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Extinct family of mammals
Mesotheriidae ("Middle Beasts") is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals known from the Oligocene through the Pleistocene of South America. Mesotheriids
Mesotheriidae
Extinct order of hoofed mammals
that Homalodotheriidae, Leontiniidae, Toxodontidae, Interatheriidae, Mesotheriidae, and Hegetotheriidae are the only monophyletic families of notoungulates
Notoungulata
Stage of the Pleistocene Epoch
around 200,000 years ago. The last member of the notoungulate family Mesotheriidae, Mesotherium, has its last records around 220,000 years ago, leaving
Middle_Pleistocene
Extinct genus of mammals
Typotheriopsis is an extinct genus of Notoungulate belonging to the family Mesotheriidae, which included several small Meridiungulates specialized in digging
Typotheriopsis
Extinct genus of notoungulates
infraorbital foramen. Plesiotypotherium is a derived member of the family Mesotheriidae, a family of notoungulates whose representatives, while superficially
Plesiotypotherium
Extinct suborder of mammals
Zittel, 1892 Families Archaeohyracidae Archaeopithecidae Campanorcidae Hegetotheriidae Interatheriidae Mesotheriidae Notopithecidae Oldfieldthomasiidae
Typotheria
Extinct genus of notoungulates
disputed; in 1976, its discoverer, Roselli, assigned it in the family Mesotheriidae; in 1978, in Mones & Ubilla, it was considered part of Interatheriidae;
Fiandraia
Taxonomy of mammals
†Oldfieldthomasiidae Family †Interatheriidae Family †Campanorcidae Family †Mesotheriidae Suborder †Hegetotheria Family †Archaeohyracidae Family †Hegetotheriidae
Mammal_classification
Extinct genus of notoungulates
the name "Typotheriidae" lost its validity and is now synonymous with Mesotheriidae. Several other species have been assigned to Trachytherus, such as T
Trachytherus
Extinct genus of camel-like ungulate
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Macrauchenia
Geological formation in Argentina
Pseudotypotherium P. carhuense Robilote Field Salinas de Hidalgo A mesotheriidae notoungulate. Tremacyllus T. impressus Grünbein Cantera Seminario Bajo
Cerro_Azul_Formation
Extinct genus of mammals
Hypsitherium is an extinct genus of Mesotheriidae that lived 4.0 to 3 million years ago. It is known from the Miocene to Pliocene Inchasi fossil locality
Hypsitherium
Family of South American cingulates (armadillos)
García, Marcelo; Corgne, Alexandre (2017-04-01). "Peltephilidae and Mesotheriidae (Mammalia) from late Miocene strata of Northern Chilean Andes, Caragua"
Peltephilidae
Extinct genus of notoungulates
the other continents. Pseudotypotherium was a member of the family Mesotheriidae, which included some of the most specialized typotheres. F. Ameghino
Pseudotypotherium
Extinct order of hoofed mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Litopterna
Extinct genus of notoungulates
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Morphippus
Extinct genus of notoungulates
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Toxodon
Late Oligocene geologic formation in Mendoza Province, Argentina
837054, hdl:11336/32354 Cerdeño, Esperanza (2014), "First Record of Mesotheriidae in the Late Oligocene of Mendoza Province, Argentina", Ameghiniana,
Agua_de_la_Piedra_Formation
Family Archaeopithecidae Family Campanorcidae Genus Campanorco Family Mesotheriidae Subfamily Fiandraiinae Genus Fiandraia Subfamily Mesotheriinae Genus
List_of_prehistoric_mammals
Extinct genus of litopterns
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Lambdaconus
Extinct genus of litopterns
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Pternoconius
Extinct genus of litoptern South American ungulate
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Cramauchenia
Extinct species of ungulate
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Amilnedwardsia
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Astrapothericulus
Extinct family of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Isotemnidae
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Propyrotherium
Extinct genus of litopterns
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Micrauchenia
Extinct genus of notoungulates
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Miocochilius
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Wainka
Extinct genus of litopterns
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Epitherium
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Peripantostylops
Extinct genus of notoungulates
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Allalmeia
South American age 0.4–0.011 million years ago
(February 2023). "The last record of the last typotherid (Notoungulata, Mesotheriidae, Mesotherium cristatum) for the middle Pleistocene of the western Pampean
Lujanian
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Mixotoxodon
Geological formation in Argentina
Interatheriidae indet. Currently undescribed Mandibular and maxillary fragment Mesotheriidae indet. Currently undescribed Proterotheriidae indet. Currently undescribed
Chichinales_Formation
Extinct genus of mammals
also been found in Argentina. Altitypotherium belonged to the family Mesotheriidae, a group of typotheres that diversified during the Cenozoic, giving
Altitypotherium
Extinct genus of notoungulates
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Hegetotheriopsis
Family in the extinct order Litopterna
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Macraucheniidae
A. (2022). "The last record of the last typotherid (Notoungulata, Mesotheriidae, Mesotherium cristatum) for the middle Pleistocene of the western Pampean
2022_in_paleontology
Extinct family of notoungulate mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Toxodontidae
the forelimb of Plesiotypotherium achirense (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Mesotheriidae) and evolutionary insights at the family level". Journal of Mammalian
2018_in_paleomammalogy
"Morphofunctional space of the forelimb in Caraguatypotherium munozi (Notoungulata; Mesotheriidae): insights into wrist-powered digging". Journal of Morphology. 286 (8)
2025_in_paleomammalogy
Extinct clade of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
South American native ungulates
South_American_native_ungulates
Extinct order of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Pyrotheria
Extinct genus of notoungulates
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Maizotemnus
Extinct genus of notoungulates
Mesotherium, another notoungulate belonging to another family, the Mesotheriidae. The following cladogram of the Interatheriinae is based on Vera et
Protypotherium
Extinct suborder of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Toxodontia
Extinct order of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Astrapotheria
Extinct genus of notoungulates
intraspecific analysis of Mesotherium cristatum (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Mesotheriidae) from the Early-Middle Pleistocene of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina"
Mesotherium
Extinct genus of ground sloths
Toxodontidae Paratrigodon, the Interatheriidae Protypotherium, the Mesotheriidae Typotheriopsis, and the Hegetotheriidae Paedotherium, Pseudohegetotherium
Chasicobradys
Extinct genus of litopterns
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Theosodon
Extinct genus of mammals belonging to the armadillo order of xenarthrans
Toxodontidae Paratrigodon, the Interatheriidae Protypotherium, the Mesotheriidae Typotheriopsis, and the Hegetotheriidae Paedotherium, Pseudohegetotherium
Kelenkura
Salas-Gismondi (2016). "A new species of Trachytherus (Notoungulata: Mesotheriidae) from the late Oligocene (Deseadan) of Southern Peru and the middle
2016_in_paleomammalogy
Extinct family of litopterns
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Proterotheriidae
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Pyrotherium
Extinct genus of litopterns
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Xenorhinotherium
Period of geologic time (1.95–0.4 Ma) during the Early and Middle Pleistocene
(February 2023). "The last record of the last typotherid (Notoungulata, Mesotheriidae, Mesotherium cristatum) for the middle Pleistocene of the western Pampean
Ensenadan
long-standing controversy over the type species of the genus Pseudotypotherium (Mesotheriidae, Notoungulata)". Palaeoworld. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2022.09.009. S2CID 252770733
2022_in_paleomammalogy
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Antarctodon
Extinct order of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Xenungulata
Extinct genus of litopterns
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Huayqueriana
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Asmodeus_(mammal)
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Didolodus
Extinct genus of astrapotheriid mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Hilarcotherium
Gismondi, Rodolfo (2016), "A new species of Trachytherus (Notoungulata: Mesotheriidae) from the late Oligocene (Deseadan) of Southern Peru and the middle
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Peru
List_of_fossiliferous_stratigraphic_units_in_Peru
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Homalodotherium
Extinct genus of mammal
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Trigodon
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Huilatherium
Sedimentary basin in Mendoza, Argentina
Esperanza; Vera, Bárbara; Combina, Ana María (2018), "A new early Miocene Mesotheriidae (Notoungulata) from the Mariño Formation (Argentina): Taxonomic and
Cuyo_Basin
Extinct genus of notoungulates
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Pampatemnus
Extinct genus of notoungulates
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Thomashuxleya
Extinct genus of litopterns
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Coniopternium
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Notostylops
Extinct genus of notoungulates
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Prohegetotherium
Extinct genus of notoungulates
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Colpodon
Extinct family of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Notostylopidae
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Edvardotrouessartia
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Perutherium
Period of geologic time (9.0–6.8 Ma)
achirense, Dasypodidae indet., Hegetotheriidae indet., Lagostominae indet., Mesotheriidae indet., Nothrotheriinae indet., Sclerocalyptinae indet., Toxodontidae
Huayquerian
Extinct genus of notoungulates
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Gualta_cuyana
Geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna
Esperanza; Vera, Bárbara; Combina, Ana María (2018), "A new early Miocene Mesotheriidae (Notoungulata) from the Mariño Formation (Argentina): Taxonomic and
South American land mammal age
South_American_land_mammal_age
Extinct genus of notoungulates
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Eurygenium
South American land mammal age (SALMA)
Esperanza; Vera, Bárbara; Combina, Ana María (2018), "A new early Miocene Mesotheriidae (Notoungulata) from the Mariño Formation (Argentina): Taxonomic and
Santacrucian
Extinct genus of notoungulates
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Paedotherium
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Pseudhyrax
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Hoffstetterius
Genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Campanorco
Extinct family of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Archaeopithecidae
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Parastrapotherium
Extinct genus of notoungulates
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Mendozahippus
Extinct genus of litopterns
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Macraucheniopsis
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Astraponotus
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Acoelodus
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Umayodus
Extinct family of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Didolodontidae
Extinct genus of litopterns
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Proadiantus
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Astrapotherium
Extinct genus of litopterns
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Thoatherium
Extinct genus of litopterns
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Notiolofos
Extinct genus of mammals
†Notopithecinae Antepithecus Guilielmoscottia Notopithecus Transpithecus †Mesotheriidae Fiandraia? Trachytherus †Mesotheriinae Altitypotherium Caraguatypotherium
Deuterotherium
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