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Study of changes in DNA and RNA over time
Molecular evolution describes how inherited DNA and/or RNA change over evolutionary time, and the consequences of this for proteins and other components
Molecular_evolution
Academic journal
The Journal of Molecular Evolution is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers molecular evolution. It is published by Springer Science+Business
Journal of Molecular Evolution
Journal_of_Molecular_Evolution
Theory of evolution by changes at the molecular level
The neutral theory of molecular evolution holds that most evolutionary changes occur at the molecular level, and most of the variation within and between
Neutral theory of molecular evolution
Neutral_theory_of_molecular_evolution
Study of the evolution of life
the genetic architecture of adaptation, molecular evolution, and the different forces that contribute to evolution, such as sexual selection, genetic drift
Evolutionary_biology
Change in the heritable traits of populations
(December 2005). "Selectionism and Neutralism in Molecular Evolution". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22 (12): 2318–2342. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi242.
Evolution
Technique to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged
rate of molecular change was originally purely phenomenological. Later, the work of Motoo Kimura developed the neutral theory of molecular evolution, which
Molecular_clock
History of the field of study
The history of molecular evolution starts in the early 20th century with "comparative biochemistry", but the field of molecular evolution came into its
History of molecular evolution
History_of_molecular_evolution
evolutionary history of life. After the rise of molecular genetics in the 1950s, the field of molecular evolution developed, based on protein sequences and
History of evolutionary thought
History_of_evolutionary_thought
Branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences
includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process
Molecular_phylogenetics
so widespread and ancient, they can be used as molecular markers in studies of ancient cellular evolution. Phylogenetic analysis using two families of HSPs
Evolution of molecular chaperones
Evolution_of_molecular_chaperones
Peer-reviewed scientific journal
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of evolutionary biology and phylogenetics. The journal is edited by E. A.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Molecular_Phylogenetics_and_Evolution
Academic journal
Molecular Biology and Evolution (MBE) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for
Molecular Biology and Evolution
Molecular_Biology_and_Evolution
Protein engineering method
by Systematically Simulating Darwinian Evolution". Directed Evolution Library Creation. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1179. pp. 103–28. doi:10
Directed_evolution
Variant of one theory of evolution
The nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution is a modification of the neutral theory of molecular evolution that accounts for the fact that not all
Nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution
Nearly_neutral_theory_of_molecular_evolution
Life arising from non-living matter
Formation in Tectonic Fault Zones—an Ideal Scenario for Molecular Evolution". Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres. 45 (1): 139–148. Bibcode:2015OLEB
Abiogenesis
The Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE) is a scientific and academic organization founded in 1982 to support academic research in the field
Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
Society_for_Molecular_Biology_and_Evolution
Evolutionary process
Yin-Qiu; Su, Bing (July 2008). "Molecular Evolution of a Primate-Specific microRNA Family". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 25 (7): 1493–1502. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn094
Human_evolution
Evolutionary origin and subsequent development of cells
Origin and Evolution of Cells". The Cell: A Molecular Approach (2nd ed.). Sinauer Associates. Fox SW, Dose K (1972). Molecular evolution and the origin
Evolution_of_cells
Independent evolution of similar features
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures
Convergent_evolution
Body-covering structure of birds
"Linking the molecular evolution of avian beta (β) keratins to the evolution of feathers" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental
Feather
Discussion of the meaning and usage of the terms evolution, fact and theory
verification needed][page needed] The neutral theory of molecular evolution is used to study evolution as a null model against which tests for natural selection
Evolution_as_fact_and_theory
Change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population
ISBN 978-0-87893-189-7. Hahn, M.W. (2008). "Toward a selection theory of molecular evolution". Evolution. 62 (2): 255–265. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00308.x. PMID 18302709
Microevolution
Concept in genetics
geneticist Motoo Kimura rekindled the debate with his neutral theory of molecular evolution, which claims that most instances where a genetic change spreads
Genetic_drift
The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution is an influential monograph written in 1983 by Japanese evolutionary biologist Motoo Kimura. While the neutral
The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution
The_Neutral_Theory_of_Molecular_Evolution
Accumulation of genetic differences
of the kittiwake, and the evolution of the modern-day dog from the wolf. The term can also be applied in molecular evolution, such as to proteins that
Divergent_evolution
Overview of and topical guide to change in the heritable characteristics of organisms
classification Experimental evolution – Use of laboratory and field experiments to explore evolutionary dynamics Molecular evolution – Study of changes in DNA
Outline_of_evolution
Species having two or more distinct forms
of the 20th century when ideas such as Kimura's neutral theory of molecular evolution was given much attention. The significance of the work on ecological
Polymorphism_(biology)
Evolution on a scale at or above the level of species
shaping evolution, particularly such topics as heterochrony and phenotypic plasticity. Extinction event Interspecific competition Microevolution Molecular evolution
Macroevolution
Bernstein, H.; Hopf, F.A.; Michod, R.E. (1987). "The Molecular Basis of the Evolution of Sex". Molecular Genetics of Development. Advances in Genetics. Vol
Evolution of sexual reproduction
Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction
Israeli molecular biophysicist
proteins. He proposed an abiogenic theory of the origin of life, and molecular evolution from single nucleotides and amino acids to present-day DNA and protein
Edward_Trifonov
1969 scientific biology paper
"Evolutionary Rate at the Molecular Level", with proposing what became known as the neutral theory of molecular evolution. The paper brings together
Non-Darwinian Evolution (paper)
Non-Darwinian_Evolution_(paper)
Irish geneticist and professor
Aoife McLysaght is an Irish geneticist and a professor in the Molecular Evolution Laboratory of the Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin
Aoife_McLysaght
Subfield of genetics
and drift. The availability of molecular data on all genetic differences led to the neutral theory of molecular evolution. In this view, many mutations
Population_genetics
British biologist (born 1965)
a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Zoology in 1990 for research on molecular evolution in primates supervised by Adrian Friday. Holmes has used genomic
Edward_C._Holmes
Science of genes, heredity and variation
amendment to the neutral theory of molecular evolution through publishing the nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution. In this theory, Ohta stressed
Genetics
DNA sequences with no known biological function
tolerate. Similar predictions were made by other leading experts in molecular evolution who concluded that the human genome could not contain more than 40
Junk_DNA
Study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
cancer research, phylogenetics can be used to study the clonal evolution of tumors and molecular chronology, predicting and showing how cell populations vary
Phylogenetics
Organism resembling a form long shown in the fossil records
"living fossil" has undergone no significant evolution since fossil times, with practically no molecular evolution or morphological changes. Scientific investigations
Living_fossil
results of simultaneous analyses of molecular, morphological, and stratigraphic data". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 12 (1–2): 145–160. doi:10.1007/s10914-005-4963-8
Evolution_of_cetaceans
British evolutionary biologist
Andrew Rambaut is a British evolutionary biologist and professor of molecular evolution at the University of Edinburgh. Rambaut earned a Bachelor of Science
Andrew_Rambaut
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
sexual lineage and the relevance of facultative sex". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 48 (6): 779–783. Bibcode:1999JMolE..48..779D. doi:10.1007/PL00013156
Eukaryote
evolution suggested that natural selection was not the ubiquitous cause of evolution, at least at the molecular level, and that molecular evolution might
History_of_biology
1985 book by Michael Denton
argumentation." Molecular equidistance is a term that was first used by Michael Denton in Evolution: A Theory in Crisis to criticise the theory of evolution. The
Evolution:_A_Theory_in_Crisis
Subphylum of chordates
supporting a grouping of vertebrates with the tunicates". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 94 (Pt A): 383–391. Bibcode:2016MolPE..94..383G. doi:10
Vertebrate
evolutionary computation to molecular evolution to sociocultural evolution to stellar and galactic evolution. Evolution in colloquial contexts can refer
Objections_to_evolution
Model of changes in a sequence over evolutionary time
(December 1998). "Estimating the rate of evolution of the rate of molecular evolution". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 15 (12): 1647–1657. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals
Substitution_model
Theory in evolutionary biology
Dawkins' exception to this rule is the non-adaptive evolution observed in molecular evolution. Dawkins, Richard (1996) The Blind Watchmaker, p. 245
Punctuated_equilibrium
American scientist
known for his work in molecular evolution and molecular systematics. Goodman was a distinguished professor at the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics
Morris_Goodman_(scientist)
Scientific study
The E. coli long-term evolution experiment (LTEE) is an ongoing study in experimental evolution begun by Richard Lenski at the University of California
E. coli long-term evolution experiment
E._coli_long-term_evolution_experiment
Origin and diversification of primates through geologic time
Wang; Bing Su (July 2008). "Molecular Evolution of a Primate-Specific microRNA Family". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 25 (7). Oxford, UK: Oxford University
Evolution_of_primates
Chinese biologist
phylogenetic analysis of protein-coding genes to detect molecular adaptation or Darwinian evolution at the molecular level. A stream of papers followed this to extend
Ziheng_Yang
The relatively new techniques of molecular phylogenetics have also shed light on some aspects of mammalian evolution by estimating the timing of important
Evolution_of_mammals
Order of flying mammals
L.; Tsao, H.; Li, W. H. (2004). "Molecular evolution of bat color vision genes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (2): 295–302. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh015
Bat
Extrapolation method to detect common ancestors
"Integrating fossils with molecular phylogenies improves inference of trait evolution". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 66 (12): 3931–3944
Ancestral_reconstruction
Academic journal
biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, development, plant-microbe interaction, genomics, bioinformatics, and molecular evolution. It is published
Molecular_Plant
Norwegian biologist
focused on molecular evolution, using viruses as a model system. For the later part of his career, the focus has been on understanding how evolution has shaped
Bjørn_Grinde
Family of mammals
contradicts the assumption that monotremes are frozen in morphological and molecular evolution. It has been suggested that echidnas originally evolved in New Guinea
Echidna
Phenomenon in biology
recombination cannot disrupt linkage disequilibrium. The neutral theory of molecular evolution assumes that most new mutations are either deleterious (and quickly
Genetic_hitchhiking
Evolutionary biologist
biologist interested in theoretical population genetics and molecular evolution. In molecular evolution, he emphasized the importance of advantageous mutations
John_H._Gillespie
2004 book on evolution by Richard Dawkins & Yan Wong
"History doesn't repeat itself, but it rhymes." The authors argue that "Evolution rhymes, patterns occur. And this doesn't just happen to be so. It is so
The_Ancestor's_Tale
however, it is only appropriate when a molecular clock is present. Neighbor Joining approximates the Minimum Evolution optimum using an efficient algorithm
Minimum_evolution
American scientist (born 1953)
Neamț) is a Romanian-American scientist working in the field of molecular evolution. He is a Moores Professor at the University of Houston and Professor
Dan_Graur
Japanese biologist
Ohta works on population genetics/molecular evolution and is known for developing the nearly neutral theory of evolution. Ohta has received many awards,
Tomoko_Ohta
List of alternatives to Darwinian natural selection
to sweep away all the alternatives to Darwinian evolution, though some have been revived as molecular mechanisms for them have been discovered. Aristotle
Alternatives to Darwinian evolution
Alternatives_to_Darwinian_evolution
Research institution in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
Center, and the Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution]. Visiting scientists are affiliated with the MBL's Whitman
Marine_Biological_Laboratory
Theory that characterizes object complexity
not contain complex molecules. A paper published in the Journal of Molecular Evolution concludes that "the hype around Assembly Theory reflects rather unfavorably
Assembly_theory
Changes to DNA with no overall impact
the neutral theory of molecular evolution, which is an important and often-controversial theory that proposes that most molecular variation within and
Neutral_mutation
Ancestor of all current life on Earth
2019). "The Evolution of Reverse Gyrase Suggests a Nonhyperthermophilic Last Universal Common Ancestor". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 36 (12): 2737–2747
Last universal common ancestor
Last_universal_common_ancestor
Alteration in the nucleotide sequence of a genome
at a steady rate, forming the basis for the molecular clock. In the neutral theory of molecular evolution, neutral mutations provide genetic drift as
Mutation
Similar evolution in distinct species
Parallel evolution is the similar development of a trait in distinct species that are not closely related, but share a similar original trait in response
Parallel_evolution
Japanese biologist (1924–1994)
Japanese biologist best known for introducing the neutral theory of molecular evolution in 1968. He became one of the most influential theoretical population
Motoo_Kimura
Duplication of a gene sequence within a genome
mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution. It can be defined as any duplication of a region of DNA that contains
Gene_duplication
Process which formed the domestic dog
& Evolution. 35 (2): 125–136. Bibcode:2020TEcoE..35..125L. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2019.10.011. PMID 31810775. Wayne, Robert K. (June 1993). "Molecular evolution
Domestication_of_the_dog
understood to be an important source of novelty in evolution, providing for an expanded repertoire of molecular activities. The underlying mutational event of
Evolution_by_gene_duplication
University on the evolution of chloroplast DNA supervised by Winslow Briggs in 1982. Palmer's research investigates molecular evolution, molecular phylogenetics
Jeffrey_D._Palmer
Trait that is characterized by being more harmful than helpful
In evolution, a maladaptation (/ˌmælˌædəpˈteɪʃən/) is a trait that is (or has become) more harmful than helpful, in contrast with an adaptation, which
Maladaptation
Software for statistical analysis of molecular evolution
Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) is computer software for conducting statistical analysis of molecular evolution and for constructing phylogenetic
Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis
Molecular_Evolutionary_Genetics_Analysis
Study of organic evolution using fossils
millions of years old to draw parallel and answer questions about the molecular evolution and the evolutionary history of life. In this scientific quest, macrofossils
Paleobiology
Taiwanese-American scientist
the fields of molecular evolution, population genetics, and genomics. He is currently the James Watson Professor of Ecology and Evolution at the University
Wen-Hsiung_Li
Subfield of evolutionary biology and virology concerned with the evolution of viruses
Viral evolution is a subfield of evolutionary biology and virology concerned with the evolution of viruses. Viruses have short generation times, and many—in
Viral_evolution
Use of laboratory and field experiments to explore evolutionary dynamics
Experimental evolution is the use of laboratory experiments or controlled field manipulations to explore evolutionary dynamics. Evolution may be observed
Experimental_evolution
Scientific study of life
is grounded in the theory of evolution by natural selection, first articulated by Charles Darwin, and in the molecular understanding of genes encoded
Biology
Subfamily of mammals
Yin-qiu; Su, Bing (2004-06-01). "Molecular evolution of microcephalin, a gene determining human brain size". Human Molecular Genetics. 13 (11): 1131–1137
Homininae
In genetics, a stretch of DNA sequences located between genes
(2006-02-01). "The Origins of Eukaryotic Gene Structure". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 23 (2): 450–468. doi:10.1093/molbev/msj050. ISSN 1537-1719
Intergenic_region
Aspect of evolutionary biology
rate of evolution is quantified as the speed of genetic or morphological change in a lineage over a period of time. The speed at which a molecular entity
Rate_of_evolution
Clade of scaled reptiles
Rooney, A. P. (2003). "Molecular Evolution and Phylogeny of Elapid Snake Venom Three-Finger Toxins". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 57 (1): 110–29. Bibcode:2003JMolE
Toxicofera
American evolutionary geneticist
professor emeritus at Yale University. He is known for his research in molecular evolution, population genetics, and the genetics of Drosophila and disease-vector
Jeffrey_R._Powell
Process by which a genome changes in structure or size over time
JH (September 1984). "Molecular Evolution over the Mutational Landscape". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 38 (5): 1116–29. doi:10
Genome_evolution
Two concepts on heritable traits
coalescent. Roderick D.M. Page; Edward C. Holmes (14 July 2009). Molecular Evolution: A Phylogenetic Approach. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-1336-9
Apomorphy_and_synapomorphy
Mathematical models of changing DNA
at which one nucleotide replaces another during evolution. These models are frequently used in molecular phylogenetic analyses. In particular, they are
Models_of_DNA_evolution
Theoretical conditions under which life on the Earth might have begun
of the origin and early evolution of life has undergone a restructuring that accommodates the experimental findings of molecular biology, as well as the
Primordial_soup
Evolutionary theory
chaperones, and more. Since then and as an emerging trend of studies in molecular evolution, CNE has been applied to broader features of biology and evolutionary
Constructive neutral evolution
Constructive_neutral_evolution
Religious rejection of evolution
Recurring cultural, political, and theological rejection of evolution by religious groups exists regarding the origins of the Earth, of humanity, and
Rejection of evolution by religious groups
Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups
Species of slime mould
of the myxomycete Fuligo septica: RNA processing and evolution". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (7): 1283–93. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh126. PMID 15034133
Fuligo_septica
Rules by which information encoded within genetic material is translated into proteins
(June 2015). "Pathways of Genetic Code Evolution in Ancient and Modern Organisms". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 80 (5–6): 229–243. Bibcode:2015JMolE
Genetic_code
Origin and diversification of snake venom through geologic time
Accelerated Evolution and Neofunctionalization of Duplicate Snake Venom Metalloproteinase Toxin Genes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (9): 2637–2649
Evolution_of_snake_venom
Set of theoretical concepts concerning evolutionary biology
developmental biology, which concentrates on developmental molecular genetics and evolution to understand how natural selection operated on developmental
Extended evolutionary synthesis
Extended_evolutionary_synthesis
Genes coding for ribosomal RNA
protein biosynthesis, the rDNA genes are usually highly conserved in molecular evolution. The number of copies can vary considerably per species. Ribosomal
Ribosomal_DNA
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
advances in molecular genetics, creating the field of evolutionary developmental biology ("evo-devo"), which seeks to explain the evolution of form in
Natural_selection
Origin and variation of colour vision across various lineages through geologic time
(2008). "Molecular Evolution of Arthropod Color Vision Deduced from Multiple Opsin Genes of Jumping Spiders". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 66 (2):
Evolution_of_color_vision
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