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Use of molecular biology tools
Molecular breeding is the application of molecular biology tools, often in plant breeding and animal breeding. In the broad sense, molecular breeding
Molecular_breeding
Science of changing the traits of plants
biotechnology or molecular biology is also known as molecular breeding. Sometimes many different genes can influence a desirable trait in plant breeding. The use
Plant_breeding
Artificial selection of Fragaria
growers have employed many breeding techniques, starting with traditional plant breeding and then moving on to molecular breeding and genetic engineering
Breeding_of_strawberries
Species of desert shrub
hectare (3,100 lb/acre) depending on the age of the plantation. Selective breeding is developing plants that produce more beans with higher wax content, as
Jojoba
DNA shuffling, also known as molecular breeding, is an in vitro random recombination method to generate mutant genes for directed evolution and to enable
DNA_shuffling
Molecule which encodes information about its source
Maheswaran, M. (August 2014). "Molecular Markers: History, Features and Applications". Advanced Biotech. "Molecular Breeding and Marker-Assisted Selection"
Molecular_marker
Plant species grown for its oil-rich seed
Clarke et al. in 2016, both of which have since become widely used in molecular breeding. In a demonstration of the importance of epigenetics, Hauben et al
Rapeseed
Species of grain
atlas is available from Shakoor et al., 2014 with 27,577 genes. For molecular breeding (or other purposes) an SNP array has been created by Bekele et al
Sorghum
Branch of animal science
scientific theory of animal breeding incorporates population genetics, quantitative genetics, statistics, and recently molecular genetics and is based on
Animal_breeding
Breeding for desired characteristics
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular
Selective_breeding
Study of genes and heredity in plants
challenges. Current research focuses on multiple fronts, including molecular breeding, gene editing, transformation techniques, and synthetic biology, with
Plant_genetics
Species of plant
costly (both directly and for the equipment), and inflexible. Other molecular breeding tools have produced rice blast resistant cultivars. DNA microarray
Oryza_sativa
Molecular biology technique
genome is of great value to DArT and has large implications in the molecular breeding sector. By comparing crops with phenotypes such as higher yields of
Diversity_arrays_technology
Hybrid wheat/rye crop
conditions.[citation needed] A useful molecular marker known as a simple sequence repeat (SSR) is used in breeding with respect to selection. SSRs are segments
Triticale
Species of nut
(Chapter 11)". In Kole, C. (ed.). Fruits and Nuts. Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants. Vol. 4. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34533-6_11.
Almond
Species of flowering plant with edible seeds
Heather, J. Clarke; Kadambot, H. M. Siddique; et al. (2006). "Chickpea molecular breeding:New tools and concepts" (PDF). Euphytica. 147 (1–2): 81–103. Bibcode:2006Euphy
Chickpea
Species of flowering plant
Zbigniew (2019-03-13). "Genetic and molecular bases of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) sex determination". Molecular Breeding. 39 (3): 50. doi:10.1007/s11032-019-0959-6
Melothria_scabra
Indirect selection process in breeding
relevant to discussions of MAS in plant and animal breeding, but are highly relevant in molecular biology research: Positive selectable markers are selectable
Marker-assisted_selection
American biopharmaceutical company
recombination-based technologies for creating genetic diversity, known as its Molecular Breeding directed evolution platform. These technologies allow the generation
Maxygen
Common name for many species of fish
of Genes Related to Cold Tolerance and Novel Genetic Markers for Molecular Breeding in Taiwan Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) via Transcriptome Analysis".
Tilapia
Indian plant geneticist (born 1962)
and national journals on rice genetics, molecular breeding, and grain quality. Marker Assisted Plant Breeding: Principles and Practices is a book he co-authored
Ashok_K_Singh
Australian scientist and businessman
widely today in molecular biology today called “DNA shuffling" or "Molecular breeding", a form of "Directed evolution". His contributions to malaria research
Russell_J._Howard
Type of vegetable oil
W, Friedt W (2007). "Oilseed Rape". Oilseeds. Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants. Vol. 2. pp. 55–114. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34388-2_2.
Rapeseed_oil
array to a more economical 35k for genomic selection in the program. Molecular breeding has improved greatly in the few years up to 2020[update] and the rapid
Agriculture_in_Florida
Edible fruits from the genus Pyrus
and Nuts". In Kole, Chittaranjan (ed.). Pear. Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants. Vol. 4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 157–170. doi:10
Pear
Protein with taste-modifying activity
Hiwasa-Tanase K, Takane K, Ezura H, Mizoguchi T (September 2010). "Molecular breeding of tomato lines for mass production of miraculin in a plant factory"
Miraculin
Species of plant
Kole, C. (ed.). Pulses, Sugar and Tuber Crops, Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants. Vol. 3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 49–67
Cowpea
Indian agricultural company
on molecular breeding, applied genomics, crop transformation, plant virus interaction, molecular microbiology, abiotic stress tolerance and molecular entomology
Mahyco
Plant cultivated for its edible seeds
"Phytate: Impact on environment and human nutrition. A challenge for molecular breeding". Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B. 9 (3): 165–191. doi:10
Sesame
Species of flowering plant
"Carrot". In Cole, Chittaranjan (ed.). Vegetables. Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants. Vol. 5. New York, New York: Springer. pp. 162–184. ISBN 978-3-540-34535-0
Daucus_carota
Type of rice
borers in an aromatic rice containing a synthetic cryIA(b) gene". Molecular Breeding. 3 (5): 401–414. doi:10.1023/A:1009695324100. S2CID 34294922. Aromatic
Aromatic_rice
Compound that affects the absorption of nutrients
"Phytate: impact on environment and human nutrition. A challenge for molecular breeding". Journal of Zhejiang University Science B. 9 (3): 165–91. doi:10
Antinutrient
"Practice of breeding plants against drought-induced impacts"
Breeding for drought resistance is the process of breeding plants with the goal of reducing the impact of dehydration on plant growth. In nature or crop
Breeding for drought stress tolerance
Breeding_for_drought_stress_tolerance
Root vegetable
"Carrot". In Cole, Chittaranjan (ed.). Vegetables. Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants. Vol. 5. New York, NY: Springer. pp. 162–184. ISBN 978-3-540-34535-0
Carrot
Techniques to change plant traits
science of genetics. Modern plant breeding is applied genetics, but its scientific basis is broader, covering molecular biology, cytology, systematics,
History_of_plant_breeding
Plant breeding is process of development of new cultivars. Plant breeding involves development of varieties for different environmental conditions – some
Breeding for heat stress tolerance
Breeding_for_heat_stress_tolerance
Sorrells, Mark E. (2017). Genomic Selection for Crop Improvement : New Molecular Breeding Strategies for Crop Improvement (1 ed.). Cham, Switzerland: Springer
Genomic_selection
Species of plant
Chittaranjan (ed.), Pulses, Sugar and Tuber Crops, Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants, vol. 3, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 69–90, doi:10
Mung_bean
Indian agricultural scientist (born 1973)
Indian-Australian agricultural scientist specialising in genomics, genetics, and molecular breeding. As of 2022, he serves as Director of the Western Australian State
Rajeev_Kumar_Varshney
Belgium-based biotechnology company
multinational agricultural biotechnology company. It uses biotechnology and molecular breeding technologies to develop varieties of food crops. Its technology is
DevGen
American biologist and anti-vaccine activist
endoglucanase using potato:expression optimization and tissue targeting”, Molecular Breeding, 2000, 6(3):277-285. Gao J, BS Hooker, and DB Anderson. 2004. “Expression
Brian_Hooker_(bioengineer)
German plant geneticist
1956, Northeim, Lower Saxony), is a plant geneticist and molecular biologist in the Plant Breeding Institute of Kiel University. After internships in agricultural
Christian_Jung_(geneticist)
1038/436791a. PMID 16094358. S2CID 4312804. "基于花青素苷合成和呈色机理的观赏植物花色改良分子育种" [Molecular Breeding for Flower Colors Modification on Ornamental Plants Based on the Mechanism
Blue_flower_colouration
Indian agricultural scientist (born 1958)
is known for his research in the area of plant genomics, genetics, molecular breeding and biotechnology, particularly for his contribution in the decoding
Nagendra_Kumar_Singh
Apple cultivar
and their parentages Archived 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine. Molecular Breeding 28 (4): 535–547. doi:10.1007/s11032-010-9502-5 10 Howard, N. P., Micheletti
Cox's_Orange_Pippin
Senegalese plant molecular biologist
Khady Nani Dramé (born 1979) is a molecular biologist specialising in plant stress physiology and molecular breeding of rice and peanut who now leads translational
Khady_Nani_Dramé
Manipulation of an organism's genome
August 2015). Current Technologies in Plant Molecular Breeding: A Guide Book of Plant Molecular Breeding for Researchers. Springer. p. 242. ISBN 978-94-017-9996-6
Genetic_engineering
Species of cultivated grass
) R. Br., using a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach" (PDF). Molecular Breeding. 35 (1). doi:10.1007/s11032-015-0212-x. ISSN 1380-3743. National Key
Pearl_millet
Group of cereal grain proteins
Molecular Weight (LMW) Glutenin Composition of Transgenic Durum Wheat: Effects on Glutenin Polymer Size and Gluten Functionality". Molecular Breeding
Gluten
Sauvignons. This et al., 2004 produces a set of standard references for molecular breeding of varieties used here. This develops a standard of microsatellites
Grape cultivation in California
Grape_cultivation_in_California
Variant of polymerase chain reaction
overview of the technology and its application in crop improvement". Molecular Breeding. 33 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1007/s11032-013-9917-x. S2CID 14272035. "How
Kompetitive allele specific PCR
Kompetitive_allele_specific_PCR
Species of fungus
Reed E. Barker (2006). Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium, Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf, Dallas
Penicillium_paxilli
retrieved 2021-07-15 Martínez-Gómez, Pedro (2019). Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding. MDPI. p. 442. ISBN 978-3-03921-175-3. Torices, Rubén; Méndez, Marcos;
Gynomonoecy
Type of non-Basmati aromatic rice from Kashmir, India
Iftekharuddaula, Khandakar Md; Kumar, Arvind; Henry, Robert (6 April 2021). Molecular Breeding for Rice Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Nutritional Quality. John Wiley
Mushqbudji_rice
Convergence of biology with other fields
climates. Applications include: Molecular breeding: Using molecular or genetic markers to accelerate and refine the breeding of plants and animals compared
Bioconvergence
Potato that has had its genes modified using genetic engineering
resistance to the tomato moth, Lacanobia oleracea: growth room trials". Molecular Breeding. 3 (1). Springer Science+Business: 49–63. doi:10.1023/a:1009600321838
Genetically_modified_potato
Dutch scientist and entrepreneur (1957–2013)
other prominent inventions include DNA shuffling, now referred to as molecular breeding. He holds more than 97 patents. Stemmer was honored with the Charles
Willem_P._C._Stemmer
Research Institute in India
domains of plant biology, including: Structural and functional genomics Molecular breeding and crop improvement Plant-microbe interactions Stress biology and
National Institute of Plant Genome Research
National_Institute_of_Plant_Genome_Research
Online patent and academic database
Complexity in Today's Agricultural Technology World" (PDF). Plant Molecular Breeding. 5 (2): 294–295. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-11-21. Retrieved
The_Lens
Indian agriculture scientist
pathologist. He is known for his research on diversity of rice pathogens, molecular breeding of indica rices for disease resistance and for developing superior
Samuel_Gnanamanickam
regulatory principles and molecular mechanisms underlying selected traits. The longer-term aim is to translate these discoveries to breeding programmes through
Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research
Max_Planck_Institute_for_Plant_Breeding_Research
Methods used to change the DNA of organisms
(2015-08-26). Current Technologies in Plant Molecular Breeding: A Guide Book of Plant Molecular Breeding for Researchers. Springer. p. 242. ISBN 9789401799966
Genetic engineering techniques
Genetic_engineering_techniques
International scientific research project (1990–2003)
(2011). "Domestication Evolution, Genetics And Genomics In Wheat". Molecular Breeding. 28 (3): 281–301. Bibcode:2011MBree..28..281P. doi:10.1007/s11032-011-9608-4
Human_Genome_Project
Danish pharmaceutical company
of its biopharmaceutical business, and contributing to Maxygen´s molecular breeding technology. With NeuroSearch, Genmab and Zealand Pharma, Profound
Profound_Pharma
British plant biologist
has focused on leafy green crops and bioenergy. She has researched molecular breeding for lettuce and watercress, improving shelf life of lettuce with physiology
Gail_Taylor
Social system
Cooperative breeding is a social system characterized by alloparental care: offspring receive care not only from their parents, but also from additional
Cooperative_breeding
Distinct, selectively bred animal species
cultivars of an animal species achieved through the process of selective breeding. When the lineage of a purebred animal is recorded, that animal is said
Purebred
Wang, Yonghong; Xue, Yongbiao; Li, Jiayang (December 2005). "Towards molecular breeding and improvement of rice in China". Trends in Plant Science. 10 (12):
Rice_production_in_China
Species of flowering plant known as snowdrop
resistance to the tomato moth, Lacanobia oleracea: growth room trials". Molecular Breeding. 3 (1). Springer Science+Business: 49–63. doi:10.1023/a:1009600321838
Galanthus_nivalis
Newton-le-Willows in the United Kingdom was the Originator of Scientific Farm Plant Breeding. He is credited as the first scientist to show that the common grain crops
Gartons_Limited
Variety of grape
aestivalis-derived "Norton" and its use in comparing Norton and Cynthiana". Molecular Breeding. 37 (5): 64. Bibcode:2017MBree..37...64H. doi:10.1007/s11032-017-0644-6
Norton_(grape)
Intentional breeding of wild organisms by humans
Captive breeding, also known as captive propagation, is a conservation strategy aimed at preserving endangered or threatened species by breeding them in
Captive_breeding
American protein engineering company
public in April 2010 on NASDAQ, and in October, acquired Maxygen's MolecularBreeding technology portfolio. Codexis won the Presidential Green Chemistry
Codexis
Enzyme that hydrolyses α bonds of large α-linked polysaccharides
resistance to the tomato moth, Lacanobia oleracea: growth room trials". Molecular Breeding. 3 (1). Springer Science+Business: 49–63. Bibcode:1997MBree...3..
Α-Amylase
Warm-blooded animals with wings and feathers
monogamous, usually for one breeding season at a time, sometimes for years, and rarely for life. Other species have breeding systems that are polygynous
Bird
Rice grown in dry fields
Mapping QTL associated with drought avoidance in upland rice. (2000). Molecular Breeding, 2000, 6, pp. 55–66. Boonjung H and Fukai S, Effects of soil water
Upland_rice
Canid native to the southeastern United States
non-breeding packs composed of unrelated individuals. The union of two unrelated individuals in a new home range is the predominant pattern of breeding pair
Red_wolf
Biological analysis approach
web resource for integration of soybean translational genomics and molecular breeding". Nucleic Acids Research. 42 (D1): D1245–D1252. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt905
Multiomics
Group of chemical compounds
J (September 2015). "Omega-3 eicosatetraenoic acid production by molecular breeding of the mutant strain S14 derived from Mortierella alpina 1S-4". Journal
Eicosatetraenoic_acid
Pakistani American plant geneticist
Patocchi A. 2006. QTL mapping of fire blight resistance in apple. Molecular Breeding, 17, 299-306. Source: Cornell University staff page Forbes article
Awais_Khan_(plant_geneticist)
Academic journal
Human Molecular Genetics is a semimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press. It covers all topics related to human
Human_Molecular_Genetics
South Korean biochemist (born 1964)
company based on CRISPR technology focusing on human therapies, and molecular breeding in plants and animals. In 2005, the company was among the Top 10 Biotech
Kim_Jin-soo_(biologist)
Total set of environmental factors affecting an organism
used for training accurate GxE prediction models, mostly involving molecular breeding protocols in agriculture and forestry improvement. Phenotypic plasticity
Envirome
American chemist and academic (born 1956)
PMID 26970325. Schmidt-Dannert, C.; Umeno, D.; Arnold, F. H. (July 1, 2000). "Molecular breeding of carotenoid biosynthetic pathways". Nature Biotechnology. 18 (7):
Frances_Arnold
Species of flowering plant
be reported for T. mongolicum, providing a valuable resource for molecular breeding and phylogenetic research within the genus Taraxacum. Comparative
Taraxacum_mongolicum
Distribution of male and female functions across a species
ISBN 978-0-19-860891-2. Martínez-Gómez P (2019-07-11). Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding. MDPI. p. 442. ISBN 978-3-03921-175-3. Lüttge, Ulrich; Cánovas, Francisco
Sexual_system
Apple cultivar
and their parentages Archived 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine. Molecular Breeding 28 (4): 535–547. doi:10.1007/s11032-010-9502-5 Pinova. National Fruit
Pinova
Indian biotechnologist and politician (born 1962)
their doctoral and master's studies and has imparted training on molecular breeding to over 25 scientists. As the head of the Indian Council of Agricultural
Trilochan_Mohapatra
Genetically modified tree
overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana endo-1,4–β-glucanase (cel1)". Molecular Breeding. 14 (3): 321–330. Bibcode:2004MBree..14..321S. doi:10.1023/B:MOLB
Genetically modified eucalyptus
Genetically_modified_eucalyptus
identified 4 new genes: SCD, PGK2, FUT1, SPAM1, and developed 4 new molecular breeding technologies. 校长、党委副书记——黄路生. 江西农业大学. 中国科学院学部与院士·院士信息·生命科学和医学学部·黄路生
Huang_Lusheng
Fungal disease of wheat
sorokiniana in wheat (T. aestivum L.) lines 'Ning 8201' and 'Chirya 3'. Molecular Breeding Online first Kumar U, A. K. Joshi, S. Kumar, R. Chand and M. S. Röder
Spot_blotch_(wheat)
Genus of Auk
are brightly colored during the breeding season. They shed the colorful outer parts of their bills after the breeding season, leaving a smaller and duller
Puffin
Ability of plants to withstand pathogens
NLR genes simultaneously, a breeding strategy known as stacking. Cultivars generated by either DNA-assisted molecular breeding or gene transfer will likely
Plant_disease_resistance
Species of flowering plant
(2007). "Cassava". Pulses, Sugar and Tuber Crops. Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants. Vol. 3. Springer. p. 263. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34516-9_14
Manihot_walkerae
Biofuels (SGB) is a fully integrated bioenergy crop company using molecular breeding and biotechnology to develop and produce elite hybrid seeds of Jatropha
SG_Biofuels
gene into locally adapted varieties favored by farmers using modern molecular breeding Global award 2012 Sustainable Energy Simpa Networks Simple, affordable
The_Tech_Awards
Maize laboratory technique
Arabidopsis thaliana. Family based QTL mapping Marker assisted selection Molecular breeding QTL mapping Yu, J., Holland, J.B., McMullen, M.D., Buckler, E.S. (2008)
Nested_association_mapping
American biologist
programme, which is where she first experienced DNA sequencing and molecular breeding. In 2009 Samuel-Foo joined the faculty at the University of Florida
Michelle_Samuel-Foo
Group of drugs used against malaria
Centre for Novel Agricultural Products at the University of York using molecular breeding techniques. Using seed supplied by Action for Natural Medicine (ANAMED)
Artemisinin
Category of genetically engineered plant
hdl:2160/44564. Park T-H; Vleeshouwers VGAA; Jacobsen E; et al. (2009). "Molecular breeding for resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in potato
Cisgenesis
MOLECULAR BREEDING
MOLECULAR BREEDING
Surname or Lastname
North German and Dutch
North German and Dutch : topographic name from Middle Low German hage(n), Middle Dutch haghe ‘enclosure’, ‘hedge’.German, Dutch, and Danish : from a Germanic personal name, a short form of the various compound names formed with hag ‘enclosure’, ‘protected place’ as the first element.German : nickname from Middle High German hagen ‘breeding bull’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : of uncertain origin; perhaps the same as 1.English : from an Old Scandinavian or continental Germanic personal name Hǫgni ‘protector’, ‘patron’ (Old Norse), Haghni (Old Danish), Hagano (Old Germanic).Norwegian : habitational name from any of numerous farmsteads so named, from the definite singular form of hage, from Old Norse hagi ‘enclosure’.Swedish : ornamental or topographic name from the definite singular form of hage ‘enclosed pasture’.
Surname or Lastname
English (Northumbria)
English (Northumbria) : occupational name for a breeder or keeper of horses, from Old English stÅd ‘stud’ or stott ‘inferior kind of horse’ + hierde ‘herdsman’, ‘keeper’. There is a difficulty in deriving this name from Old English stÅd in that stud is not recorded in the sense ‘collection of horses bred by one person’ until the 17th century; before that it denoted a place where horses were kept for breeding, but that sense does not combine naturally with ‘herdsman’.The Stoddard family of Boston, MA, was introduced by Anthony Stoddard (1600–1686), who settled there in 1639. Solomon Stoddard (1643–1728/9) was a prominent Congregational clergyman in MA, the grandfather of Jonathan Edwards, and progenitor of many noted descendants.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Increase; Growth; Breeding
Boy/Male
Finnish, Indian, Sanskrit
Molecule; Particle; Earth; Born of Dust
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish (of Norman origin)
English and Irish (of Norman origin) : habitational name from La Varrenne in Seine-Maritime, France, named with a Gaulish element probably descriptive of alluvial land or sandy soil.English : topographic name for someone who lived by a game park, or an occupational name for someone employed in one, from Anglo-Norman French warrene or Middle English wareine ‘warren’, ‘piece of land for breeding game’.Irish : adopted as an Englsih form of Gaelic Ó Murnáin (see Murnane, Warner).The surname Warren was brought to North America from England independently by many different bearers in the 17th and 18th centuries. Richard Warren, a London merchant, was one of the Pilgrims on the Mayflower. John Warren came to Salem, MA, in 1630 on the Arbella, and was the founder of an influential 18th-century Boston family. Arthur Warren emigrated to Weymouth, MA, before 1638.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English
Coal Town; Town of Colt-breeding; Dark Settlement
Girl/Female
African, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Kenyan, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Small; Atom; Black; Molecule; Seed
Boy/Male
Muslim
Good breeding
Boy/Male
Arabic, Farsi, Iranian, Muslim, Parsi
Good-breeding
Girl/Female
Arabic
Good Breeding; Decorum; Culture
MOLECULAR BREEDING
MOLECULAR BREEDING
Male
Norse
In mythology, this is the name of a wolf, the son of Loki and the giantess Angrboða, popularly translated "swamp wolf," but probably originally FENRISÚLFR means "wolf of hell." According to Sophus Bugge, author of The Home of The Eddic Poems, this name cannot possibly mean "swamp wolf," for there does not exist in Old Norse any derivative endings as -rir, or -ris. He believes Fenrir and Fenris arose under the influence of Christian conceptions of the devil as lupus infernus, combined with tales of the Behemoth and the beast of the Apocalypse, and was altered in form in accordance with popular Old Norse etymology. He compares Old Norse fern from Latin infernus to Old Saxon fern which was derived from Latin infernum, and explains that Fenrir and Fenris must have been formed from *Fernir from fern using the endings -ir and gen. -is, both of which were very much used in mythical names, including names of giants. He goes on to explain that the later connection with fen ("fen, swamp, mire") was natural, for hell and lower regions, such as the abyss, are often connected by imagination just as they still are today.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Roar
Girl/Female
English American
From Denmark. Also a.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Sea Monster
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Immigrant
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Courageous; Brave; Bold
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
The Third Eye of Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Parting Line of Hair
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Gift of God
Girl/Female
German
Protector.
MOLECULAR BREEDING
MOLECULAR BREEDING
MOLECULAR BREEDING
MOLECULAR BREEDING
MOLECULAR BREEDING
n.
The molecular attraction exerted between bodies in contact. See Cohesion.
a.
Between molecules; situated, or acting, between the molecules of bodies.
a.
Adapted to be used with only one eye at a time; as, a monocular microscope.
n.
A minute particle; an atom; a molecule.
n.
The state of consisting of molecules; the state or quality of being molecular.
n. pl.
Microscopic organic particles, molecular granules, powdered inorganic substances, etc., which in form, size, and grouping resemble bacteria.
n.
A palmitate derived from three molecules of palmitic acid.
n.
An imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action; as, the absorption of light, heat, electricity, etc.
a.
Having six atoms in the molecule.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or seated in, one eye; monocular.
n.
A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state; as, a molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen. Cf. Atom.
n.
One of the small particles or organic molecules of protoplasm.
adv.
With molecules; in the manner of molecules.
n.
Butane, each molecule of which has four carbon atoms.
a.
Pertaining to, connected with, produced by, or consisting of, molecules; as, molecular forces; molecular groups of atoms, etc.
a.
Having five atoms in the molecule.
n.
One of the very small invisible particles of which all matter is supposed to consist.
a.
Monocular.
a.
Having only one eye; with one eye only; as, monocular vision.
n.
The smallest part of any substance which possesses the characteristic properties and qualities of that substance, and which can exist alone in a free state.