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British Army command defending the Middle East
Middle East Command, later Middle East Land Forces, was a British Army Command established prior to the Second World War in Egypt. Its primary role was
Middle_East_Command
Former command of the Royal Air Force
Middle East Command was a command of the Royal Air Force (RAF) that was active during the Second World War. It had been preceded by RAF Middle East, which
RAF_Middle_East_Command
British Forces stationed in the Aden Protectorate
was renamed Near East Command. On 1 March 1961 British Forces Arabian Peninsula was renamed, again, this time as Middle East Command (Aden). The senior
British_Forces_Aden
Transcontinental geopolitical region
between the Near East and the Far East—which now broadly corresponds with South Asia. In the late 1930s, the Cairo-based Middle East Command was established
Middle_East
Royal Air Force officer (1890-1967)
Turkey, Great Britain and the Far East. During World War II, as Air Officer Commanding of the RAF Middle East Command, Tedder directed RAF air operations
Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder
Arthur_Tedder,_1st_Baron_Tedder
Major theatre of operations during the Second World War
Mediterranean and Middle East theatre, also known as the Mediterranean Theater of War, and described as Mediterranean, South-East Europe, and North Africa
Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II
Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II
British field marshal (1881–1964)
and Palestine in October 1941, GOC Persia and Iraq Command in August 1942 and GOC Middle East Command in February 1943. He was Supreme Allied Commander
Henry_Maitland_Wilson
Military unit
Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate (also known as the Camouflage Unit or Camouflage Branch) organised major deception operations for Middle East
Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate
Middle_East_Command_Camouflage_Directorate
British Army formation active in Egypt during World War II
by HQ Cyrenaica Command (Cyrcom) a static command, reflecting the Allied defensive posture in the Western Desert as Middle East Command conentrated on
Western_Desert_Force
WW2 British Army organization
rebellion in Iraq the command of land forces in the country was passed from the Commander-in-Chief, India (GHQ India) to Middle East Command, as the latter was
Persia_and_Iraq_Command
British Royal Air Force officer (1885-1970)
rank in the Royal Air Force. He was Commander-in-Chief of the RAF's Middle East Command from 1940 to 1941. Born in Manly, New South Wales, the son of English
Arthur_Longmore
Military unit
to operate behind enemy lines. Whilst lobbying for support within Middle East Command it came to Clarke's attention, who offered his backing provided the
1st_SAS_Brigade
Military unit
the Army Council and thereafter it became the responsibility of Middle East Command. It was disbanded on 11 December 1963, the day before Kenya became
East_Africa_Command
World War II army in North Africa and Italy
Wilson for command of the army but the final decision was left in the hands of General Sir Claude Auchinleck the GOC Middle East Command who oversaw
Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)
in Command of RAF Middle East Command. After the war Medhurst was made Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, RAF Mediterranean and Middle East Command (which
Charles_Medhurst
Allied WWII military deception planning group
June 1940, Italy declared war on the Allied nations. The British Middle East Command, based in Egypt under General Archibald Wavell, fought a defensive
Advanced Headquarters 'A' Force
Advanced_Headquarters_'A'_Force
British Army general (1887–1961)
World War, when he commanded the 21st Army Group from June to December 1943 and was Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) Middle East Command from January 1944 to
Bernard_Paget
British Second World War intelligence officer
return to Cairo. During Clarke's absence, deception hierarchy in Middle East Command had become muddled. Colonel Ralph Bagnold had taken over deception
Dudley_Clarke
World War II campaign against Italy from 1940 to 1941
against Italy and its colony of Italian East Africa, between June 1940 and November 1941. The British Middle East Command with troops from the United Kingdom
East African campaign (World War II)
East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)
British Marshal of the Royal Air Force (1893–1969)
Luftwaffe. Douglas went on to be Air Officer Commanding in Chief of RAF Middle East Command in which role he was an advocate of Operation Accolade, a planned
Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside
Sholto_Douglas,_1st_Baron_Douglas_of_Kirtleside
New Zealand soldier, aviator and former Royal Air Force Air Chief Marshal (1892–1975)
for the NZEF, destined for the Middle East. On arrival, he was posted to the 4th Howitzer Battery, under the command of Major Norrie Falla. In early
Keith_Park
Former Pakistan Air Force Chief
Forces–Middle East Command, and seconded to command the United Arab Emirates Air Force until 1980. During this time, AVM Jamal took over the command of the
Jamal_A._Khan
British field marshal (1883–1950)
experience for Middle East Command. Eden, whose judgement Churchill respected, lobbied the prime minister hard to keep Wavell as the GOC Middle East, and for
Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell
Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell
World War II deception operation
deceptions using dummies and camouflage, designed and made by the British Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate led by Geoffrey Barkas. These were accompanied
Operation_Bertram
was active from 1961 to as late as 1977. In 1959 Middle East Command was divided into two commands split by the Suez Canal. The two parts were British
Near_East_Command
British stage magician (1902–1973)
Fisher 1983 Newark 2007, p. 96 Newark 2007, p. 101 Mure 1980, p. 95 Middle East Camouflage Report No. 1. War Office. 28 February 1942. Forbes 2009, p
Jasper_Maskelyne
British field marshal (1884–1981)
commander-in-chief of the Middle East Theatre, but after initial successes, the war in North Africa turned against the British-led forces under his command and he was
Claude_Auchinleck
1940–1941 military unit active in East Africa
Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) of the new Middle East Command, over the Mediterranean and Middle East. Until the Franco–German Armistice of 22 June
Gideon_Force
US Air Force numbered air force
British Middle East Command at risk. The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) had already planned for a buildup of American air power in the Middle East in
Ninth_Air_Force
Service component command of the United States Navy
Admiral Henry H. Mauz, Jr. ("Hank" Mauz), would be despatched to command in the Middle East and, tentatively, the Commander, U.S. Third Fleet staff would
United States Naval Forces Central Command
United_States_Naval_Forces_Central_Command
British Army general (1910–2007)
World War. He was later Commander-in-Chief of the three-service Middle East Command from 1963 to 1965, based at Aden. He ended his military career as
Charles Harington (British Army officer, born 1910)
Charles_Harington_(British_Army_officer,_born_1910)
British Army general (1896–1969)
France and Belgium. After the war, he commanded the Fourteenth Army in the Far East, and the Middle East Command during the Greek Civil War and the Palestine
Miles_Dempsey
Military unit
initially part of Middle East Command but became part of Persia and Iraq Command when it was established in September 1942. Tenth Army commanded by Lieutenant-General
Tenth_Army_(United_Kingdom)
Czechoslovak infantry battalion in the Second World War
Second World War. It served under the British Middle East Command in the Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre. Several thousand Czechoslovak soldiers
Czechoslovak 11th Infantry Battalion
Czechoslovak_11th_Infantry_Battalion
Military unit
Middle East Command and served in Sicily and Italy. No. 3232 Servicing Commando was formed in April 1942 from men serving in RAF Middle East Command and
Royal_Air_Force_Commandos
List of Middle Eastern conflicts since 1914
ensuing in the geographic and political region known as the Middle East. The "Middle East" is traditionally defined as the Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia)
List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East
British protectorate in Arabia, 1872–1963
and was known later as British Forces Arabian Peninsula and then Middle East Command (Aden). The boundaries between the polities and even their number
Aden_Protectorate
command of Lt. General Lewis H. Brereton, and units of the British Royal Air Force (RAF). Also supporting the NAAF were the RAF Middle East Command,
Operation Husky order of battle
Operation_Husky_order_of_battle
WW2 Allied deception operation
later operations. In 1942, the British forces in the Mediterranean and Middle East were very weak. To deter the Axis from attacking, a deception operation
Operation_Cascade
Yugoslav communist politician and military leader
to become the first representative of Communist Yugoslavia to the Middle East Command. In 1944, Ribar was awarded the title of People's Hero of Yugoslavia
Ivo_Lola_Ribar
Part of World War II in 1943
sub-command of RAF Middle East Command under Air Chief Marshal Sir Sholto Douglas. Middle East Command, like NAAF and Air H.Q. Malta were sub-commands of
Allied_invasion_of_Sicily
Highest rank in the Royal Air Force (RAF)
Douglas was Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Fighter Command, Middle East Command and Coastal Command. Prior to the creation of the RAF's officer rank titles
Marshal of the Royal Air Force
Marshal_of_the_Royal_Air_Force
World War I and WWII camouflage specialists
In the Second World War, the British camouflage officers of the Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate, led by Geoffrey Barkas in the Western Desert
List_of_camoufleurs
Allied tactical air unit during World War II
Allied tactical air force created from No. 204 Group RAF under RAF Middle East Command in North Africa in 1941 to provide close air support to the British
Desert_Air_Force
British Army officer (b.1903)
Hussars were still based) he was posted as a staff officer at GHQ Middle East Command. Whilst in Cairo, disheartened by his situation, Wild ran into Dudley
Noel_Wild
British Army general (1900–1979)
of the General Staff at Middle East Command, recommended him for the position of Director of Military Intelligence, Middle East. In this role he was successful
Freddie_de_Guingand
1942 battle during the Western Desert Campaign of World War II
relieved in December. Claude Auchinleck, the commander-in-chief Middle East Command, had decided not to defend Tobruk for a second time, due to the cost
Axis_capture_of_Tobruk
United States Army command during World War II
United States Army Forces in the Middle East (USAFIME) was a unified United States Army command during World War II established in August 1942 by order
United States Army Forces in the Middle East
United_States_Army_Forces_in_the_Middle_East
Senior Royal Air Force officer (1886–1963)
staff positions through the 1920s and was Air Officer Commanding the Middle East Command in the early 1930s before becoming Air Member for Supply and Organisation
Cyril Newall, 1st Baron Newall
Cyril_Newall,_1st_Baron_Newall
1941 battle in Africa
forces—commanded by Lieutenant-General William Platt and under the command of General Archibald Wavell (Commander-in-Chief British Middle East Command)—had
Battle_of_Keren
Scottish World War II officer, and founder of the Special Air Service
entered Middle East headquarters in Cairo (under, through, or over a fence) in an effort to see Commander-in-Chief, Middle East Command General Sir Claude
David_Stirling
2026, the United States carried out its largest military buildup in the Middle East since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, deploying air, naval, and missile defense
2026 United States military buildup in the Middle East
2026_United_States_military_buildup_in_the_Middle_East
British filmmaker and camoufleur (1896–1979)
between the World War I and World War II. Barkas led the British Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate in the Second World War. His largest "film
Geoffrey_Barkas
Military unit
before World War II. During the war it served in Home Defence and in Middle East Command. It continued to serve in the postwar TA until 1955. During the period
74th (City of Glasgow) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
74th_(City_of_Glasgow)_Heavy_Anti-Aircraft_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery
Pakistan Army general (born 1941)
Karamat was appointed officer commanding of the Pakistan Armed Forces–Middle East Command, consisting of the joint armed branches in the Saudi Arabia. Initially
Jehangir_Karamat
Activities and objectives of the United States in the Middle East
The foreign policy of the United States in the Middle East, a geopolitical region including parts of Africa and Asia, has among its primary considerations
United States foreign policy in the Middle East
United_States_foreign_policy_in_the_Middle_East
World War II deception plan during the build-up to the 1944 Normandy landings
German intelligence had stopped sending new infiltrators. Within the German command structure, internal politics, suspicion and mismanagement meant intelligence
Operation_Bodyguard
Political and military leaders of the Allied nations during World War II
Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell at the start of the war was in charge of the Middle East Command. The Italian forces in North Africa greatly outnumbered the Allies
Allied leaders of World War II
Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II
Former Royal Navy shore base at Steamer Point (now Tawahi) on the Arabian Peninsula
crisis Flag Officer, Middle East moved his headquarters to Steamer Point in Aden. The renamed British Forces Aden, now Middle East Command, also included the
HMS_Sheba
WWII military deception operation
a broad strategic military deception intended to confuse the Axis high command as to Allied intentions during the lead-up to the Normandy landings. The
Operation_Titanic
Former Royal Air Force operations group
1939 from General Reconnaissance Group, Middle East of the Royal Air Force (RAF). The group was initially commanded by Group Captain H.W.G. Penderel. On
No._201_Group_RAF
1940 World War II campaign in East Africa
Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) of the new Middle East Command, with responsibility for the Mediterranean and Middle East. Until the Franco-Italian Armistice
Italian invasion of British Somaliland
Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland
WWII deception operation
subplans, North and South, and had the aim of misleading the German High Command as to the location of the invasion. Fortitude had evolved from plans submitted
Operation_Fortitude
Fictitious WWII Allied military unit
United States Army Group (often abbreviated FUSAG) was a fictitious (paper command) Allied Army Group in World War II prior to D-Day, part of Operation Quicksilver
First United States Army Group
First_United_States_Army_Group
Auchinleck replaces Wavell as C-in-C Middle East Command 15 August: German Panzer Group Afrika activated with Rommel in Command 18 September: German air raid
Timeline of the North African campaign
Timeline_of_the_North_African_campaign
Battle of World War II
Claude Auchinleck—Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) Middle East Command—relieved Ritchie and assumed direct command of the Eighth Army himself. He decided not
First_Battle_of_El_Alamein
British field marshal; Governor General of Canada (1891–1969)
including serving as Commander-in-Chief Middle East and commanding the 18th Army Group in Tunisia. He then commanded the 15th Army Group for the capture of
Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis
Harold_Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Tunis
units of light transport/liaison aircraft, very frequently supporting a command headquarters. To allow rapid transport of air officers, staff and other
List of Royal Air Force Communication units
List_of_Royal_Air_Force_Communication_units
Military unit
during August 1944 where, during September 1944 it was transferred to the command of US XXXVII Corps. The division was disposed of by announcing that it
25th Armored Division (United States)
25th_Armored_Division_(United_States)
British Army general
of Gurkhas in 1958 and General Officer Commanding Land Forces at Middle East Command in 1961. His last appointment was as Gurkha Liaison Officer at the
Jim Robertson (British Army officer)
Jim_Robertson_(British_Army_officer)
Special Air Service commando (1911–1983)
they did not succeed. Following this, he worked at the Cairo GHQ of Middle East Command as the personal assistant to Lieutenant General Arthur Smith. Despite
Bill Stirling (British Army officer)
Bill_Stirling_(British_Army_officer)
Middle East Command controlled all the forces based in: Sudan, Aden, Somaliland, Palestine, Transjordan, and Egypt. Headquarters, Middle East Command
Structure of the British Army in 1939
Structure_of_the_British_Army_in_1939
The Middle East, or the Near East, was one of the cradles of civilization: after the Neolithic Revolution and the adoption of agriculture, many of the
History_of_the_Middle_East
Headquarters of the [British] Indian Army
1939, operational control of troops in Iraq passed in early 1940 to Middle East Command although the provision of troops and their maintenance remained for
GHQ_India
Military unit
reorganization of the command structure of Allied air forces in the Mediterranean Theatre. The other components of MAC were Middle East Command (MEC), AHQ Malta
Northwest_African_Air_Forces
Army title in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries
general officer heading a particularly large or important command, such as Middle East Command or the Allied Armies in Italy, may be called a general officer
General_officer_commanding
Australian army general (1884–1951)
World War, Blamey commanded the Second Australian Imperial Force and the I Corps in the Middle East. In the latter role, he commanded Australian and Commonwealth
Thomas_Blamey
Former command of the Royal Air Force
the Eastern Mediterranean (the Near East). The Command was originally formed as RAF Mediterranean and Middle East (MEDME) on 10 December 1943 to control
Near East Air Force (Royal Air Force)
Near_East_Air_Force_(Royal_Air_Force)
Corps of the British Army during the Second World War
Churchill, dismissed Claude Auchinleck as commander-in-chief of Middle East Command and General Officer Commanding (GOC), Eighth Army. Auchinleck was
XXX_Corps_(United_Kingdom)
British Army general (1893–1974)
Gazala. He transferred to Cairo as Deputy Chief of General Staff, GHQ Middle East Command 1942 and was sent to India a few months later to raise 43rd Indian
Frank_Messervy
and 13 January 1942 by the Chiefs of Staff and representatives of Middle East Command (General Sir Claude Auchinleck). The Chief of the Imperial General
Operation_Acrobat
Military confrontation between UK and France in Syria in May 1945
British even though Paget was his superior officer and Commander of Middle East Command. Paget then advanced towards Damascus. Oliva-Roget realised he was
Levant_Crisis
District of Cairo in Egypt
English Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate was present in Helwan.Geoffrey Barkas designed the Operation Bertram while heading Middle East Command Camouflage
Helwan
1941 campaign during World War II
to Iraq. In August, the division was placed under the control of Middle East Command and diverted to the Sudan. Since then, GHQ India had been investigating
Anglo-Iraqi_War
1944 military operations
surrounding the invasion. Small boats, along with aircraft from RAF Bomber Command, simulated invasion fleets approaching Cap d'Antifer, Pas-de-Calais and
D-Day_naval_deceptions
Air Force Service Command which Dunton had overseen since 30 September 1942, and similar units from the British RAF Middle East Command. In June 1943, prior
Northwest African Air Service Command
Northwest_African_Air_Service_Command
Australian army officer (born 1970)
for all Australian operations in the Middle East, from January to November 2020. She was the first woman to command the task force, which had oversight
Susan_Coyle
British Army general (1889–1963)
Wavell, Commander-in-Chief of Middle East Command, concerning the loss of British Somaliland, which was a Middle East Command responsibility. Because of
Reade_Godwin-Austen
1941 World War II military offensive
Second World War. Conceived by the commander-in-chief of the British Middle East Command, General Archibald Wavell, Brevity was intended to be a rapid blow
Operation_Brevity
(2008–2011) Malaya Command HQ Malta and Libya (until at least 1967) Mediterranean Command (1907–1914) Middle East Command (1939–1945) Middle East Land Forces
List of British Commands and Army groups
List_of_British_Commands_and_Army_groups
British Army general
Supreme Allied Commander for South East Asia Command before becoming a brigadier on the General Staff of Middle East Command in 1946. After attending the Imperial
Denis O'Connor (British Army officer)
Denis_O'Connor_(British_Army_officer)
Reconnaissance and raiding unit of the British Army
On 23 June 1940 he met General Archibald Wavell, the commander of Middle East Command in Alexandria and explained his concept for a group of men intended
Long_Range_Desert_Group
Force commands, both past and present. Although the concept of a command dates back to the foundation of the Royal Air Force, the term command (as the
List of Royal Air Force commands
List_of_Royal_Air_Force_commands
Royal Australian Air Force squadron
the squadron was withdrawn from Bomber Command to serve in the Middle East. The relocation to Middle East Command was, in the words of historian Steve Eather
No._458_Squadron_RAAF
The Flag Officer, Middle East was a command appointment of the Royal Navy, established for two distinct periods from 1946–58 and then from c. 1962–1967
Flag_Officer,_Middle_East
1939-1941 combat formation of the British Army
transfer the rest of the division to Egypt, as reinforcements for Middle East Command. Before leaving for Egypt, the division exchanged brigades with the
2nd Armoured Division (United Kingdom)
2nd_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)
Royal Air Force station on Cyprus
command centred on Cyprus could not control units stationed in the Arabian Peninsula, of which there were still many. Consequently, the Middle East Command
RAF_Akrotiri
WWII Allied intelligence operation
fictitious troops. The NKVD set up a fake German "resistance pocket" under "command" of Lieutenant-Colonel Heinrich Scherhorn [de; ru], a real German prisoner
Operation_Scherhorn
British military command
Corps on the Island. On 11 March 1942, Malta Command became subordinate to General Headquarters (GHQ) Middle East. In late 1939, the pre-war garrison was reinforced
Malta_Command
Military history book by Thaddeus Holt
Dudley Clarke in the Middle East, John Bevan in London, William H. Baumer and Newman Smith in Washington, and Peter Fleming in the Far East, detailing their
The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War
The_Deceivers:_Allied_Military_Deception_in_the_Second_World_War
MIDDLE EAST-COMMAND
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