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Property of a material
Optical conductivity is the property of a material which gives the relationship between the induced current density in the material and the magnitude of
Optical_conductivity
Quasiparticle in condensed matter physics
transport charge. Polarons are also important for interpreting the optical conductivity of these types of materials. The polaron, a fermionic quasiparticle
Polaron
Capacity of a material to conduct heat
The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct heat. It is commonly denoted by k {\displaystyle k} , λ {\displaystyle \lambda
Thermal conductivity and resistivity
Thermal_conductivity_and_resistivity
Halide mineral
rather its magnetic moments have constantly fluctuating orientations. Optical conductivity observations suggest the magnetic state in herbertsmithite is a type
Herbertsmithite
Hexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
P.; Sharapov, S. G.; Carbotte, J. P. (17 January 2007). "Magneto-optical conductivity in graphene". Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 19 (2) 026222
Graphene
Theoretical model describing the optical response of bound charges
^{2}\right)^{2}+\left(\Gamma _{j}\omega \right)^{2}}}\right].} The complex optical conductivity in general is related to the complex dielectric function (in Gaussian
Lorentz_oscillator_model
Intermetallic compound with 4f and 5f electrons in unfilled electron bands
lead to two important features in the optical response of heavy fermions. The frequency-dependent conductivity of heavy-fermion materials can be expressed
Heavy_fermion_material
Silicon carbide mineral
commercial and industrial applications due to its hardness, optical properties, and thermal conductivity. The mineral moissanite was discovered by Henri Moissan
Moissanite
Cable that combines grounding and communications
An optical ground wire (also known as an OPGW or, in the IEEE standard, an optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) is a type of cable that is used
Optical_ground_wire
Dimensionless number that quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction
{\displaystyle \ \alpha ={\tfrac {1}{\ 4\ }}Z_{0}\ G_{0}~.} The optical conductivity of graphene for visible frequencies is theoretically given by π/4G0
Fine-structure_constant
Material of moderate electrical conductivity
semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. Its conductivity can be modified by adding impurities
Semiconductor
Scientific instruments
Optical tweezers (originally called single-beam gradient force trap) are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to hold and move
Optical_tweezers
Form of carbon
synthetic diamonds are most commonly distinguished using optical techniques or thermal conductivity measurements. The name diamond is derived from Ancient
Diamond
Quasiparticle of mechanical vibrations
properties of condensed matter systems, such as thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, as well as in models of neutron scattering and related
Phonon
Capturing of human-marked data from document forms
via an optical scanner. The first mark sense scanner was the IBM 805 Test Scoring Machine; this read marks by sensing the electrical conductivity of graphite
Optical_mark_recognition
Theoretical model in physics
S2CID 59067473. C. C. Homes; J. J. Tu; J. Li; G. D. Gu; A. Akrap (2013). "Optical conductivity of nodal metals". Scientific Reports. 3 (3446): 3446. arXiv:1312
Fermi_liquid_theory
Inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat
is vast, and identifiable attributes (hardness, toughness, electrical conductivity) are difficult to specify for the group as a whole. General properties
Ceramic
Modified type of wood made transparent
sectors. Transparent wood composites exhibit high optical transmittance (up to 90%) and distinctive optical haze, which allows them to transmit light while
Transparent_wood_composite
"two-fluid" model. If we consider the “normal” electrons, the ratio of the optical conductivity to that of the normal state is α s α n = 2 ℏ ω ∫ Δ ∞ [ E(E + ℏ ω
Mattis–Bardeen_theory
Transparent ceramic material
oxynitride has the following thermal and optical properties: Specific heat 0.781 J/(g·K) Thermal conductivity 12.3 W/(m·K) Thermal expansion coefficient
Aluminium_oxynitride
Method to determine the electronic structure of strongly correlated materials
double occupancy of a site response functions (compressibility, optical conductivity, specific heat) In particular, the drop of the double-occupancy as
Dynamical_mean-field_theory
Energy range in a solid where no electron states exist
Therefore, the band gap is a major factor determining the electrical conductivity of a solid. Substances having large band gaps (also called "wide" band
Band_gap
Electronic instrument
spread-spectrum time-domain reflectometry. The equivalent device for optical fiber is an optical time-domain reflectometer. Time-domain transmissometry (TDT)
Time-domain_reflectometer
Phase of matter
fields to the electromagnetic field, giving rise to a power-law optical conductivity. Neutron scattering measurements of cesium chlorocuprate Cs2CuCl4
Quantum_spin_liquid
the absorbed energy is proportional to the optical conductivity which is the imaginary part of the optical susceptibility after frequency is multiplied
Free_carrier_absorption
highest thermal conductivity of any known solid at room temperature: 3,320 W/(m·K), though reports exist of superior thermal conductivity in both carbon
Material properties of diamond
Material_properties_of_diamond
Diamond created by controlled processes
hardness, optical dispersion (luster), and chemical stability (combined with marketing), make it a popular gemstone. High thermal conductivity is also important
Synthetic_diamond
Protective glass
adhesive in optical bonding processes that dates back to the 1970s as a solution.[citation needed] Silicone's core properties of low conductivity and chemical
Optical_bonding
New Zealand academic
nz. 16 April 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014. Mercier, Ocean (2002). Optical Conductivity of Colossal Magnetoresistance Manganites (Doctoral thesis). Open
Ocean_Mercier
Sensors of light or other electromagnetic energy
are essential in a wide range of applications, from digital imaging and optical communication to scientific research and industrial automation. Photodetectors
Photodetector
Property in optics
ratio of the speed of light in vacuum (c) to the speed of light in a given optical medium (v), n=c/v. The refractive index determines how much the path of
Refractive_index
Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material
hydraulic conductivity; for two similar sandy aquifers, the one with a higher porosity will typically have a higher hydraulic conductivity (more open
Porosity
Electron energy bands which determine the electrical conductivity of a material
bands closest to the Fermi level, and thus determine the electrical conductivity of the solid. In nonmetals, the valence band is the highest range of
Valence_and_conduction_bands
Medium through which electromagnetic waves propagate
In optics, an optical medium is material through which light and other electromagnetic waves propagate. It is a form of transmission medium. The permittivity
Optical_medium
Irish academic
as flexible, transparent, conducting films: extremely high DC to optical conductivity ratios. ACS Nano. 2009 Jul 28;3(7):1767-74. (Cited 640 times, according
Werner_J._Blau
American physicist
Hung; Misewich, James A.; Heinz, Tony F. (2008). "Measurement of the Optical Conductivity of Graphene". Physical Review Letters. 101 (19) 196405. arXiv:0810
Tony_Heinz
The optical properties of carbon nanotubes are highly relevant for materials science. The way carbon nanotubes interact with electromagnetic radiation
Optical properties of carbon nanotubes
Optical_properties_of_carbon_nanotubes
Optical technique for characterizing thin films
doping concentration, electrical conductivity and other material properties. It is very sensitive to the change in the optical response of incident radiation
Ellipsometry
Glass consisting of pure silica
glass, in which other ingredients are added which change the glasses' optical and physical properties, such as lowering the melt temperature, the spectral
Fused_quartz
In geometry, property of being directionally dependent
when measured along different axes, e.g. absorbance, refractive index, conductivity, and tensile strength. Examples of anisotropy include light coming through
Anisotropy
Chemical compound
used transparent conducting oxides, not just for its electrical conductivity and optical transparency, but also for the ease with which it can be deposited
Indium_tin_oxide
Ceramic with room temperature stable cubic crystal structure
sublattice. This facilitates moderate conductivity of yttrium-stabilized zirconia for O2− ions (and thus electrical conductivity) at elevated and high temperature
Yttria-stabilized_zirconia
Method for determining the band gap of a material
; Mott, N. F. (1970). "Conduction in non-crystalline systems V. Conductivity, optical absorption and photoconductivity in amorphous semiconductors". Philosophical
Tauc_plot
Quantity in solid-state physics
mobility can be evaluated using time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC). A pulsed optical laser is used to create electrons and holes in a semiconductor
Electron_mobility
behave as massless quasiparticles known as Dirac fermions. Graphene's optical conductivity properties are thus unobstructed by any material parameters (represented
Graphene_lens
Minimization of heat transfer
capability of a material is measured as the inverse of thermal conductivity (k). Low thermal conductivity is equivalent to high insulating capability (resistance
Thermal_insulation
Gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium
waves and signals in electrical circuits, in optical fibers, and in air. Electrical attenuators and optical attenuators are commonly manufactured components
Attenuation
Infrared optical filter
Metal-mesh optical filters are optical filters made from stacks of metal meshes and dielectric. They are used as part of an optical path to filter the
Metal-mesh_optical_filter
Belgian scientist
2006). "Validity of the Franck-Condon Principle in the Optical Spectroscopy: Optical Conductivity of the Fröhlich Polaron". Physical Review Letters. 96
Jozef_T._Devreese
Allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure
remarkable properties, such as exceptional tensile strength and thermal conductivity because of their nanostructure and strength of the bonds between carbon
Carbon_nanotube
Chemical compound
crystal structure at high temperatures. This high ionic conductivity (and a low electronic conductivity) makes it one of the most useful electroceramics. Zirconium
Zirconium_dioxide
Time resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) is an experimental technique used to evaluate the electronic properties of semiconductors. Specifically, it
Time resolved microwave conductivity
Time_resolved_microwave_conductivity
Semiconductor materials with a larger band gap
use. Melting temperatures, thermal expansion coefficients, and thermal conductivity can be considered to be secondary properties that are essential in processing
Wide-bandgap_semiconductor
Electromagnetic effect in physics
subsequently proposed by Robert Laughlin, who connected the quantized conductivity to the quantized charge transport in a Thouless charge pump. Most integer
Quantum_Hall_effect
Point defect in diamonds
photoluminescence (which enables measurement of the electronic spin state using optically detected magnetic resonance), and its relatively long spin coherence at
Nitrogen-vacancy_center
Organic Polymer
oxidized. The electrical conductivity results from the delocalization of electrons along the polymer backbone. Conductivity however is not the only interesting
Polythiophene
Material with a continuous, unbroken crystal lattice
anisotropic conductivity". Materials Science and Engineering: B. 264 114949. doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2020.114949. "Indium Phosphide PICs". 100G Optical Components
Single_crystal
Model of electrical conduction
Rudolph Franz found that the ratio between thermal conductivity of a material and its electrical conductivity was universal, this relation became known as Wiedemann–Franz
Drude_model
Matter which can change its physical properties in a programmable fashion
ability to change its physical properties (shape, density, moduli, conductivity, optical properties, etc.) in a programmable fashion, based upon user input
Programmable_matter
Material property in which absorbing EM radiation increases electrical conductivity
Photoconductivity is an optical and electrical phenomenon in which a material becomes more electrically conductive due to the absorption of electromagnetic
Photoconductivity
Twine or specialized line for flying kites
solar radiation (UV stabilization), electrical conductivity, optical conductivity, heat conductivity, moisture intake from water (via humidity, rain
Kite_line
Another example of the analytic continuation is calculating the optical conductivity σ ( ω ) {\displaystyle \sigma (\omega )} from the current-current
Numerical analytic continuation
Numerical_analytic_continuation
State of matter
good conducting properties and easy machinability. The high thermal conductivity of most metals also makes them useful for stovetop cooking utensils.
Solid
Chemical compound
the chemical formula Bi2O3. It has seen extensive study for its ionic conductivity, but its most mature use is as a colorant in pyrotechnics. Bismuth trioxide
Bismuth(III)_oxide
Movement of charge carriers with negligible scattering
pure diamond can have a significantly higher thermal conductivity. See List of thermal conductivities.[citation needed] Adiabatic circuit – Low-power electronic
Ballistic_conduction
Blue variety of the mineral corundum
10 and moissanite at 9.5. Non-ornamental applications include infrared optical components, high-durability windows, wristwatch crystals and movement bearings
Sapphire
Substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object
temperatures. Thermal properties also include the material's thermal conductivity and heat capacity, relating to the transfer and storage of thermal energy
Material
Chemical compound
yttria, is Y2O3. It is an air-stable, white solid substance. The thermal conductivity of yttrium oxide is 27 W/(m·K). Yttrium oxide is widely used to make
Yttrium(III)_oxide
Limit at which an optical material will be damaged by a laser
materials whenever the electric field is sufficient to induce electrical conductivity. Although this concept is more common in the context of DC and relatively
Laser_damage_threshold
Study of light interaction with water and submerged materials
satellites. The vast majority of the world's oceans by area are optically deep. Optically deep water can still be relatively shallow water in terms of total
Ocean_optics
Chemical element with metallic and nonmetallic properties
also been used for elements that exhibit metallic lustre and electrical conductivity, and that are amphoteric, such as arsenic, antimony, vanadium, chromium
Metalloid
Electrical wire or other conductor made of copper
used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors. Electrical conductivity is a measure of how well a material transports an electric charge. This
Copper_conductor
nanomaterials. Diamond is often used in kinoform lenses as it has a high thermal conductivity. Higher chromatic aberration is a common drawback. Metasurface A.F. Isakovic
Kinoform
Measure of the electric polarizability of a dielectric material
components (or, equivalently, conductivity, σ, when accounted for in the latter). A perfect conductor has infinite conductivity, σ = ∞, while a perfect dielectric
Permittivity
Optical phenomenon
effect Garcia-Merino, J. A. (2016). "Magneto-conductivity and magnetically-controlled nonlinear optical transmittance in multi-wall carbon nanotubes"
Magneto-optic_effect
Measure of the electric polarizability of a dielectric, compared with that of a vacuum
_{\text{r}}'-{\frac {i\sigma }{\omega \varepsilon _{0}}},} in terms of a "dielectric conductivity" σ (units S/m, siemens per meter), which "sums over all the dissipative
Relative_permittivity
Sensor that uses optical fiber
A fiber-optic sensor is a sensor that uses optical fiber either as the sensing element ("intrinsic sensors"), or as a means of relaying signals from a
Fiber-optic_sensor
Topological insulators of magnetic materials
conductivity ( e 2 / 2 h {\displaystyle e^{2}/2h} ) perpendicular to the surface. The sign of the half-quantized surface anomalous Hall conductivity depends
Magnetic topological insulator
Magnetic_topological_insulator
Polymer
composite material where PEDOT (the conductive polymer) provides electrical conductivity, and PSS (polystyrene sulfonate) acts as a counter-ion to balance the
PEDOT:PSS
Attribute of a physical system or body or non-chemical property of a material
ductility distribution efficacy elasticity electric charge electrical conductivity electrical impedance electric field electric potential emission flow
Physical_property
Chemical element with atomic number 47 (Ag)
lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and reflectivity of any metal. Silver is found in the Earth's
Silver
tomography (MAET), is an imaging modality to image the electrical conductivity of biological tissues Medical imaging, creating images of the human body
Biological_imaging
Quasiparticle form phonon and photon coupling
microelectronics. Phonons are the main source of heat conductivity in materials, where optical phonons contribute far less than acoustic phonons. This
Phonon_polariton
path, Umklapp scattering process limits thermal conductivity (regime of diffusive thermal conductivity). When L {\displaystyle L} is comparable to or smaller
Thermal transport in nanostructures
Thermal_transport_in_nanostructures
German material scientist (born 1958)
investigated the cubic structure of CaCu3Ti4O12, a material with a large optical conductivity, ruling out ferroelectricity in favor of relaxor-like dynamics responsible
Thomas_Vogt
Electronic component
An optical rectenna is a rectenna (rectifying antenna) that works with visible or infrared light. A rectenna is a circuit containing an antenna and a
Optical_rectenna
Physical process by which matter takes up a photon's energy and stores it
resistivity and conductivity. Related measures, including absorbance (also called "optical density") and optical depth (also called "optical thickness") All
Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Absorption_(electromagnetic_radiation)
Synthetic crystalline material
perovskite-like form, and the monoclinic Y4Al2O9 (YAM). Due to its broad optical transparency, low internal stress, high hardness, chemical and heat resistance
Yttrium_aluminium_garnet
Water purified to uncommonly stringent specifications
and bicarbonate. For this reason, conductivity probes are often used to provide continuous monitoring of conductivity/resistivity to ensure purity. Sodium
Ultrapure_water
Capacitance Dielectric constant Dielectric strength Electrical resistivity and conductivity Electric susceptibility Electrocaloric coefficient Electrostriction Magnetoelectric
List_of_materials_properties
Liquid that is attracted by poles of a magnet
gravity conditions. Magnetic field tunable thermal conductivity (~300% enhancement of thermal conductivity) was demonstrated in 2007. Such a large enhancement
Ferrofluid
Measure of how well an object, per unit of area, resists conductive flow of heat
are indicated by the thermal conductivity, sometimes called a k-value or lambda-value (lowercase λ). The thermal conductivity (k-value) is the ability of
R-value_(insulation)
Chemical compound
formula K+[TiO]2+PO3−4. It is a white solid. KTP is an important nonlinear optical material that is commonly used for frequency-doubling diode-pumped solid-state
Potassium_titanyl_phosphate
Passive heat exchanger that transfers heat
that has a much-higher thermal conductivity. Air has a thermal conductivity of 0.022 W/(m·K) while TIMs have conductivities of 0.3 W/(m·K) and higher. When
Heat_sink
Wide-bandgap semiconductor and abrasion-resistant ceramic
and aluminium are common impurities, and they affect the electrical conductivity of SiC. Pure silicon carbide can be made by the Lely process, in which
Silicon_carbide
Set of techniques to measure and visualize aspects of the nervous system
Weinstein D, Koch MA, MacLeod RS (April 2006). "Influence of tissue conductivity anisotropy on EEG/MEG field and return current computation in a realistic
Neuroimaging
Refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with formula BN
1016/0022-3093(95)00748-2. Henager, C. H. Jr. (1993). "Thermal Conductivities of Thin, Sputtered Optical Films". Applied Optics. 32 (1): 91–101. Bibcode:1993ApOpt
Boron_nitride
Photothermal optical microscopy / "photothermal single particle microscopy" is a technique that is based on detection of non-fluorescent labels. It relies
Photothermal optical microscopy
Photothermal_optical_microscopy
Organic polymers that conduct electricity
polymers that conduct electricity. Such compounds may have metallic conductivity or can be semiconductors. The main advantage of conductive polymers is
Conductive_polymer
Lab technique for measuring thermal properties through analyzing reflective properties
thermal properties of a material can be measured, most importantly thermal conductivity. This method can be applied most notably to thin film materials (up to
Time-domain_thermoreflectance
OPTICAL CONDUCTIVITY
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OPTICAL CONDUCTIVITY
OPTICAL CONDUCTIVITY