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Layer of many organs in vertebrates
The muscular layer (muscle layer, muscular coat, muscular fibers, muscularis propria, muscularis externa) is a region of muscle in many organs in the
Muscular_layer
Digestive system structure
four layers of specialised tissue. From the inner cavity of the gut (the lumen) outwards, these are the mucosa, the submucosa, the muscular layer and the
Gastrointestinal_wall
Organ system within humans and other animals
externa.[citation needed] The muscular layer consists of an inner circular layer and a longitudinal outer layer. The circular layer prevents food from traveling
Gastrointestinal_tract
Vital part of the nervous system controlling the gastrointestinal tract
autonomic cell bodies that lie between the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscular layer in the gastrointestinal tract. It was discovered and first named
Enteric_nervous_system
Outer layer of fibrous tissue surrounding a bodily organ
colon, descending colon and the rectum, the muscular layer is instead bounded by adventitia. The muscular layer of the duodenum is bounded by both tissue
Adventitia
Histological lexicon for (micro)anatomical structures
of the muscular layer. The muscular layer (also known as the muscularis propria ) consists of two layers of muscle, the inner and outer layer. The muscle
Anatomical terms of microanatomy
Anatomical_terms_of_microanatomy
Digestive organ
in this layer interior to the oblique muscle layer. Outside of the submucosa lies the muscular layer. It consists of three layers of muscular fibres,
Stomach
Inflammatory disease involving a buildup of lesions in the walls of arteries
Calcification forms among vascular smooth muscle cells of the surrounding muscular layer, specifically in the muscle cells adjacent to atheromas and on the surface
Atherosclerosis
Organ in humans and other vertebrates
the muscular layer, and which indicate adenomyomatosis. The muscular layer is surrounded by a layer of connective and fat tissue. The outer layer of the
Gallbladder
Part of the female reproductive tract
The vagina (pl.: vaginas or vaginae) is the elastic, muscular reproductive organ of the female genital tract through which mammals copulate and give birth
Vagina
Tube attached to the intestine
Micrograph of entry point of appendicular arteries (arrows at level of inner muscular layer), not to be confused with a perforation. Meckel's diverticulum Appendix
Appendix_(anatomy)
First section of the small intestine
supply the muscularis externa (muscular layer) before forming a plexus (network of blood vessels) in the submucosa (a layer of connective tissue) called
Duodenum
Final section of the small intestine
muscular layer formed by two layers of smooth muscle arranged in circular bundles in the inner layer and in longitudinal bundles in the outer layer.
Ileum
Part of the enteric nervous system
plexus (or Auerbach's plexus) provides motor innervation to both layers of the muscular layer of the gut, having both parasympathetic and sympathetic input
Myenteric_plexus
Tubes in the human female reproductive system
called cilia, which together with peristaltic contractions from the muscular layer, move the fertilized egg (zygote) along the tube. On its journey to
Fallopian_tube
External opening of the rectum
anus are surrounded by the internal and external anal sphincters, two muscular rings which control defecation. The anus is surrounded in its length by
Human_anus
Thin layer of tissue in the walls of various organs
thin layer of tissue in the walls of various organs. It is a layer of connective tissue (usually of the areolar type) between the muscular layer (muscularis
Subserosa
Thin layer of muscle of the gastrointestinal tract
Latin names translate to "the mucosa's own special layer" (lamina propria mucosae) and "muscular layer of the mucosa" (lamina muscularis mucosae). The muscularis
Muscularis_mucosae
Digestive system in humans
fold called Hartmann's pouch, where gallstones commonly get stuck. The muscular layer of the body is of smooth muscle tissue that helps the gallbladder contract
Human_digestive_system
Thin layer of tissue in various organs
membrane) and joins it to the muscular layer, the bulk of overlying smooth muscle (fibers running circularly within layer of longitudinal muscle). The
Submucosa
Digestive disease of the large intestine
colonic muscular layer, where blood vessels penetrate it. Left-sided diverticula are pseudodiverticula, since the herniation is not through all the layers of
Diverticulitis
Vertebrate organ through which food passes to the stomach
In many animals, the epithelium contains a layer of keratin, representing a coarser diet. The muscular layer of the esophagus has two types of muscle.
Esophagus
Section of the large intestine closest to the rectum and anus
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Sigmoid_colon
Mixture of food and saliva formed by chewing
toward the stomach via peristalsis—a series of coordinated, wave-like muscular contractions. This journey typically takes between 4 and 8 seconds for
Food_bolus
Part of the small intestine
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Jejunum
Protective layer that lines the interior of hollow organs
surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue known as the lamina propria
Mucous_membrane
Layer of muscles of the ribs
muscle is a layer of intercostal muscles. It may also be called the intima of the internal intercostal muscles. It is the deepest muscular layer of the thorax
Innermost_intercostal_muscle
Muscle of the upper limb
Cadaveric brachioradialis of the right upper limb. The superficial muscular layer of the posterior aspect of the right forearm. The brachioradialis is
Brachioradialis
Interstitial cells found in the gastrointestinal tract
Cajal (ICC) are interstitial cells embedded in the muscularis propria (muscular layer) of the gastrointestinal tract. There are different types of ICC with
Interstitial_cell_of_Cajal
Medical condition
or part of the placenta attaches abnormally to the myometrium (the muscular layer of the uterine wall) during pregnancy. This condition was first documented
Placenta_accreta_spectrum
Flexible skeleton supported by fluid pressure
movement, and involves two mechanical units: the muscle layers and the body wall. The muscular layers are longitudinal and circular, and part of the fluid-filled
Hydrostatic_skeleton
Functional segment of the large intestine
segment of the bowel, it functions to regulate release of feces by two muscular anal sphincter complexes. The anus is the aperture at the terminal portion
Anal_canal
Final portion of the large intestine
lining of a single layer of column-shaped cells with mucus-secreting goblet cells interspersed, resting on a lamina propria, with a layer of smooth muscle
Rectum
Part of animal's throat
foregut of insects. In a bird's digestive system, the crop is an expanded, muscular pouch near the gullet or throat. It is a part of the digestive tract, essentially
Crop_(anatomy)
Last part of the digestive system in vertebrates
S-shaped (see sigmoid; cf. sigmoid sinus). The walls of the sigmoid colon are muscular and contract to increase the pressure inside the colon, causing the stool
Large_intestine
Sphincter muscle valve
[citation needed] which is the smooth muscle tissue found beneath the mucosal layer of the digestive tract. A thickening of the muscularis externa is also noted
Ileocecal_valve
Muscles of the throat
muscular layers of the pharynx: the outer circular layer of pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the inner longitudinal layer. The outer circular layer
Pharyngeal_muscles
Boundary of the chest cavity
with the ribs (three layers of intercostal muscles), endothoracic fascia and parietal pleura. However, the extrinsic muscular layers vary according to the
Thoracic_wall
Species of annelid
circular muscular layer of M. rappi is thick and grouped into strands separated by connective tissue for form an oblique shape, and is layered in alternating
Microchaetus_rappi
Ribbons of smooth muscle along the colon
does not occur in the rectum as the tenia coli become a continuous muscular layer. Diverticulosis can then become diverticulitis if the patient develops
Taenia_coli
Tube that connects the urinary bladder to the external urethral orifice
bulbourethral glands. The urethra consists of three coats: muscular, erectile, and mucous, the muscular layer being a continuation of that of the bladder[citation
Urethra
Thin connective tissue layer of mucous membranes
The lamina propria is a thin layer of connective tissue that forms part of the moist linings known as mucous membranes or mucosae, which line various
Lamina_propria
Organ in the gastrointestinal tract
arches within the mesentery known as arterial arcades, which may be several layers deep. Straight blood vessels known as vasa recta travel from the arcades
Small_intestine
Growth of uterine-lining tissue elsewhere in the body
deep infiltrating endometriosis. Deep endometriosis can infiltrate the muscular layer of organs like the bowel or bladder. It often forms nodules, and can
Endometriosis
Coiled sections of tissue that exist in the mucosal and submucosal layers of the stomach
The gastric folds consist of two layers: Mucosal layer – This layer releases stomach acid. It is the innermost layer of the stomach. It is affected by
Gastric_folds
Tubes used in the urinary system in most animals
ureter is surrounded by two muscular layers, an inner longitudinal layer of muscle, and an outer circular or spiral layer of muscle. The lower third of
Ureter
Artery supplying the appendix
Micrograph of entry point of appendicular arteries (arrows at level of inner muscular layer), not to be confused with a perforation.
Appendicular_artery
Smooth muscle coat of the uterus
longitudinal" layout is similar to the muscular layer of the intestines. It is generally believed that the junctional layer derives from the Müllerian duct,
Myometrium
Ring of smooth muscle that surrounds part of the anal canal
sphincter is the specialised thickened terminal portion of the inner circular layer of smooth muscle of the large intestine. It extends from the pectinate line
Internal_anal_sphincter
Part of the throat that is behind the mouth and nasal cavity
shape of its lumen. They are arranged as an inner layer of longitudinal muscles, and an outer circular layer of pharyngeal constrictor muscles. The upper portion
Pharynx
Muscle between the duodenum and jejunum
duodenojejunal flexure. Here, the muscles are continuous with the muscular layers of the duodenum. Considerable anatomic variation exists, in terms of
Suspensory_muscle_of_duodenum
One of the three deep muscles in the lower leg
Flexor hallucis longus shown in red. Muscles of the sole of the foot. Second layer. Anatomical piece showing flexor hallucis longus tendon, chiasma plantare
Flexor_hallucis_longus_muscle
Mucous membrane layer of the stomach
The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer that lines the entire stomach. The mucus is secreted by gastric glands, and surface mucous cells in the
Gastric_mucosa
Uncommon cause of heart attacks mostly affecting younger, healthy women
microvessels that perfuse this muscular layer (vasa vasorum) leads to a collection of blood, or hematoma, between the layers of the artery wall. The hematoma
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Spontaneous_coronary_artery_dissection
Arteries able to dilate to regulate peripheral blood flow
intima of muscular arteries features a thin subendothelial layer and a prominent internal elastic lamina, while the media may contain up to 40 layers of large
Muscular_artery
Tubular structure carrying blood
to a degree—can regulate their inner diameter by contraction of the muscular layer. This changes the blood flow to downstream organs and is determined
Blood_vessel
Pouch in the large intestine
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Cecum
Indentations in the stomach
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Gastric_pits
Finger-like projection of the small intestine
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Intestinal_villus
Line dividing the upper two-thirds and the lower third of the anal canal
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Pectinate_line
Medical condition
myocarditis, a disorder that involves the infiltration of the heart's muscular layer by eosinophils that leads to three progressive clinical stages. The
Loeffler_endocarditis
Topics referred to by the same term
the muscular layer in various organs Tela submucosa (or just submucosa), a layer of connective tissue between the mucosa and the muscular layer in various
Tela_(disambiguation)
Small arteries in the microcirculation
an artery and leads to capillaries. Arterioles have muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle cells) and are the primary site of
Arteriole
Anatomical feature
is a fascia of the pharynx. It is situated between the mucous and muscular layers of the pharynx.[citation needed] It is formed as a thickening of the
Pharyngobasilar_fascia
Two abrupt bends in the large intestine
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Colic_flexures
Intestines as food
The submucosa of chitterlings, peeled from between the mucosa and muscular layer, is used as sausage casing. Both the small and large intestine (bung)
Chitterlings
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Anal_sinuses
Fossa involved in speech
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Pyriform_sinus
fascial layers - posterior, middle, and anterior - that enclose two (anterior and posterior) muscular compartments. The anterior and middle layers occur
Lumbar_fascia
Part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Pylorus
Anatomic feature in the intestines
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Major_duodenal_papilla
Reduction of blood flow to the heart
atheromatous plaque. Calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) deposits in the muscular layer of the blood vessels appear to play a significant role in stiffening
Coronary_artery_disease
Tubular vessels that are involved in the transport of lymph and lymphocytes
smaller lymphatics have fewer layers. The smallest vessels (lymphatic or lymph capillaries) lack both the muscular layer and the outer adventitia. As they
Lymphatic_vessel
Anatomical structure
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Anal_valve
Smooth tissue lining body cavities
Serosa is entirely different from the adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them
Serous_membrane
Cancer of the colon or rectum
Those with invasive cancer of T1 (within the submucosal layer) or T2 (within the muscular layer) have an average five-year survival rate of approximately
Colorectal_cancer
Medical condition
uterine cavity in that part of the fallopian tube that penetrates the muscular layer of the uterus. The term cornual pregnancy is sometimes used as a synonym
Interstitial_pregnancy
Glands in the digestive system
covering. b. Divided fibers of longitudinal muscular coat. c. Transverse muscular fibers. d. Submucous or areolar layer. e. Muscularis mucosae. f. Mucous membrane
Esophageal_gland
Organ in vertebrates that collects and stores urine from the kidneys before disposal
allow for the expansion of the bladder. The detrusor muscle is the muscular layer of the wall made of smooth muscle fibers arranged in spiral, longitudinal
Bladder
Flat plane of skeletal muscle fibers
by current anatomical knowledge. Some sources still describe it in two layers, deep (or proximal) and superficial (or distal or subcutaneous). Some of
External_anal_sphincter
Glands in lining of the human stomach
of vitamin B12. This is the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency. Layers of stomach wall Gastric acid regulation Human pyloric glands (at pylorus)
Gastric_glands
Body part type that consists mainly of muscles with no skeletal support
are generally present in two layers with opposite chirality and wrap around the central core of musculature. In a muscular hydrostat, the musculature itself
Muscular_hydrostat
Part of the digestive system
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Transverse_folds_of_rectum
Fascial space below the chin
the submental space are: the mylohyoid muscle superiorly the investing layer of deep cervical fascia (and this in turn is covered by the platysma muscle)
Submental_space
Longest section of the large intestine
with the small intestine; by its anterior surface, with the posterior layer of the greater omentum and the abdominal wall; its posterior surface is
Transverse_colon
Esophagus as food
prior to the digestive organs. The meat of the weasand is the smooth muscular layer on the outside of the mucous membrane, running from the larynx to the
Weasand
Medical condition
stromal (sarcomatous) differentiation. Leiomyosarcomas originate from the muscular layer of the uterus (or myometrium). Of note, leiomyosarcomas are distinct
Uterine_cancer
Anatomy of the human stomach
gives attachment to the two layers of the hepatogastric ligament – part of the lesser omentum, and between these two layers are the left gastric artery
Curvatures_of_the_stomach
High blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries
proliferation and hyperplasia of the smooth muscle cells constituting the muscular layer of the pulmonary arteries. The smooth muscles in the tunica media also
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Pulmonary_arterial_hypertension
One of multiple small pouches in the colon which give it a segmented appearance
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Haustrum_(anatomy)
Irregular beating of the atria of the heart
own pacemaker (the sinoatrial node) to spread to and stimulate the muscular layer of the heart (myocardium) in both the atria and the ventricles. When
Atrial_fibrillation
Species of horsehair worm
pseudocoelomate whose body consists of an areole containing cuticle layer, monolayer hypoderm, muscular layer, ventral nerve cord and a digestive tract. The life cycle
Paragordius_varius
Ligament formed from the buccopharyngeal fascia
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Pterygomandibular_raphe
Bird digestive organ
the digestive compartments that will churn the ingested material through muscular mechanisms. Thomas Cecere (College of Veterinary Medicine of Virginia Tech)
Proventriculus
Potential space in the neck
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Danger_space
Lymphatic tissue in the lower small intestine
(similar to lymph nodes) located in the mucosa layer of the ileum and extend into the submucosa layer. The number of Peyer's patches peaks at age 15–25
Peyer's_patch
Border between the duodenum and the jejunum
sphincter Anocutaneous line External anal sphincter Wall Serosa / Adventitia Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Circular folds Mucosa Muscularis mucosa
Duodenojejunal_flexure
Microscopic protrusion of a cell membrane that increases surface area substantially
attach themselves to a plasma membrane via transmembrane proteins. This layer may be used to aid binding of substances needed for uptake, to adhere nutrients
Microvillus
Top of the head
layers of the scalp. The scalp has three distinct layers including the cutaneous layer, a subcutaneous connective tissue layer, and a muscular layer.
Crown_(anatomy)
Inner lining of the vagina
displacement of normal vaginal tissue by other reproductive tissue within the muscular layer and epithelium of the vaginal wall. This displaced tissue often contains
Vaginal_epithelium
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