 'Cooperative Plurality' – the concept of discovering the richness of diversity that is repressed
Quadratic_voting
1981 United States Supreme Court case
and Credit Clause of Article Four of the United States Constitution. A plurality opinion by Justice Brennan, joined by three other justices, held that
Allstate Insurance Co. v. Hague
Allstate_Insurance_Co._v._Hague
1973 Supreme Court of Canada case
three-justice plurality) and because they had "possession from time immemorial" (Justice Hall, writing for a separate three-justice plurality). Hall also
Calder v British Columbia (AG)
Calder_v_British_Columbia_(AG)
Judge's written explanation of case judgment
Each slip opinion has the same elements as the bench opinion—majority or plurality opinion, concurrences or dissents, and a prefatory syllabus—but may contain
Judicial_opinion
2006 United States Supreme Court case
however, the Supreme Court vacated and remanded the case after its new plurality decision in Vieth v. Jubelirer readdressed the political question doctrine
League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry
League_of_United_Latin_American_Citizens_v._Perry
1989 United States Supreme Court case
focused on the plurality's desired narrowing of Roe as described in the section on the viability testing requirement. He wrote that the plurality's approach
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
Webster_v._Reproductive_Health_Services
Proof all ranked voting rules have spoilers
have spoilers, the frequency of spoilers differs dramatically by rule. Plurality-rule methods like choose-one and ranked-choice (instant-runoff) voting
Arrow's_impossibility_theorem
elections in Michigan The ruling in Newberry v. United States was a plurality decision only, and would be overturned in 1941 by United States v. Classic
1928 United States presidential election in Michigan
1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan
1971 United States Supreme Court case
Sixth or Fourteenth Amendments. The Court's plurality opinion left the precise reasoning for the decision unclear. Joseph McKeiver and Edward Terry were
McKeiver_v._Pennsylvania
President of the United States from 2001 to 2009
" There were calls for Bush's impeachment, though most polls showed a plurality of Americans would not support such an action. The arguments offered for
George_W._Bush
1989 United States Supreme Court case
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins, 490 U.S. 228 (1989), is a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court on the issues of prescriptive sex discrimination and employer
Price_Waterhouse_v._Hopkins
2003 United States Supreme Court case
Internet access. In a plurality decision written by Chief Justice Rehnquist, the Supreme Court reversed the District Court's decision, and affirmed the constitutionality
United States v. American Library Ass'n
United_States_v._American_Library_Ass'n
Use of multiple languages
needed] . A study in 2012 has shown that using a foreign language reduces decision-making biases. It was surmised that the framing effect disappeared when
Multilingualism
2020 Supreme Court of Canada decision
the appeal from the decision of the Quebec Court of Appeal. On July 10, 2020, the Court released its judgment, with a 5–4 plurality holding that the Genetic
Reference re Genetic Non‑Discrimination Act
Reference_re_Genetic_Non‑Discrimination_Act
2009 Scottish release of the Lockerbie bomber
Scots published on 29 August 2009 showed a narrow plurality of 47% to 40% opposed to MacAskill's decision. Views representing the faith communities were
Release of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi
Release_of_Abdelbaset_al-Megrahi
2020 United States Supreme Court case
plaintiffs in 2018. The Ninth Circuit's decision drew on Rapanos v. United States (2006), in which the plurality decision authored by Justice Antonin Scalia
County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund
County_of_Maui_v._Hawaii_Wildlife_Fund
Calendar year
general election: The Patriotic Union, led by Brigitte Haas, retains its plurality of 10 seats in the Landtag. February 10 – A bus falls off a bridge over
2025
Legislature of the Palestinian Authority elected in 2006
the 3rd PLC to be held within six months from the date of publishing the decision in the Official Gazette. However, Hamas, which has controlled the Gaza
List of members of the 2nd Palestinian Legislative Council
List_of_members_of_the_2nd_Palestinian_Legislative_Council
Legal predicament
court Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts Plurality decision The citations in this article are written in Bluebook style. Please
Circuit_split
1997 United States Supreme Court case
only joined by three other justices, demoting the rationale to a plurality decision. In the majority's view, the regulations were narrowly-tailored by
Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. FCC
Turner_Broadcasting_System,_Inc._v._FCC
1978 United States Supreme Court case
more limited than that which the plurality espouses, and for an additional reason not relied upon by the plurality." In a separate special concurrence
Lockett_v._Ohio
1991 United States Supreme Court case
agreed with the plurality's overall finding, i.e. that the Appeals Court's decision must be reversed. However, he differed from the plurality by arguing that
Barnes_v._Glen_Theatre,_Inc.
House elections for the 120th U.S. Congress
a challenge regarding the Florida's congressional map, finding a new plurality-Black congressional district would be against federal law. In Georgia
2026 United States House of Representatives elections
2026_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections
Republicans' first time since 2004. Trump won the national popular vote with a plurality of 49.8%, making him the first Republican to win the popular vote since
2024 United States presidential election
2024_United_States_presidential_election
gave Donald Trump 63.2% and Ted Cruz 60.1% of the vote in 2024 and is a plurality White district with a 31.3% Hispanic voting age population. Jessica Steinmann
2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas
2026_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Texas
1972 U.S. Supreme Court case
to a rationale. There was not any signed opinion of the court or any plurality opinion as none of the five justices in the majority joined the opinion
Furman_v._Georgia
Government system where political power lies with the people
common mechanisms involve election of the candidate with a majority or a plurality of the votes. Most western countries have representative systems. Representatives
Democracy
Lower house of the Telangana Legislature
popularly known as M.L.A.s. The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or "first past the post" electoral system. The elections are conducted
Telangana Legislative Assembly
Telangana_Legislative_Assembly
1962 United States Supreme Court case
administrative decisions of the Tariff Commission under 28 U.S.C. § 1543, that they there not truly independent as required by Article III. In a plurality opinion
Glidden_Co._v._Zdanok
1993 United States Supreme Court case
Justices White and Souter, dissented from the plurality, calling the "no-mathematical-bright-line" decision a "cop-out" and quoting Justice Potter Stewart's
TXO Production Corp. v. Alliance Resources Corp.
TXO_Production_Corp._v._Alliance_Resources_Corp.
1966 United States Supreme Court case
decided by a plurality of justices led to controversy over whether it was controlling law until being superseded by Miller. This led to a decision in the 1977
Memoirs_v._Massachusetts
2020 United States Supreme Court case
Ramos v. Louisiana, 590 U.S. 83 (2020), is a U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires
Ramos_v._Louisiana
Vice President of the United States from 1969 to 1973
November 5, the Republicans were victorious, with a narrow popular vote plurality – 500,000 out of a total of 73 million votes cast. The Electoral College
Spiro_Agnew
Index of articles associated with the same name
defeat strength, plurality is satisfied. Plurality is failed when margins is used. Minimax using pairwise opposition also fails plurality. When truncation
Voting_criteria
Socio-linguistic concern
A more formal shift in the recognition of AAVE came in the "Ann Arbor Decision" of 1979 (Martin Luther King Junior Elementary School Children et al.,
African-American Vernacular English and social context
African-American_Vernacular_English_and_social_context
election in which the Republican candidate won the support of a majority or plurality of women voters. This is the last presidential election in which the Rust
1988 United States presidential election
1988_United_States_presidential_election
1990 United States Supreme Court case
determined that a U.S. Supreme Court decision on the issue in Coolidge v. New Hampshire was a plurality decision and not binding precedent. Stewart outlined
Horton_v._California
1974 Supreme Court of Canada case
would have dismissed the appeal in favour of the respondents. The plurality's decision in the case was very controversial and would prove influential in
Canada_(AG)_v_Lavell
1957 United States Supreme Court case
United States Constitution, in this case, trial by jury. Additionally, a plurality of the Court also reaffirmed the president’s ability to enter into international
Reid_v._Covert
October 2025 to October 2026 opinions
the court's opinion denotes that it was only a majority in part or a plurality. An asterisk in a joining vote denotes that the justice joined it only
2025 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States
2025_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
Court ruling which does not identify author
In law, a per curiam decision or opinion (sometimes called an unsigned opinion) is one that is not authored by or attributed to a specific judge, but rather
Per_curiam_decision
American prosecutor (1912–2004)
the poor. The problem was that Justice Frankfurter had written in a plurality decision in 1946 that such issues amounted to a political question—a matter
Archibald_Cox
Election result affecting losing candidate
vulnerability to spoilers. In general, spoilers are common with plurality voting, somewhat common in plurality-runoff methods, rare with majoritarian methods, and
Spoiler_effect
1986 United States Supreme Court case
to possess Little Bird of the Snow's Social Security number." By a plurality decision, it was remanded back to the Federal District Court for the Middle
Bowen_v._Roy
elections held within the city of Chattanooga, county elections use the plurality voting system, with no chance of a runoff. This was a very close primary
2022 Hamilton County, Tennessee mayoral election
2022_Hamilton_County,_Tennessee_mayoral_election
Method by which voters make a choice between options
are several types of plurality electoral systems. Under block voting (also known as multiple non-transferable vote or plurality-at-large), voters have
Electoral_system
Thought experiment
In a 2020 survey, a modest plurality of professional philosophers chose to take both boxes (39.0% versus 31.2%). Decision theory offers two strategies
Newcomb's_problem
Criterion that prevents lesser-evil voting
fail this criterion. Lesser-evil-voting is particularly prevalent in plurality-based voting systems like ranked choice voting (RCV), traditional runoffs
Sincere_favorite_criterion
National Poll: US Voters See No Clear Winner From Zelenskyy-Trump Meeting, Plurality Oppose US Withdrawal from NATO". Emerson College Polling. March 3, 2025
2026_United_States_elections
October 2024 to October 2025 opinions
the court's opinion denotes that it was only a majority in part or a plurality. An asterisk in a joining vote denotes that the justice joined it only
2024 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States
2024_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
1901 United States Supreme Court case
is sometimes stated as whether the Constitution follows the flag. The decision narrowly held that the Constitution does not necessarily apply to territories
Downes_v._Bidwell
Phase since 2022 of war ongoing since 2014
third of the ammunition needed in the early phase of the invasion and a plurality of needed fuel. Most of Ukraine's supporters ruled out sending troops
Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)
Selection of the Democratic Party nominee
positive campaigning. Sources such as Alaska Beacon indicated that with plurality voting, which is how most states currently conduct primaries, it is possible
2028 Democratic Party presidential primaries
2028_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries
1973 US Supreme Court decision on abortion, overruled 2022
decades to restrict abortion or overrule the decision; polls into the 21st century showed that a plurality and a majority, especially into the late 2010s
Roe_v._Wade
Calendar year
election is held, with the Progressive Union for Renewal party winning a plurality of seats. Following the 2022 Brazilian general election and the inauguration
2023
Country in Southeastern Europe and West Asia
districts, in which the executive and legislative officials are elected by a plurality vote of citizens by district. Turkey is subdivided into 81 provinces for
Turkey
2010 United States Supreme Court case
McDonald v. City of Chicago, 561 U.S. 742 (2010), is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States that found that the right of an individual
McDonald_v._City_of_Chicago
1977 U.S. Supreme Court case prohibiting the use of capital punishment for adult rape
sentence. Justice White wrote the plurality opinion, on behalf of Justices Stewart, Blackmun, and Stevens. The plurality held that death was an unconstitutionally
Coker_v._Georgia
PLURALITY DECISION
PLURALITY DECISION
Boy/Male
Muslim
Decision
Girl/Female
Hindu
The Moon, Thought, Prayer, Mind, Decision, Respect, Will decision, Intelligence, Memory
Girl/Female
Tamil
Nibedita | நீபேதீதா
You like to make your own decisions and to be the master of your domain
Nibedita | நீபேதீதா
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nishchay | நிஷà¯à®šà®¯Â
Decision, Confirmed
Nishchay | நிஷà¯à®šà®¯Â
Boy/Male
British, Danish, English, German, Swedish, Teutonic
Form of Reginald; Counsel Power; Advice; Decision; Wise Protector
Girl/Female
Hindu
You like to make your own decisions and to be the master of your domain
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Endowed with Speech; Eloquent; Spokesperson; Talker; Speaker; Rational; Categorical (Decision)
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim
Truthful; Friendly; Good Person; Correct Decision Maker
Boy/Male
British, Danish, Dutch, English, German, Swedish
Form of Reginald; Counsel Power; Advice; Decision
Boy/Male
British, English, Swedish
Form of Reginald; Counsel Power; Advice; Decision Ruler
Boy/Male
Indian
Decision
Boy/Male
Hindu
Decision, Confirmed
Boy/Male
Finnish, German
Advice; Decision Protection
Girl/Female
Danish, German, Norse, Swedish
Powerful Warrior; Advice; Decision
Boy/Male
British, Danish, English, German
Wolf; Advice; Decision
Boy/Male
Hindu
Decision, Confirmed
Girl/Female
Tamil
The Moon, Thought, Prayer, Mind, Decision, Respect, Will decision, Intelligence, Memory
Boy/Male
Tamil
The Moon, Thought, Prayer, Mind, Decision, Respect, Will decision, Intelligence, Memory
Boy/Male
Tamil
Decision, Confirmed
Boy/Male
Hindu
The Moon, Thought, Prayer, Mind, Decision, Respect, Will decision, Intelligence, Memory
PLURALITY DECISION
PLURALITY DECISION
PLURALITY DECISION
PLURALITY DECISION
PLURALITY DECISION
PLURALITY DECISION
PLURALITY DECISION