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Norwegian-American physical chemist and theoretical physicist (1903-1976)
Lars Onsager (27 November 1903 – 5 October 1976) was a Norwegian American physical chemist and theoretical physicist. He held the Gibbs Professorship
Lars_Onsager
Surname list
Onsager is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Lars Onsager (1903–1976), Norwegian–American physical chemist and theoretical physicist
Onsager
Relations between flows and forces, or gradients, in thermodynamic systems
In thermodynamics, the Onsager reciprocal relations express the equality of certain ratios between flows and forces in thermodynamic systems out of equilibrium
Onsager_reciprocal_relations
Statistical physics award by the American Physics Society
The Lars Onsager Prize is a prize in theoretical statistical physics awarded annually by the American Physical Society. Prize recipients receive a medal
Lars_Onsager_Prize
Observational basis of thermodynamics
only one combination) and ln ( 1 ) = 0 {\displaystyle \ln(1)=0} . The Onsager reciprocal relations have been considered the fourth law of thermodynamics
Laws_of_thermodynamics
The Onsager Medal (Norwegian: Onsagermedaljen) is a scholastic presentation awarded to researchers in one or more subject areas of chemistry, physics
Onsager_Medal
Summary of dynamics of a stochastic process
The Onsager–Machlup function is a function that summarizes the dynamics of a continuous stochastic process. It is used to define a probability density
Onsager–Machlup_function
Understanding of gas properties in terms of molecular motion
terms of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (for Brownian motion) and the Onsager reciprocal relations. The theory was historically significant as the first
Kinetic_theory_of_gases
Norwegian painter (1878–1946)
Søren Onsager (6 October 1878 – 28 November 1946) was a Norwegian painter. Onsager was born at Holmestrand in Vestfold, Norway. His parents were Martin
Søren_Onsager
Australian and American mathematician (born 1975)
Onsager Medal for: "his combination of mathematical depth, width and volume in a manner unprecedented in contemporary mathematics". His Lars Onsager lecture
Terence_Tao
Model describing the departures from ideality in solutions of electrolytes and plasmas
modified their theory in 1926 and their theory was further modified by Lars Onsager in 1927. All the postulates of the original theory were retained. In addition
Debye–Hückel_theory
Principle in kinetic systems
constants that follow from the principle of detailed balance. In 1931, Lars Onsager used these relations in his works, for which he was awarded the 1968 Nobel
Detailed_balance
Mathematical model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics
harder and was only given an analytic description much later, by Lars Onsager (1944). It is usually solved by a transfer-matrix method, although there
Ising_model
Norwegian businessman and politician (1877-1943)
Johannes Onsager Brecke (1 October 1877 – 28 April 1943) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party. He was born in Drammen
Johannes_Brecke
Branch of thermodynamics
rate of dissipation of energy (Rayleigh 1873, Onsager 1931, also), time rate of entropy production (Onsager 1931), thermodynamic fields, dissipative structure
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Non-equilibrium_thermodynamics
American physicist (born 1965)
thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, for which he was awarded the 2019 Lars Onsager Prize. In 1997, he derived the now famous Jarzynski equality, confirmation
Christopher_Jarzynski
Measure of the ability of a solution containing electrolytes to conduct electricity
of concentration dependence and additivity of ionic contributions. Lars Onsager gave a theoretical explanation of Kohlrausch's law by extending Debye–Hückel
Conductivity_(electrolytic)
Quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity
quantum vortices was first predicted by Lars Onsager in 1949 in connection with superfluid helium. Onsager reasoned that quantisation of vorticity is a
Quantum_vortex
Transport of dissolved species from the highest to the lowest concentration region
L_{ij}} is Onsager's matrix of kinetic transport coefficients. The thermodynamic forces for the transport processes were introduced by Onsager as the space
Diffusion
Exchange of mass, energy, and momentum between observed and studied systems
by Lars Onsager using statistical mechanics as a consequence of the time reversibility of microscopic dynamics. The theory developed by Onsager is much
Transport_phenomena
Time reversal symmetry in physics
implies two important laws: the principle of detailed balance and the Onsager reciprocal relations. T-symmetry of the microscopic description together
T-symmetry
French physicist
director of ESPCI ParisTech since 2003. He is the recipient of the 2024 Lars Onsager Prize in theoretical statistical physics by the American Physical Society
Jacques_Prost
American theoretical physicist (1918–2010)
where she used applied spinor analysis to rederive the result of Lars Onsager on the partition function of the two-dimensional Ising model, and to the
Bruria_Kaufman
Russian mathematician (born 1956)
Prize in 1988 for his work in harmonic analysis. He also received the Lars Onsager medal in 2004. He is currently a University Distinguished Professor at
Alexander_Volberg
Theorem of thermodynamics of non-equilibrium processes
by Prigogine in 1947 from the Onsager relations. Prigogine's theorem is valid if the kinetic coefficients in the Onsager relations are constant (do not
Prigogine's_theorem
Particle, atom or molecule with a net electrical charge
are not soluble in nonpolar liquids. Nevertheless, pioneering works by Onsager, Fuoss, Kraus in 20th century proved that ionization in nonpolar liquids
Ion
State of matter with properties of both conventional liquids and crystals
predicts lyotropic phase transitions is the hard-rod model proposed by Lars Onsager. This theory considers the volume excluded from the center-of-mass of one
Liquid_crystal
Material that can form magnetic vortices
Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov, who was elaborating on the ideas by Lars Onsager and Richard Feynman of quantum vortices in superfluids. Abrikosov compared
Type-II_superconductor
Model in statistical mechanics
interactions, yet having an analytical solution. The model was solved by Lars Onsager for the special case that the external magnetic field H = 0. An analytical
Square_lattice_Ising_model
British theoretical physicist (born 1941)
reportedly part of the inspiration for China's lunar gravity research facility. Onsager Medal, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2001 Gibbs Lecturer
Michael_Berry_(physicist)
Property of a thermodynamic system
(1983). An Introduction to Thermomechanics. Amsterdam.: North Holland. Onsager, Lars (1931). "Reciprocal Relations in Irreversible Processes". Phys. Rev
Entropy
English physicist (1931–2021)
transitions and critical phenomena during the past 25 years" Fisher won the Lars Onsager Prize in 1995 "for his numerous and seminal contributions to statistical
Michael_Fisher
Czechoslovak–US mathematical physicist
supervision of Peter G. Bergmann. He then continued his research with Lars Onsager, at Yale University, where he attained a faculty position. He moved to
Joel_Lebowitz
equation Phase rule Kopp's law Noro–Frenkel law of corresponding states Onsager reciprocal relations Stefan number Thermodynamics Timeline of thermodynamics
Table of thermodynamic equations
Table_of_thermodynamic_equations
British physicist
and Prize from the British Institute of Physics in 1981, and the Lars Onsager Prize from the American Physical Society in 2000, especially, for his work
J._Michael_Kosterlitz
British–American theoretical physicist
Dirac Medal of the Institute of Physics (UK) in 2000, was awarded the Lars Onsager Prize by the APS in 2004, the Boltzmann Medal by IUPAP in 2010, the Dirac
John_Cardy
Idealized thermodynamic cycle
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Carnot_cycle
Unsteady state combustion process
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Pressure_gain_combustion
Thermodynamic potential of entropy, analogous to the free energy
entropies frequently appear as the logarithm of a partition function. The Onsager reciprocal relations in particular, are developed in terms of entropic
Free_entropy
Theoretical Physicist
Max Planck medal among other awards and recognitions. He won the Lars Onsager prize from American Physical Society in 2015 for his contributions to Statistical
Franz_Wegner
Country in northern Europe
development of numerical weather prediction. Norwegian chemists like Lars Onsager, a Nobel laureate, and Odd Hassel, recognised for his work in stereochemistry
Norway
American mathematician and physicist (born 1941)
American Philosophical Society in 1990. In 2001, he was awarded the Lars Onsager Prize. In 2003, he was awarded the Wolf Prize in physics for his work on
Bertrand_Halperin
Norwegian diplomat and politician (1924–2026)
Hegermann and Ole Wilhelm Erichsen. Lund was married to psychologist Bente Onsager Fredriksen (1921–1995) from 1951 to 1964, and to Ebba Sundt (née Andersson)
Bernt_H._Lund
Iranian-American physicist
Mathematics and Theoretical Physics 2025 the IUPAP Boltzmann Medal 2026 Lars Onsager Prize, American Physical Society His following courses are currently available
Mehran_Kardar
Branch of physics
crystal Polymer Scientists Van der Waals Onnes von Laue Bragg Debye Bloch Onsager Mott Peierls Landau Luttinger Anderson Van Vleck Hubbard Shockley Bardeen
Condensed_matter_physics
American physicist (born 1948)
focuses on applications to quantum computers. Friedan received the 2010 Lars Onsager Prize from the American Physical Society "for seminal work on the classification
Daniel_Friedan
Norwegian–American physicist (1929–2025)
Condensed Matter Prize". www.aps.org. Retrieved May 3, 2022. "The Lars Onsager Lecture". www.ntnu.edu. Archived from the original on February 2, 2025
Ivar_Giaever
American theoretical physicist
exact solution of the Kondo problem. In 2017, both were awarded the Lars Onsager Prize. With John H. Lowenstein, he solved the Chiral Gross–Neveu model
Natan_Andrei
Indian mathematician (1937–2019)
in 1972 and the Enright–Varadarajan modules in 1975. He was awarded the Onsager Medal in 1998 for his work. He was recognized along with 23 Indian and
Veeravalli_S._Varadarajan
American physicist (1937–2015)
University of Chicago, the Centennial Medal of Harvard University, the Lars Onsager Prize of the American Physical Society, and the Grande Medaille d'Or of
Leo_Kadanoff
Turkish physicist (1922–2003)
career, he hosted several Nobel Prize laureates, including Paul Dirac, Lars Onsager and Robert Hofstadter. He wrote several books on diverse aspects of physics
Behram_Kurşunoğlu
Theoretical model describing interacting fermions in a one-dimensional conductor
crystal Polymer Scientists Van der Waals Onnes von Laue Bragg Debye Bloch Onsager Mott Peierls Landau Luttinger Anderson Van Vleck Hubbard Shockley Bardeen
Luttinger_liquid
Force distributed over an area
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Pressure
Russian–British physicist
the greatest number of hot papers during 2012–2013". 2014 awarded the Onsager Medal. 2015 elected to be a member of the Academia Europaea. 2016 awarded
Konstantin_Novoselov
Type of thermodynamic cycle
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Ericsson_cycle
Physical process of transition between basic states of matter
was the exact solution of the Ising model, discovered in 1944 by Lars Onsager. The exact specific heat differed from the earlier mean-field approximations
Phase_transition
American physicist (1932–2024)
the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters, and received the Onsager Medal in 2006 at NTNU (Norway). He has also served on the Physics Advisory
John_R._Klauder
American bassist, guitarist, keyboardist and singer (born 1947)
Street apartment in Boston, which he rented from their road manager, Hans Onsager, and where the band would sometimes stay when they played in the city.
Doug_Yule
Canadian physicist (1952–2024)
UBC Physics & Astronomy". phas.ubc.ca. Retrieved 2024-10-09. "2012 Lars Onsager Prize Recipient". American Physical Society Sites. Retrieved 11 March 2014
Ian_Affleck
Thermodynamic cycle that includes the basic Stirling engine
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Stirling_cycle
American horror anthology franchise
Miska, Gary Binkow, Gregg Bishop, Dan Caudill, Stephen Caudill and Nils Onsager Parallel Monsters Nacho Vigalondo Brad Miska, Gary Binkow, Nahikari Ipiña
V/H/S_(franchise)
Lars Onsager won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. After the news, a journalist announced it to Onsager's wife
Relationship between chemistry and physics
Relationship_between_chemistry_and_physics
Engine combustion process
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Diesel_cycle
Thermodynamic cycle
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Brayton_cycle
Thermodynamic cycle
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Miller_cycle
Italian physicist (born 1948)
quantitative understanding of high-energy collisions involving hadrons”. Lars Onsager Prize, 2016. “For groundbreaking work applying spin glass ideas to ensembles
Giorgio_Parisi
professor at the Indian Institute of Science Veeravalli S. Varadarajan - Onsager Medal Awardee and Professor of Mathematics at University of California
List_of_Iyengars
State of matter
arXiv:cond-mat/0102003. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/13/12/201. S2CID 118913736. Onsager, L. (1 March 1949). "Statistical hydrodynamics". Il Nuovo Cimento. 6 (2):
Bose–Einstein_condensate
American physicist (1913–2008)
turned experimentalist" by D. Kaiser. Shared with Enrico Fermi and Lars Onsager. Shared with Polykarp Kusch. "Willis lamb, Jr. - The Mathematics Genealogy
Willis_Lamb
Vortex of supercurrent within a type-II superconductor
Fritz London, combined with a concept of core of quantum vortex by Lars Onsager. In the quantum vortex, supercurrent circulates around the normal (i.e
Abrikosov_vortex
Measure of the ability of a porous material to allow fluids to pass through it
symmetric and positive definite (SPD matrix): The tensor is symmetric by the Onsager reciprocal relations The tensor is positive definite because the energy
Permeability_(porous_media)
Dutch-American physical chemist (1884–1966)
Although an improvement was made to the Debye–Hückel equation in 1926 by Lars Onsager, the theory is still regarded as a major forward step in our understanding
Peter_Debye
American mathematician (1925–2012)
1989 – elected to the National Academy of Sciences. 1995 – awarded the Onsager Medal. 1997 – received an honorary degree (dr. philos. h.c.) from The Norwegian
Frederick_Gehring
Thermodynamic cycle for combustion engines
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Mixed/dual_cycle
Mathematical models of heat pumps and refrigeration
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
Heat_pump_and_refrigeration_cycle
Norwegian painter (1869–1943)
fascination with these developments. Together with fellow artist Søren Onsager he ran an art school from 1926 to 1929. He was also an art critic and sat
Anders_Castus_Svarstad
Concept in chemistry and physics
constants of the reverse reactions (in the "anticlockwise" direction). Lars Onsager (1931) used these relations in his well-known work, without direct citation
Microscopic_reversibility
Law of wavelength-specific emission and absorption
equilibrium, including radiative exchange equilibrium. It is a special case of Onsager reciprocal relations as a consequence of the time reversibility of microscopic
Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation
Kirchhoff's_law_of_thermal_radiation
Equations in thermodynamics
temperature, the entropy is zero for a perfect crystalline structure. Onsager reciprocal relations – sometimes called the Fourth law of thermodynamics
Thermodynamic_equations
Law of thermodynamics establishing the conservation of energy
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
First_law_of_thermodynamics
American rock band
Street, which he happened to be renting from their road manager, Hans Onsager (who worked closely with their manager Steve Sesnick). It was during this
The_Velvet_Underground
Measure of a system's order
in the section on the temporal evolution of correlation functions and Onsager's regression hypothesis. Time correlation function plays a significant role
Correlation function (statistical mechanics)
Correlation_function_(statistical_mechanics)
Regular pattern of magnetic moment ordering
crystal Polymer Scientists Van der Waals Onnes von Laue Bragg Debye Bloch Onsager Mott Peierls Landau Luttinger Anderson Van Vleck Hubbard Shockley Bardeen
Antiferromagnetism
Passage of a system from an initial to a final state of thermodynamic equilibrium
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Thermodynamic_process
Quantum mechanical magnetic effect
impractical. After the 1950s, the DHVA effect gained wider relevance after Lars Onsager (1952), and independently, Ilya Lifshitz and Arnold Kosevich (1954), pointed
De_Haas–Van_Alphen_effect
British physicist (1934–2019)
(1990), the Paul Dirac Medal of the Institute of Physics (1993), the Lars Onsager Prize of the American Physical Society (2000), and the Nobel Prize in Physics
David_Thouless
French physicist and academic administrator
won the Prize Ampère in 1996, the Humboldt Prize in 2009, and the Lars Onsager Prize in 2016. In 2026, he was awarded the ICTP Dirac Medal for his contributions
Marc_Mézard
Thermodynamic process
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Polytropic_process
German chemist (1868–1934)
Mulliken 1967: Manfred Eigen / Ronald Norrish / George Porter 1968: Lars Onsager 1969: Derek Barton / Odd Hassel 1970: Luis Federico Leloir 1971: Gerhard
Fritz_Haber
Chinese-American physicist (1922–2025)
Philosophical Society (1993) Bower Award (1994) Albert Einstein Medal (1995) Lars Onsager Prize (1999) King Faisal International Prize (2001) Marcel Grossmann Awards
Yang_Chen-Ning
Physical systems hotter than any other
possibility of negative temperatures was first predicted by Lars Onsager in 1949. Onsager was investigating 2D vortices confined within a finite area, and
Negative_temperature
Russian theoretical physicist (1933–2022)
- BEC Senior Award awarded together with Sandro Stringari 2021 - Lars Onsager Prize for originating the Gross-Pitaevskii theory of non-uniform Bose-Einstein
Lev_Pitaevskii
Refrigerator that uses a heat source
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Absorption_refrigerator
Thermodynamic process in which pressure remains constant
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Isobaric_process
Maximum attainable efficiency of any heat engine
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics)
Carnot's_theorem_(thermodynamics)
German physicist and physiologist (1821–1894)
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Hermann_von_Helmholtz
Cylinder with hemispherical ends
6..289K. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.6.289. Frenkel, Daan (September 10, 1987). "Onsager's spherocylinders revisited". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 91 (19): 4912–4916
Capsule_(geometry)
Body of matter in a state of internal equilibrium
Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Onsager reciprocal relations Bridgman's equations Table of thermodynamic equations
Thermodynamic_system
French physicist, playwright, and actress
of a depinning transition. She was awarded the Louis Ancel Prize, the Onsager Medal, and the Aniuta Winter-Klein Prize. In 2025, for her work at La Reine
Elisabeth_Bouchaud
Phase of hydrogen
Babaev, E.; Ashcroft, N. W. (2007). "Violation of the London law and Onsager–Feynman quantization in multicomponent superconductors". Nature Physics
Metallic_hydrogen
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