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Dimensionless number that quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction
the fine-structure constant, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, commonly denoted by α (the Greek letter alpha), is a fundamental physical constant that
Fine-structure_constant
Details in the emission spectrum of an atom
work, Sommerfeld also introduced the fine-structure constant. The gross structure of line spectra is the structure predicted by the quantum mechanics of
Fine_structure
Universal and unchanging physical quantity
physical constants, such as the fine-structure constant α, which characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic interaction. Physical constants, as discussed
Physical_constant
Physical constant with no units
physical constant is sometimes used to refer to some universal dimensionless constants. Perhaps the best-known example is the fine-structure constant, α, which
Dimensionless physical constant
Dimensionless_physical_constant
Verifying quantum electrodynamics by measuring the fine-structure constant
specific tests of QED consist of measurements of the electromagnetic fine-structure constant, α, in various physical systems. Checking the consistency of such
Precision_tests_of_QED
Non-mainstream theory in physics
nature of physics. A physical theory that postulates a varying fine-structure constant can be expressed as either a variable speed of light or a variable
Variable_speed_of_light
Coincidence in mathematics
(3.1496 in) being close to π {\displaystyle \pi } inches. The fine-structure constant α {\displaystyle \alpha } is close to, and was once conjectured
Mathematical_coincidence
Naturally occurring uranium self-sustaining nuclear chain reactions
The natural reactor of Oklo has been used to check if the atomic fine-structure constant α might have changed over the past 2 billion years. That is because
Natural nuclear fission reactor
Natural_nuclear_fission_reactor
NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18. "2022 CODATA Value: fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference
List_of_physical_constants
Physical constant
μ0 is an experimentally determined constant with its value proportional to the dimensionless fine-structure constant, which is known to a relative uncertainty
Vacuum_permeability
Hypothetical conflict with the laws of physics as currently known
bounds on their time-dependence. This concerns the fine-structure constant, the gravitational constant and the proton-to-electron mass ratio specifically
Time-variation of fundamental constants
Time-variation_of_fundamental_constants
Hypothesis about life in the universe
The fine-tuned universe is the hypothesis that, because "life as we know it" could not exist if the constants of nature—such as the electron charge or
Fine-tuned_universe
Nonpertubative field theoretic approach to quantum gravity
into account the gravitational correction to the running of the fine structure constant α {\displaystyle \alpha } of quantum electrodynamics, Ulrich Harst
Physics applications of asymptotically safe gravity
Physics_applications_of_asymptotically_safe_gravity
Absolute dielectric permittivity of free space
These values are determined by the experimentally determined fine-structure constant α: ε 0 = 1 μ 0 c 2 = e 2 2 α h c , {\displaystyle \varepsilon
Vacuum_permittivity
Natural number
thought to be the exact value of the fine-structure constant. The fine-structure constant, a dimensionless physical constant, is approximately 1/137, and the
137_(number)
Lowest possible energy of a quantum system or field
\varepsilon _{0}\hbar c}}\approx {\frac {1}{137}}} The fine-structure constant is the coupling constant of quantum electrodynamics (QED) determining the strength
Zero-point_energy
Parameter describing the strength of a force
are pure numbers. An example of such a dimensionless constant is the fine-structure constant, α = e 2 4 π ε 0 ℏ c , {\displaystyle \alpha ={\frac {e^{2}}{4\pi
Coupling_constant
2018 movie by Ryan Eslinger
claims. He decrypts the ATC interference, ascertaining it is the fine-structure constant in 14 digit chunks. Derek later finds an unexplained executable
UFO_(2018_film)
Type of structure in atomic physics
hydrogen and in muonium have been used to measure the value of the fine-structure constant α. Comparison with measurements of α in other physical systems
Hyperfine_structure
Quantity with no physical dimension
dimensionless numbers like the Reynolds number in fluid dynamics, the fine-structure constant in quantum mechanics, and the Lorentz factor in relativity. In
Dimensionless_quantity
Physical constants of energy and wavenumber
values of the other physical constants that define it. Since the Bohr model is not perfectly accurate, due to fine structure, hyperfine splitting, and other
Rydberg_constant
Property of magnitude or multitude
dimensionless numbers like the Reynolds number in fluid dynamics, the fine-structure constant in quantum mechanics, and the Lorentz factor in relativity. In
Quantity
Mass of a stationary electron
Rydberg constant R∞ and the fine-structure constant α obtained through spectroscopic measurements. Using the definition of the Rydberg constant: R ∞ =
Electron_mass
Hypothesis that inertial and gravitational masses are equivalent
fundamental physical constants. For example, Webb et al. reported detection of variation (at the 10−5 level) of the fine-structure constant from measurements
Equivalence_principle
Length used in relativistic quantum physics
{Ze^{2}}{r}}\psi .} Dividing through by ħc and rewriting in terms of the fine-structure constant, one obtains: i c ∂ ∂ t ψ = − λ ¯ 2 ∇ 2 ψ − α Z r ψ . {\displaystyle
Compton_wavelength
First letter of the Greek alphabet
alpha carbon and strength of electromagnetic interaction (as fine-structure constant). Alpha also stands for thermal expansion coefficient of a compound
Alpha
Physical theory of the cosmos
observations showing that the largest possible deviation of the fine-structure constant over much of the age of the universe is of order 10−5. The key
Big_Bang
Value in quantum electrodynamics
}}\approx 0.001\,161\,4,} where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the fine-structure constant. This result was first found by Julian Schwinger in 1948 and is
Anomalous magnetic dipole moment
Anomalous_magnetic_dipole_moment
Number of protons in the observable universe
foundations of physics. Eddington argued that the value of the fine-structure constant, α, could be obtained by pure deduction. He related α to the Eddington
Eddington_number
Electromagnetic effect in physics
provides an extremely precise independent determination of the fine-structure constant, a quantity of fundamental importance in quantum electrodynamics
Quantum_Hall_effect
American physicist
magnetic moment can also be interpreted as a measurement of the fine structure constant. In 2006, the group made its first measurement with an uncertainty
Gerald_Gabrielse
Extremely accurate clock concept
fundamental constants. A nuclear clock has the potential to be particularly sensitive to possible time variations of the fine-structure constant. The central
Nuclear_clock
German theoretical physicist (1868–1951)
quantum number, magnetic quantum number. He also introduced the fine-structure constant and pioneered X-ray wave theory. Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld
Arnold_Sommerfeld
using physical constants. Avogadro constant: NA = 6.02214076×1023 mol−1 Electron mass: me = 9.1093837139(28)×10−31 kg Fine-structure constant: α = 0.0072973525643(11)
List_of_numbers
Spectral line of hydrogen state transition in UHF radio frequencies
dynamics of individual galaxies, and to test for changes to the fine-structure constant over time. It is of particular importance to cosmology because
Hydrogen_line
Unit of length about the size of a hydrogen atom
speed of light in vacuum, and α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the fine-structure constant. The CODATA value of the Bohr radius is 5.29177210544(82)×10−11 m
Bohr_radius
Gauge boson self-energy due to interactions with virtual particles
}{mc}}=3.86\times 10^{-13}{\text{ m}}} ). To lowest order in the fine-structure constant, α {\displaystyle \alpha } , the QED result for the electrostatic
Vacuum_polarization
Units of measurement based on universal physical constants
order to reinsert physical constants (such dimensions uniquely determine the full formula). where: α is the fine-structure constant, e2 / 4πε0ℏc = 0.0072973525643(11)
Natural_units
Definition of the units kg, A, K and mol
4976701. S2CID 119283799. "2022 CODATA Value: fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved
2019_revision_of_the_SI
Hexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
infrared wavelengths, where α is the fine-structure constant. This is due to the unusual low-energy electronic structure of monolayer graphene, characterized
Graphene
Unique features in the electronic bands of a given material
Physics portal Fine structure constant Rashba effect Dresselhaus effect Radwański, R. J.; Ropka, Z. (2001), "Fine Electronic Structure and Magnetism of
Fine_electronic_structure
Maarten Schmidt measure the fine-structure splitting of spectral lines in 3C191 and thereby show that the fine-structure constant does not vary significantly
Timeline of cosmological theories
Timeline_of_cosmological_theories
Standard unit of mass for atomic-scale entities
is the speed of light, h is the Planck constant, α is the fine-structure constant, and R∞ is the Rydberg constant. As may be observed from the old values
Dalton_(unit)
Speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum
Fine Structure Constant in Space and Time (PhD). arXiv:astro-ph/0401631. Bibcode:2004astro.ph..1631M. Uzan, J.-P. (2003). "The fundamental constants and
Speed_of_light
System of measurement
McWeeny. Dimensionless physical constants retain their values in any system of units. Of note is the fine-structure constant α = e 2 / ( 4 π ϵ 0 ℏ c ) ≈
Atomic_units
Periodic table of the elements with eight or more periods
electron orbitals at Z > 1/α ≈ 137.036 (the reciprocal of the fine-structure constant), suggesting that neutral atoms cannot exist beyond element 137
Extended_periodic_table
Electron penetration depth at which its energy is reduced by 1/e
denotes the reduced Planck constant, me is the electron rest mass, c is the speed of light, α is the fine-structure constant. For electrons at lower energies
Radiation_length
Hypothesis about sapient life and the universe
dimensionless physical constants (such as the fine-structure constant) governing the four fundamental interactions are balanced as if fine-tuned to permit the
Anthropic_principle
This is a list of common physical constants and variables, and their notations. Note that bold text indicates that the quantity is a vector. List of letters
List of common physics notations
List_of_common_physics_notations
Expansion of the time evolution operator
This close agreement holds because the coupling constant (also known as the fine-structure constant) of QED is much less than 1.[clarification needed]
Dyson_series
Effect in quantum electrodynamics
{\frac {1}{\pi \alpha }},} where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the fine-structure constant. This shift is about 500 MHz, within an order of magnitude of the
Lamb_shift
Function characterizing the interactions between photons and quarks
predicted for the photon structure function in the quark model to leading logarithmic behavior; where α is the fine-structure constant and the fractional quark
Photon_structure_function
Atomic model introduced by Niels Bohr in 1913
{e} }e^{2}}{\hbar c}}=\alpha \approx {\frac {1}{137}}} is the fine-structure constant, R E = 1 2 ( m e c 2 ) α 2 {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {E} }={\frac
Bohr_model
Chance of overcoming the Coulomb barrier
the reduced mass of the two particles. The constant α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the fine-structure constant, c {\displaystyle c} is the speed of light
Gamow_factor
Number, approximately 3.14
orthopositronium. The inverse lifetime to lowest order in the fine-structure constant α is 1 τ = 2 π 2 − 9 9 π m e α 6 , {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\tau
Pi
American physicist and inventor (1942–2020)
described "previously thought dissimilar phenomena, such as the fine structure constant (on the scale of the very small) and cosmological red shift (on
Frederick_Kantor
Austrian–Swiss physicist (1900–1958)
been preoccupied with the question of why the fine-structure constant, a dimensionless fundamental constant, has a value nearly equal to 1/137. Pauli died
Wolfgang_Pauli
Symbols for constants, special functions
result the false positive rate in statistics ("Type I" error) the fine-structure constant in physics the angle of attack of an aircraft an alpha particle
Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering
Greek_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering
British astrophysicist (1882–1944)
ISBN 978-0316089081. "2022 CODATA Value: inverse fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved
Arthur_Eddington
Hypothetical physical concept
relativity and that, at the same time, is able to calculate the fine-structure constant or the mass of the electron. Most particle physicists expect that
Theory_of_everything
Force resulting from the quantisation of a field
(per unit area) between parallel plates vanishes as alpha, the fine structure constant, goes to zero, and the standard result, which appears to be independent
Casimir_effect
Elementary particle with negative charge
1038/25303. S2CID 16080209. "2022 CODATA Value: fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved
Electron
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
Contribution to the Electron g-2 and an Improved Value of the Fine Structure Constant". Physical Review Letters. 109 (11) 111807. arXiv:1205.5368. Bibcode:2012PhRvL
Quantum_mechanics
Interferometer which uses the wave-like nature of atoms
fundamental physics, including measurements of the gravitational constant, the fine-structure constant, and universality of free fall. Applied uses of atom interferometers
Atom_interferometer
German-American physicist (1906–2005)
Theory of the Temperature of Absolute Zero where he calculated the fine structure constant from the absolute zero temperature in Celsius units. The paper
Hans_Bethe
Atom of the element hydrogen
^{2}\approx 10^{-5}} , where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the fine-structure constant. Most of these shortcomings were resolved by Arnold Sommerfeld's
Hydrogen_atom
Intrinsic quantum property of particles
as j × j divided by 2π [sic] [where j is the square root of the fine-structure constant], and was due to an alternative way the electron can go from place
Spin_(physics)
Charge carried by one proton or electron
} where α is the fine-structure constant, c is the speed of light, ε0 is the electric constant, and ħ is the reduced Planck constant. Charge quantization
Elementary_charge
Units defined only by physical constants
10^{-18}{\text{ C}}\approx 11.7\ e} (where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the fine-structure constant) for k e = 1 {\displaystyle k_{\text{e}}=1} , or q P ′ = ε 0 ℏ
Planck_units
Extension of the Bohr model
^{2}Z^{2}}}\right)^{2}}}\right)^{-1/2}-1} where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the fine-structure constant. This solution (using substitutions for quantum numbers) is equivalent
Bohr–Sommerfeld_model
German physicist (born 1943)
M. (1980). "New Method for High-Accuracy Determination of the Fine-Structure Constant Based on Quantized Hall Resistance". Physical Review Letters. 45
Klaus_von_Klitzing
Ratio of magnetic moment to angular momentum
}{2\pi }}+\cdots \right),} where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the fine-structure constant. Here the small corrections to g = −2 come from the quantum field
Gyromagnetic_ratio
Creation of particle-antiparticle pair from a neutral boson
r_{\text{e}}^{2}\,Z^{2}\,P(E,Z)} where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the fine-structure constant, r e {\displaystyle r_{\text{e}}} is the classical electron radius
Pair_production
Formula to approximate nuclear mass based on nucleon counts
a_{\text{C}}={\frac {3e^{2}}{20\pi \varepsilon _{0}r_{0}}}.} Using the fine-structure constant, we can rewrite the value of a C {\displaystyle a_{\text{C}}} as
Semi-empirical_mass_formula
Quantum number related to the strong force
interaction; for example, in quantum electrodynamics, the fine-structure constant is a coupling constant. The charge in a gauge theory has to do with the way
Color_charge
Italian-American physicist (born 1938)
covers high-energy physics, including grand unification and the fine-structure constant, and astrophysics, including baryon asymmetry, pulsar kicks, and
Gino_Segrè
Theoretical framework in physics
coupling constant, in which the series is expanded, must be a sufficiently small number. The coupling constant in QED is the fine-structure constant α ≈ 1/137
Quantum_field_theory
Quantum field theory of electromagnetism
series, and what we get here is a perturbation series with the fine-structure constant as the development parameter. This series expansion of the probability
Quantum_electrodynamics
Physical constant providing length scale to interatomic interactions
three length scales can be written in terms of any other using the fine-structure constant α {\displaystyle \alpha } : r e = λ ¯ e α = a 0 α 2 . {\displaystyle
Classical_electron_radius
Hypothesis relating age of the universe to physical constants
the −3/2 power of the gravitational fine-structure constant (analogous to the electromagnetic fine-structure constant), 10−40.) Several authors have recently
Dirac large numbers hypothesis
Dirac_large_numbers_hypothesis
Atoms with a single valence electron, so they behave like hydrogen
c^{2}}}={\frac {m_{\mathrm {e} }}{\mu }}a_{0}} where α is the fine-structure constant. Here, μ is the reduced mass of the nucleus–electron system, that
Hydrogen-like_atom
Type of radioactive decay
is the final momentum, Γ the Gamma function, and (if α is the fine-structure constant and rN the radius of the final state nucleus) S = 1 − α 2 Z 2
Beta_decay
Electron-electron scattering
F {\displaystyle G_{\rm {F}}} is Fermi's constant, α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the fine structure constant, Θ cm {\displaystyle \Theta _{\text{cm}}}
Møller_scattering
Bound state of an electron and positron
invariant. But if one adds the 1/c2n (or α2n, where α is the fine-structure constant) terms, where n = 1,2..., then the result is relativistically invariant
Positronium
Quantum state with the lowest possible energy
and like all other observable effects in QED, it vanishes as the fine structure constant, α, goes to zero." Pair production Vacuum energy Lamb shift False
Quantum_vacuum_state
Spectroscopic techniques that measure the absorption of radiation
and measurements of the Lamb shift are now used to determine the fine-structure constant. The most straightforward approach to absorption spectroscopy is
Absorption_spectroscopy
Low energy photon scattering off charged particles
{}}_{\text{c}}} is its reduced Compton wavelength, and α is the fine structure constant. A notable feature is that the cross section is independent of
Thomson_scattering
One over a whole number
difference between two levels. Arthur Eddington argued that the fine-structure constant was a unit fraction. He initially thought it to be 1/136 and later
Unit_fraction
Electron-photon scattering cross section
}}_{c}=\alpha \lambda _{c}/2\pi } , where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the fine structure constant (~1/137) and λ ¯ c = ℏ / m e c {\displaystyle {\bar {\lambda }}_{c}=\hbar
Klein–Nishina_formula
Effective particle coupling beyond tree level
{\displaystyle F_{2}(0)\approx {\frac {\alpha }{2\pi }}} where α is the fine-structure constant. Nonoblique correction Wong, Samuel S. M. (2024-11-12). Introductory
Vertex_function
Property of gauge theories in particle physics
where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the theory's equivalent of the fine-structure constant, g 2 / ( 4 π ) {\displaystyle g^{2}/(4\pi )} in the units favored
Asymptotic_freedom
Theories of quantum chemistry explained via relativistic mechanics
where ℏ {\displaystyle \hbar } is the reduced Planck constant, and α is the fine-structure constant (a relativistic correction for the Bohr model). Bohr
Relativistic quantum chemistry
Relativistic_quantum_chemistry
Function that encodes the dependence of a coupling parameter on the energy scale
later at the Large Electron–Positron Collider experiments: the fine structure "constant" of QED was measured to be about 1⁄127 at energies close to 200
Beta_function_(physics)
Transient quantum fluctuation (physics)
than about 140, (that is, larger than about the inverse of the fine-structure constant, which is a dimensionless quantity), the strength of the electric
Virtual_particle
American theoretical physicist (1918–1994)
{\frac {\alpha }{2\pi }}} , where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the fine structure constant, is engraved above his name on his tombstone. These symbols refer
Julian_Schwinger
Function describing an electron in an atom
velocity given by v = Zαc, where Z is the atomic number, α is the fine-structure constant, and c is the speed of light. In non-relativistic quantum mechanics
Atomic_orbital
Fringe science journal
who claimed to redefine the elementary charge and eliminate the fine structure constant, directly in contradiction to mainstream physics. The journal is
Physics_Essays
Quantum mechanical state change
reduced Planck constant, c {\displaystyle c} is the vacuum speed of light, and α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the fine-structure constant. The expression
Spontaneous_emission
Retrieved December 10, 2018. "2022 CODATA Value: fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved
Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)
Type of approximation to an underlying physical theory
which requires only the renormalization of two parameters (the fine structure constant and the electron mass). Steven Weinberg's "folk theorem" stipulates
Effective_field_theory
FINE STRUCTURE-CONSTANT
FINE STRUCTURE-CONSTANT
Female
German
Short form of German Wilhelmine, MINE means "will-helmet."
Male
Romanian
Pet form of Romanian Åžtefan, FANE means "crown."
Boy/Male
Indian
Solid structure
Girl/Female
Indian
Shape, Structure
Female
Italian
Short form of Italian Serafina, FINA means "burning one" or "serpent." Also used as a short form of other names ending with -fina. The masculine form is Fino.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Fine.
Girl/Female
Celtic Irish
Fire or joy.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a clever or elegant man, from Old French fin ‘fine’, ‘delicate’, ‘skilled’, ‘cunning’ (originally a noun from Latin finis ‘end’, ‘extremity’, ‘boundary’, later used also as an adjective in the sense ‘ultimate’, ‘excellent’).Jewish (American) : Americanized spelling of Fein.
Male
Italian
Short form of Italian Serafino, FINO means "burning one" or "serpent." Also used as a short form of other names ending with -fino. The feminine form is Fina.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Solid structure
Girl/Female
Indian
Shape, Structure
Female
Yiddish
 Yiddish name derived from the word bin(e), BINE means "bee." Compare with other forms of Bine.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Shape, Structure
Male
Scandinavian
 Scandinavian form of Old Norse Finnr, FINN means "from Finland." Compare with another form of Finn.
Female
Yiddish
Yiddish form of Hebrew Diynah, DINE means "judgment."
Girl/Female
Indian, Kashmiri
Body Structure
Girl/Female
Tamil
Shape, Structure
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a refiner of gold and other metals, from Middle English fine(n) ‘to refine or purify’ (a derivative of fine ‘fine’, ‘pure’).Probably a translated form of German Feiner.
Girl/Female
Indian
Structure
Boy/Male
Indian
Good Structure
FINE STRUCTURE-CONSTANT
FINE STRUCTURE-CONSTANT
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Ratcliff.
Boy/Male
Indian
Blessed, Fortunate
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Peaceful; Gentle; Soft; Patient; Equipoise Person
Boy/Male
Tamil
Narottam | நரோதà¯à®¤à®®
Best among men, Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
Indian
Friendly, Of good company
Girl/Female
Muslim
Noble, Excellent, Generous, Distinguished
Boy/Male
Tamil
Parishudh | பரீஷà¯à®¤
Nirmal
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
God of Gold; God of Gem
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Lord of Life
Girl/Female
Greek
Pointed pillar.
FINE STRUCTURE-CONSTANT
FINE STRUCTURE-CONSTANT
FINE STRUCTURE-CONSTANT
FINE STRUCTURE-CONSTANT
FINE STRUCTURE-CONSTANT
n.
Arrangement of parts, of organs, or of constituent particles, in a substance or body; as, the structure of a rock or a mineral; the structure of a sentence.
n.
To impose a pecuniary penalty upon for an offense or breach of law; to set a fine on by judgment of a court; to punish by fine; to mulct; as, the trespassers were fined ten dollars.
a.
Resembling aphanite; having a very fine-grained structure.
superl.
Not thick or heavy; slender; filmy; as, a fine thread.
superl.
Thin; attenuate; keen; as, a fine edge.
n.
Manner of organization; the arrangement of the different tissues or parts of animal and vegetable organisms; as, organic structure, or the structure of animals and plants; cellular structure.
a.
To change by fine gradations; as (Naut.), to fine down a ship's lines, to diminish her lines gradually.
n.
A localized morbid contraction of any passage of the body. Cf. Organic stricture, and Spasmodic stricture, under Organic, and Spasmodic.
superl.
Made of fine materials; light; delicate; as, fine linen or silk.
imp. & p. p.
of Fine
a.
To make finer, or less coarse, as in bulk, texture, etc.; as. to fine the soil.
a.
To make fine; to refine; to purify, to clarify; as, to fine gold.
a.
Affected with a stricture; as, a strictured duct.
v. i.
To pay a fine. See Fine, n., 3 (b).
a.
Of or pertaining to organit structure; as, a structural element or cell; the structural peculiarities of an animal or a plant.
v. i.
To march in a file or line, as soldiers, not abreast, but one after another; -- generally with off.
superl.
Having (such) a proportion of pure metal in its composition; as, coins nine tenths fine.
a.
Having a definite organic structure; showing differentiation of parts.
superl.
Not coarse; comminuted; in small particles; as, fine sand or flour.
a.
Of or pertaining to structure; affecting structure; as, a structural error.