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Historical Iranian architecture
The Parthian style is a style (sabk) of historical Iranian architecture defined by Mohammad Karim Pirnia. This architectural style includes designs from
Parthian_style
Art during the Parthian Empire
time after the period of the Parthian Empire, art in its styles continued for some time. A typical feature of Parthian art is the frontality of the people
Parthian_art
19–226 CE kingdom in northwestern South Asia
The Indo-Parthian kingdom, also known as Pahlavas or Pahlawas in ancient Sanskrit texts, was a syncretric kingdom founded by Gondophares and was active
Indo-Parthian_kingdom
Iranian empire (247 BC – 224 AD)
The Parthian Empire (/ˈpɑːrθiən/), also known as the Arsacid Empire (/ˈɑːrsəsɪd/), was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient
Parthian_Empire
Architectural styles associated with Iran and nearby regions
Cyrus the Great), The Parthian style includes designs from the following eras: Seleucid era e.g. Anahita Temple, Khorheh, Parthian era e.g. Hatra, the royal
Iranian_architecture
by archaeologists, the religious characteristics of the Iranians of the Parthian era (founded in 247 BC - collapsed in 224 AD), like many other social and
Religion_in_the_Parthian_era
architectural style is characterised by the features that make a building or other structure notable and historically identifiable. A style may include
List_of_architectural_styles
Ancient Persian ice house
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Yakhchāl
Achaemenid-era structure in Persepolis, Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Gate_of_All_Nations
Persian archeological site in Iraq
AD—the main capital of the successor dynasties of the Persian Empire: the Parthians and Sasanians. The structure left today was the main portico of the audience
Taq_Kasra
King of Characene from c. 195 to c. 210
known only from the numerous coins that he minted. His coins are in a Parthian style, and the name on his coins is written in Aramaic as mʼg – which is interpreted
Maga_of_Characene
Archaeological site in Fars province, Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Pasargadae
Historical region located in northeastern Iran
Parthia (Old Persian: 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 Parθava; Parthian: 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅 Parθaw; Middle Persian: 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥 Pahlaw) is a historical region located in northeastern
Parthia
Conflict between the Roman and Parthian Empires
The Roman–Parthian War of 161–166 (also called the Parthian War of Lucius Verus) was fought between the Roman and Parthian Empires over Armenia and Upper
Roman–Parthian_War_of_161–166
Achaemenid-era palace complex in Susa, Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Palace_of_Darius_in_Susa
Royal palace and former residence in Tehran, Iran
constructed Qajar palaces. Niavaran Palace was designed in the International Style and mixes European modern architecture with the traditional Iranian tilework
Niavaran_Palace
City in Xorazm Region, western Uzbekistan
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Khiva
Ancient city in present-day Iraq
royal capital of the Iranian empires for over eight hundred years, in the Parthian and Sasanian periods. It fell in 637, during the Muslim conquest of Persia
Ctesiphon
Building in Fars province, Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Tachara
Castle in Merv, Turkmenistan
the story of siege of a castle, and the scene is presented in a Sogdian style castle." Williams, Tim; Campbell, Katie; Jorayev, Gaygysyz; Wordsworth,
Great_Kyz_Kala
Indo-Parthian king of Sakastan from 135 to 160
(Greek: ϹΑΝΑΒΑΡΟΥ Sanabarou; 135-160 CE) was an Indo-Parthian king. He was the last Indo-Parthian king to rule in both Sakastan and south Arachosia, as
Sanabares
City in southeastern Uzbekistan
site was constructed during the reign of Timur, and features a Khwarazm-style conical dome that is otherwise uncommon in the region. Ismail Samani mausoleum
Bukhara
Ancient city in Fars province, modern Iran
Sasan married a woman of the Bazrangi dynasty, who ruled in Istakhr as Parthian vassals in the early 3rd century. In 205/6, Sasan's son Papak dethroned
Istakhr
Type of roadside inn
Alexandria. Here, the older Egyptian wikala was reinterpreted in an Italianate style by the Italian architect Francesco Mancini. Directed by Muhammad Ali, he
Caravanserai
Mausoleum in Samarkand, Uzbekistan
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Gur-e-Amir
Last pre-Islamic Iranian empire (224–651 AD)
Following the death of the Parthian ruler, Ardashir went on to invade the western provinces of the now defunct Parthian Empire. At that time the Arsacid
Sasanian_Empire
Type of garden originating from Iran
cognate of *paridaida- from a different Iranian language (Avestan, Median or Parthian) borrowed into Persian still in an early period. See Proto-Iranian *paridaiźa-
Persian_gardens
Founder and Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire from 180 to 242
of about two kilometers and a double muddy wall and a trench with a Parthian style and two axes divide the perpendicular intersection of the city to four
Ardashir_I
Former official royal Qajar complex in Tehran, Iran
In the place of the old buildings, commercial buildings in the modern style of the 1950s and 1960s were erected. In March 2026, during the 2026 Iran
Golestan_Palace
Iranian mirror-work
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Ayeneh-kari
City in southeastern Uzbekistan
authentic street performances. The Eternal City showcases a unique mix of Parthian, Hellenistic, and Islamic cultures so that the guests could imagine the
Samarkand
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Imamieh
Architecture of the Sasanian Empire
saw themselves as successors to the Achaemenids, after the Seleucid and Parthian interlude, and perceived it as their role to restore the greatness of Persia
Sasanian_architecture
Architectural element for creating a draft
only one side, it is built with only one downwind opening. This is the style most commonly seen in Meybod, 50 kilometers from Yazd: the windcatchers
Windcatcher
Vacation homes in Hormuz Island, Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Majara_Residence
City in Yazd province, Iran
his Natural History, Pliny the Elder (died 79 AD) mentions a town in the Parthian Empire (247 BC–224 AD) named "Issatis", which is seemingly connected to
Yazd
Structure in Iranian and Islamic architecture
fully developed in Mesopotamia around the third century CE, during the Parthian era. Iwan is a Persian word that was subsequently borrowed into other languages
Iwan
Ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire
historiographical sources in the post-Achaemenid era, especially during the Parthian Empire. He adds: "[Alexander] burned the whole of Persepolis as revenge
Persepolis
City in Azerbaijan
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Nakhchivan_(city)
Ancient Elamite complex in Khuzestan Province, Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Chogha_Zanbil
Fifth period of Assyrian history
and maintained under both the Seleucids and Parthians, and several statues in both Greek and Parthian style, most fragmentary but a handful intact, have
Post-imperial_Assyria
Columned hall or porch in Iranian architecture
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Talar
King of Parthian Empire, 165–132 BC
Mithradates I or Mihrdad I; Parthian: 𐭌𐭄𐭓𐭃𐭕 Mihrdāt), also known as Mithridates the Great, was king of the Parthian Empire from 165 BC to 132 BC
Mithridates_I_of_Parthia
Style of architecture used in Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Traditional Persian residential architecture
Traditional_Persian_residential_architecture
Ancient city, capital of the Median Empire
Iranian history. It later became the summer capital of the Achaemenid and Parthian empires. It was also an important city during the Seleucid and Sasanian
Ecbatana
Type of floor plan common in Mughal India
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Hasht_Bihisht_(architecture)
City in Fars province, Iran
Ancient Near East Round city of Baghdad, modeled after Firuzabad and other Parthian and Sassanian round cities Iran portal Also romanized as Fīrūzābād; also
Firuzabad,_Fars
City in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia
the Sasanian sphere of influence as a result of the victory over the Parthians and the conquest of Caucasian Albania by Shapur I, the second shah of
Derbent
Memorial in Tabriz, Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Mausoleum_of_Poets
Series of conflicts between the Parthian Empire and the Roman Republic and Roman Empire
The Roman–Parthian Wars (54 BC – 217 AD) were a series of conflicts between the Parthian Empire and the Roman Republic and Roman Empire. It was the first
Roman–Parthian_Wars
Symmetrical axis pool in Persian architecture
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Howz
Architectural element
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Shabestan
Architecture associated with the Great Seljuk Empire
already had roots in ancient Iranian architecture and has been found in some Parthian and Sasanian palaces. Soon after or around the same time as the Seljuk
Great_Seljuk_architecture
Traditional Iranian water reservoir
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Ab_anbar
Historic complex in Tehran, Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Ferdows_Garden
District-level city in Qashqadaryo, Uzbekistan
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Shahrisabz
Museum in Tabriz, Iran
items. Entrance of Museum in Summer. 1st floor of the museum. Stucco, Parthian era, Zahhak castle, Hashtrud. Iron Age remains Rock weight, Jiroft, 3rd
Azerbaijan_Museum
Islamic architectural feature
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Sahn
Inner quarters where women lived in traditional Iranian architecture
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Andaruni
Seleucid Empire capital in modern Iraq
following year it was ceded back to the Parthians by Trajan's successor, Hadrian, then rebuilt in the Parthian style. It was completely destroyed by the Roman
Seleucia
Historic palace complex in Tehran, Iran
and architectural importance. It dates back to the Qajar era and has two styles of Iranian architecture. They called this palace "The Stone Palace" during
Sa'dabad_Complex
Ancient city in Iran
capital of the Achaemenid Empire, and remained a strategic centre during the Parthian and Sasanian periods. The name Susa is of Elamite origin and has appeared
Susa
Architectural structure with four arches and a dome
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Chahartaq_(architecture)
City in Herat Province, Afghanistan
suggest that Herat was predominantly Zoroastrian. It became part of the Parthian Empire in 167 BC. In the Sasanian period (226–652), 𐭧𐭥𐭩𐭥 Harēv is listed
Herat
City in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
Kohneh, near the village of the same name. The fortress was active from the Parthian and Sasanian to the early Islamic period. A limited survey of the site
Nishapur
City in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran
the Shias, was martyred). Reza's shrine was placed there. The ancient Parthian city of Patigrabanâ, mentioned in the Behistun inscription (520 BC) of
Mashhad
City in Fars province, Iran
Great, constructed a number of palaces and ornate buildings in the same style as those built during the same period in Isfahan, the capital of the Empire
Shiraz
Ancient major city in Central Asia
satrapy of Margiana. It was subsequently ruled by Hellenistic Kings, Parthians, Sasanians, Arabs, Ghaznavids, Seljuqs, Khwarazmians and Timurids, among
Merv
Historic complex in Isfahan, Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Chaharbagh_School
Temple attributed to Anahita
the Parthian style, which underwent renovations in the Sasanian era. Warwick Ball considers the structure "one of the greatest works of Parthian architecture"
Temple_of_Anahita,_Kangavar
Type of Shia Islamic holy person or shrine-tomb of a holy person
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Imamzadeh
City in Isfahan province, Iran
northwest of the Zoroastrian city of Isfahan, then known by the Achaemid and Parthian name Gabae. Gabai was its Sasanic name, which was shortened to Gay (Arabic
Isfahan
City in Qom province, Iran
temple, or of a Parthian complex. Its true function is still a matter of dispute, but the contributions by Wolfram Kleiss point to a Parthian palace that
Qom
City in Isfahan province, Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Kashan
Building for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Sufi_lodge
Iranian architecture
Complex and the main Niavaran Palace are examples of this architectural style. Features of the city include gates and palaces. Despite the chaotic sprawl
Architecture_of_Tehran
City in East Azerbaijan, Iran
engraving, pottery and ceramics, Ghalamzani (Irania style of toreutics), Moarraq (Iranian style of Mosaic), Monabbat, embroider. A sample of Tabriz rugs
Tabriz
City in Andijan Region, Uzbekistan
right in the center of Andijan, and the dome is the traditional Timurid style onion dome. Babur (1483–1530) — an emperor and founder of the Mughal Empire
Andijan
Mausoleum in Bukhara, Uzbekistan
buttresses are derived from Sogdian traditions of Central Asia. The synthetic style of the tomb is reflective of the 9th and 10th centuries – a time when the
Samanid_Mausoleum
Government ministry of Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts
Ministry_of_Cultural_Heritage,_Tourism_and_Handicrafts
Place in Iran where Husayn bin Ali is mourned by Shia
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Takyeh
Archaeological site in Iraq
southwest of Mosul. It is considered the richest archaeological site from the Parthian Empire known to date. Hatra was a strongly fortified caravan city and capital
Hatra
Historic site in Iran
Izadkhast region. The works within the castle displays different architectural styles and date back to the Sasanian and Qajar eras. The castle is built on a singular
Complex_of_Izadkhast
King of Turan
the major Indo-Parthian kings, Sanabares, in 160 CE. In his coinage, he wears a Parthian-style tiara, a close-fitting headress in the style introduced by
Pahares_I
City in West Azerbaijan province, Iran
Crafts and Classical Arts. Urmia Museum of َAnthropology. The first modern style school established in Urmia in 1834. Urmia was an important centre for higher
Urmia
Shi'ite mosque in Isfahan, Iran
attached to the mosque The mosque employed the new haft rangi ('seven-colour') style of tilework. Earlier mosques and monuments had made use of tile mosaic,
Shah_Mosque_(Isfahan)
Iranian National Heritage Site
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Sheykh_ol-Eslam's_House
Archaeological site in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran
present. Around 3000 BC, potters in Shahr-e Sokhteh reproduced ceramic styles from distant Turkmenistan, located 750 km to the north, and other ceramics
Shahr-e_Sukhteh
City in Ardabil province, Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Ardabil
Apracha King
𐨯𐨯 Gu-du-pha-ra Sa-sa, Guduphara Sasa), sometimes Sasan, was an Indo-Parthian king and Apracharaja who ruled in Gandhara. He is only known from coins
Sases
Iranian island in Persian Gulf
features a relief of a reclining man drinking, in the Seleucid and Parthian styles of Palmyra. A damaged relief suggested to feature Nike is on the face
Kharg_Island
Archaeological site in Kashan, Isfahan province, Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Tepe_Sialk
Mosque in Iran
was built in mud-brick and had stucco-decoration in the Syro-Mesopotamian style of Abbasid architecture. Its remains were excavated in the 1970s during
Jameh_Mosque_of_Isfahan
City in Ganja-Dashkasan, Azerbaijan
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Ganja,_Azerbaijan
Castle in Sib and Suran, Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Sib_and_Suran_Castle
City in Qazvin province, Iran
to the mosque in 1153 (548 AH); the present-day north iwan is Seljuk in style and may be one of them. The present-day mosque mostly dates from the Safavid
Qazvin
Sumerian temple
which was then already 2000 years old. Adad-Nadin-Akhe also built a Parthian style palace on the site. The French excavators never realized that the enigmatic
E-ninnu
City in Kerman province, Iran
000. The ancient citadel of Arg-e Bam has a history dating back to the Parthian Empire (248 BC–224 AD), with many buildings built during the Safavid dynasty
Bam,_Iran
King of Parthia from 124 BC to 91 BC
(also spelled Mithradates II or Mihrdad II; Parthian: 𐭌𐭕𐭓𐭃𐭕 Mihrdāt) was the ruler of the Parthian Empire from 124 to 91 BC. Considered one of the
Mithridates_II_of_Parthia
Historic site in Kashan, Iran
v t e Iranian architecture Periods Pre-Islamic Achaemenid Parthian style Sasanian Islamic Early Islamic Seljuk Ilkhanid Timurid Safavid Types Bazaars Caravanserais
Tabatabai_House
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