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South American age 0.4–0.011 million years ago
The Lujanian age is a South American land mammal age within the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs of the Quaternary, from 0.4–0.011 Ma or 400–11 kya. The
Lujanian
Extinct genus of bears
Rancholabrean faunal stages in North America, and the Marplatan, Ensenadan and Lujanian faunal stages of South America. Endemic to the Neotropical realm, Arctotherium
Arctotherium
Third division (unofficial) of the Pleistocene Epoch
resources. The South American land mammal age, the Lujanian, corresponds with the late Pleistocene. The Lujanian is a geologic period from 0.8 - 0.11Ma specifically
Late_Pleistocene
Extinct genus of mammals
South America from the Late Pliocene to the end of the Late Pleistocene (Lujanian), between 2.5 million and 11,000 years ago. Hippidion arrived in South
Hippidion
North American faunal stage
with the Oldenburgian of the European Land Mammal Ages, and the latter Lujanian of the South American Land Mammal Ages. Sanders, A.E., R.E. Weems, and
Rancholabrean
Extinct genus of ground sloths
lived from 3,300,000 to 12,000 years ago, between the Chapadmalalan and Lujanian faunal stages of South America. It is characterized by an elongated, superficially
Scelidotherium
Extinct species of owl
Asio ecuadoriensis Temporal range: Pleistocene (Lujanian) ~0.04 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Asio_ecuadoriensis
Genus of birds
Gymnogyps howardae[page needed] was described from the Late Pleistocene (Lujanian) asphalt deposits known as the Talara Tar Seeps, near Talara, northwestern
Gymnogyps
First epoch of the Quaternary Period
mammal ages (SALMA) include Uquian (2.5–1.5), Ensenadan (1.5–0.3) and Lujanian (0.3–0.01) in millions of years. The Uquian previously extended significantly
Pleistocene
Geologic formation in Uruguay
The Libertad Formation is a Lujanian geologic formation in Uruguay. The following fossils have been reported from the formation: Mammals Glyptodon Notiomastodon
Libertad_Formation
Period of geologic time (1.95–0.4 Ma) during the Early and Middle Pleistocene
del Plata. The Ensenadan age follows the Marplatan age and precedes the Lujanian age. The core of the Ensenadan faunal stage contains the magnetic polarity
Ensenadan
Extinct family of flightless birds
southern and eastern Argentina respectively (Possible Late Pleistocene (Lujanian) records from Uruguay) Genus Procariama – Late Miocene to Early Pliocene
Phorusrhacidae
Diverse group of extinct sloth species
Ernesto (2000-09-25). "Limb bone proportions, strength and digging in some Lujanian (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene) mylodontid ground sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra)"
Ground_sloth
Extinct species of carnivore
age of South America, appears to have given rise to Canis nehringi, a Lujanian age species from Argentina. The species was first described by Florentino
Canis_nehringi
Genus of rodents
Formation San Andrés Formation Ensenadan Vorohué Formation Yupoí Formation Lujanian Luján Formation Patagonian mara at the Wildlife Ranch in San Antonio, Texas
Dolichotis
Extinct species of carnivore
Speothos pacivorus Temporal range: Late Pleistocene (Lujanian)- Early Holocene Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia
Speothos_pacivorus
Extinct genus of mammals
feeding on grasses and sedges. Mylodon is known from the Ensenadan and Lujanian faunal stages of South America. Mylodon has generally only a single recognised
Mylodon
North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology
South America, it chronologically overlaps with the Ensenadan and early Lujanian in South American Land Mammal Ages. The _Blancan, Irvingtonian and Rancholabrean
Irvingtonian
Extinct genus of saber-toothed cat
America. S. populator existed 1 million–10,000 years ago (Ensenadan to Lujanian ages); it occurred in the eastern parts of South America. Smilodon was
Smilodon
Extinct genus of ungulate mammal
lived from the Late Pliocene (Chapadmalalan) to the Late Pleistocene (Lujanian) in southern South America, being the last survivor of the family Proterotheriidae
Neolicaphrium
Extinct genus of ground sloths
northern Argentina. Remains correspond to between the Montehermosan and Lujanian faunal stages of South America. Lestodon is generally regarded as having
Lestodon
Geologic formation in Uruguay
The Sopas Formation is a Late Pleistocene geologic formation in Uruguay. The following fossils have been reported from the formation: Antifer Dusicyon
Sopas_Formation
Extinct genus of mammals
species of Neosclerocalyptus. Neosclerocalyptus is known from the Ensenadan-Lujanian (Early Pleistocene-Early Holocene) of Chubut, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Córdoba
Neosclerocalyptus
Extinct genus of deer
Morenelaphus Temporal range: Late Pleistocene (Lujanian) ~0.8–0.011 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum:
Morenelaphus
Extinct genus of deer
Agalmaceros Temporal range: Pleistocene (Uquian-Lujanian) ~2.588–0.012 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum:
Agalmaceros
Extinct genus of ground sloths
Scelidotheriinae Ameghino, 1904 (Phyllophaga, Xenarthra) from the Ensenadan–Lujanian Stage/Ages (Early Pleistocene to Early-Middle Pleistocene–Early Holocene)
Scelidodon
Extinct genus of cingulate mammals
Venezuela, Pleistocene Cueva El Miedo (= Cave Fear), Capadare Formation, Lujanian, Falcón, Venezuela, ~800,000-11,000 BP Lajedo de Escada, Rio Grande do
Pachyarmatherium
Plata). Carlini, A. A. (2006) Neuryurus (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae) in the Lujanian (late Pleistocene–early Holocene) of the Pampean region. N. Jb. Geol. Paläont
List of South American species extinct in the Holocene
List_of_South_American_species_extinct_in_the_Holocene
Period Notes Ñuapua Formation Lujanian-Holocene Tarija Formation Ensenadan-Lujanian Ulloma Formation Ensenadan-Lujanian Charana Formation Uquian Sacaba
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Bolivia
List_of_fossiliferous_stratigraphic_units_in_Bolivia
Extinct genus of birds
Wingegyps Temporal range: Late Pleistocene (Ensenadan-Lujanian) ~0.126–0.012 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Early Pleistocene Middle L Scientific classification
Wingegyps
Extinct genus of ground sloth
Ocnotherium is an extinct genus of ground sloth known from the Late Pleistocene of Brazil, belonging to the family Mylodontidae, containing the species
Ocnotherium
Extinct subspecies of carnivore
late Pleistocene, making them as recent as 12,000 BP, dating them to the Lujanian SALMA (South American Land Mammal Ages; a series of fauna-based geological
Panthera_onca_mesembrina
Extinct family of notoungulate mammals
Toxodontidae Temporal range: Late Oligocene-Holocene (Deseadan-Lujanian) ~27–0.011 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Toxodon platensis Skeleton of Nesodon
Toxodontidae
Geologic formation in Uruguay
The Dolores Formation is a geologic formation in Uruguay. The formation is dated to the Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene. Performing optically stimulated
Dolores_Formation,_Uruguay
Genus of large, heavily armored mammals
A., Vizcaíno, S. F., & Bargo, M. S. (1998). Body mass estimations in Lujanian (late Pleistocene-early Holocene of South America) mammal megafauna. Mastozoología
Glyptodon
September 2000). "Limb bone proportions, strength and digging in some Lujanian (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene) mylodontid ground sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra)"
Largest_prehistoric_animals
Extinct species of bat
Desmodus draculae Temporal range: Pleistocene (Uquian-Lujanian)-Holocene ~2.5–0.01 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Conservation status Extinct (IUCN 3.1)
Desmodus_draculae
Extinct genus of deer
Antifer Temporal range: Early-Late Pleistocene (Uquian-Lujanian) ~2.588–0.012 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia
Antifer
Extinct genus of mammals
E. & Carlini, A. A. 2006. Neuryurus (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae) in the Lujanian (late Pleistocene–early Holocene) of the pampean region. Neues Jahrbuch
Neuryurus
Extinct genus of carnivores
Protocyon (from Greek for "first dog") is an extinct genus of large canid endemic to South and Central America from the Late Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene
Protocyon
Extinct species of carnivore
Dusicyon avus is an extinct species of canid native to South America during the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. It was medium to large, about the size
Dusicyon_avus
Extinct genus of notoungulates
following formation of the Isthmus of Panama. By the Late Pleistocene (Lujanian), the once great diversity of notoungulates had declined to only a few
Toxodon
Extinct genus of giant ground sloth
R Ernesto Blanco: Limb bone proportions, strength and digging in some Lujanian (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene) mylodontid ground sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra)
Eremotherium
Extinct genus of glyptodont
Doedicurus Temporal range: Pleistocene-Holocene (Marplatan-Lujanian) 2–0.007 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Miocene Plio. Plei. Illustration of a skeleton
Doedicurus
Extinct genus of mammals
Panochthus is an extinct genus of glyptodont, which lived in the Gran Chaco-Pampean region of Argentina (Lujan, Yupoí and Agua Blanca Formations), Brazil
Panochthus
New fossil material of Notiomastodon platensis is described from the Lujanian strata of the La Chumbiada Member of the Lujan Formation (Buenos Aires
2026_in_paleomammalogy
Large cratonic sedimentary basin situated in the central-eastern part of South America
basin contains the Late Pleistocene (Lujanian) Dolores and Sopas Formations and the Brazilian portion hosts the Lujanian Touro Passo Formation. The main natural
Paraná_Basin
Paleozoographic event resulting from the formation of the Isthmus of Panama
Montehermosan 6.8–4.0 12 1 13 Chapadmalalan 4.0–3.0 12 1 13 Uquian 3.0–1.5 5 10 15 Ensenadan 1.5–0.8 3 14 17 Lujanian 0.8–0.011 3 20 23 Holocene 0.011–0 0 11 11
Great_American_Interchange
Extinct genus of ground sloth
Mylodonopsis is an extinct genus of ground sloth, containing a single species, Mylodonopsis ibseni from the Late Pleistocene of Brazil. It is a member
Mylodonopsis
Subfamily of extinct mammals belonging to the armadillo order of xenarthrans
Glyptodonts Temporal range: Eocene–Late Pleistocene (Divisaderan–Lujanian) ~38–0.011 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Glyptodon fossil, Natural History Museum
Glyptodont
Extinct genus of mammals
to the tribe Lamini, endemic to South America during the Pleistocene (Lujanian, 781,000—12,000 years ago), existing about 0.769 million years. Fossil
Eulamaops
(1958). Chelonoidis pucara Sp. nov Disputed Agnolín & Chimento Pleistocene (Lujanian) Lujan Formation Argentina A tortoise, a species of Chelonoidis. Considered
2025_in_reptile_paleontology
Genus of marsupials
Thylamys is a genus of opossums in the family Didelphidae. The premaxillae are rounded rather than pointed. The females lack a pouch. The females' nipples
Thylamys
Extinct genus of xenarthran mammals
Glyptotherium (from Ancient Greek for 'grooved or carved beast') is a genus of glyptodont (an extinct group of large, herbivorous armadillos) in the family
Glyptotherium
Extinct genus of camel-like ungulate
Macrauchenia ("long llama", based on the now-invalid llama genus, Auchenia, from Greek "big neck") is an extinct genus of large ungulate native to South
Macrauchenia
Extinct family of ground sloths
Oligocene-Early Holocene (Hemphillian-Rancholabrean) (NALMA) &(Deseadan-Lujanian) (SALMA) ~29–0.010 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Paramylodon harlani at
Mylodontidae
Extinct genus of birds
Psilopterus Temporal range: Mid Oligocene-Late Pleistocene? (Deseadan-Lujanian) ~29.0–0.1 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Skull of P. lemoinei in American
Psilopterus
Sedimentary basin in South America
cover contains the Late Miocene Paraná Formation, the Late Pleistocene (Lujanian in the SALMA classification) Chaco Formation, also described as Eocene
Chaco_Basin
Extinct genus of camelids
Hemiauchenia is an extinct genus of lamine camelids that evolved in North America in the Miocene epoch about 10 million years ago. This genus diversified
Hemiauchenia
Extinct genus of mammals
Santacrucian Santa Cruz Formation, Ensenadan Miramar Formation, and the Lujanian Luján Formation. The overall masticatory apparatus morphology of Eutatus
Eutatus
Extinct genus of mammals
Cuvieronius is an extinct New World genus of gomphothere which ranged from southern North America to northwestern South America during the Pleistocene
Cuvieronius
Scelidodon chiliense (Lydekker)(Phyllophaga, Scelidotheriinae) from the Lujanian stage (late Pleistocene-early Holocene) of Argentina. Neues Jahrbuch für
Timeline of extinctions in the Holocene
Timeline_of_extinctions_in_the_Holocene
Extinct genus of ground sloths
of ground sloth endemic to South America during the Late Pleistocene (Lujanian). It is known from one skeleton collected in the Andes of Venezuela, and
Megistonyx
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Uruguay Lujanian San José Formation Raigón Formation Huayquerian Fray Bentos Formation Asencio Formation Mercedes
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Uruguay
List_of_fossiliferous_stratigraphic_units_in_Uruguay
Extinct genus of mammals
Mixotoxodon ("mixture Toxodon") is an extinct genus of notoungulate of the family Toxodontidae inhabiting South America, Central America and parts of southern
Mixotoxodon
Extinct genus of mammals
Hoplophorus Temporal range: Late Pleistocene (Ensenadan-Lujanian) ~0.126–0.011 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Shell fragment Scientific classification
Hoplophorus
Extinct family of ground sloths
Megatheriidae Temporal range: Late Oligocene (Deseadan)-Early Holocene (Lujanian) ~29–0.008 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Eremotherium skeleton, NMNH,
Megatheriidae
Geologic formation in Ecuador
Tablazo Formation Stratigraphic range: Mid Pleistocene (Lujanian) ~0.8–0.2 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Type Geological formation Lithology Primary Claystone
Tablazo_Formation,_Ecuador
Extinct subfamily of mammals
Miocene to Early Holocene (Hemphillian-Rancholabrean (NALMA) & Santacrucian-Lujanian) (SALMA)17.5–0.010 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Megatherium americanum
Megatheriinae
Extinct species of equine native to South America
Equus neogeus Temporal range: Pleistocene (Ensenadan-Lujanian) 1–0.012 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Skull Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia
Equus_neogeus
Extinct genus of armadillo-like mammals
Pliocene-Late Pleistocene (NALMA: Blancan-Rancholabrean) (SALMA: Uquian-Lujanian) ~4.9–0.012 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Fossil skeleton of H. septentrionalis
Holmesina
Geologic formation in Venezuela
Gregorio Formation Stratigraphic range: Zanclean-Chibanian (Chapadmalalan-Lujanian) ~5.33–0.709100 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Unit of Urumaco stratigraphic
San Gregorio Formation, Venezuela
San_Gregorio_Formation,_Venezuela
Extinct genus of ground sloths
Valgipes Temporal range: Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene (Lujanian) ~0.126–0.010 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Skull of Valgipes bucklandi in dorsal view
Valgipes
Group Formation Period Notes La Huaca Formation Lujanian Pampa La Brea Formation Lujanian Lomas Terrace Formation Late Pleistocene Máncora Tablazo Formation
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Peru
List_of_fossiliferous_stratigraphic_units_in_Peru
Extinct genus of sloths
Oreomylodon is an extinct genus of ground sloth in the family Mylodontidae, endemic to Ecuador during the Pleistocene. The only species, O. wegneri, was
Oreomylodon
Extinct genus of new world monkeys
Protopithecus Temporal range: Late Pleistocene (Ensenadan-Lujanian) ~0.126–0.012 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia
Protopithecus
Geologic formation in Ecuador
The Cangahua Formation is a Late Pleistocene (Lujanian in the SALMA classification) geologic formation of the Pichincha Province in north-central Ecuador
Cangahua_Formation
Extinct genus of sloths
of megalonychid sloth (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the late Pleistocene (Lujanian) of Sierra de Perija, Zulia State, Venezuela". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
Ahytherium
Extinct genus of sloths
Australonyx Temporal range: Late Pleistocene (Lujanian) Skull Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Infraclass:
Australonyx
Extinct family of sloths
Oligocene-Early Holocene (Hemphillian-Rancholabrean) (NALMA) & Tinguirirican-Lujanian (SALMA) 35–0.009 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Megalonyx wheatleyi skeleton
Megalonychidae
Extinct genus of litopterns
Xenorhinotherium Temporal range: Late Pleistocene-Holocene (Ensenadan-Lujanian) PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Possible late Holocene records Mounted skeleton
Xenorhinotherium
Sedimentary formation in Chile
v t e South American land mammal ages Ages Lujanian Ensenadan Marplatan Chapadmalalan Montehermosan Huayquerian Chasicoan Mayoan Laventan Colloncuran Friasian
Abanico_Formation
Extinct genus of rodents
Agathaeromys Temporal range: Mid-Late Pleistocene (Ensenadan-Lujanian) ~0.9–0.23 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Left first upper molar of Agathaeromys
Agathaeromys
Family in the extinct order Litopterna
Temporal range: Oligocene–Holocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N (Deseadan-Lujanian) Skeleton of Macrauchenia patachonica Skeleton of Thesodon Scientific classification
Macraucheniidae
Extinct species of new world monkey
Caipora is an extinct genus of large New World monkey that lived during the Pleistocene. It contains a single species, Caipora bambuiorum. Fossils have
Caipora_bambuiorum
Extinct genus of ground sloths
Catonyx Temporal range: Early Pliocene-Early Holocene (Montehermosan-Lujanian) ~2.5–0.010 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Replica of a Catonyx skull at
Catonyx
evidence of presence of the species in the studied area from Ensenadan to Lujanian. González-Guarda et al. (2025) report evidence of frugivory of Notiomastodon
2025_in_paleomammalogy
Extinct family of ground sloths
Miocene – Early Holocene (Irvingtonian-Rancholabrean (NALMA) & Santacrucian-Lujanian) (SALMA) ~17.5–0.010 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Shasta ground sloth
Nothrotheriidae
Extinct genus of ground sloths
Diabolotherium Temporal range: Late Pleistocene (Lujanian) ~0.02–0.011 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Ventral view of the skull Scientific classification
Diabolotherium
Geological group in the Colombian Andes
v t e South American land mammal ages Ages Lujanian Ensenadan Marplatan Chapadmalalan Montehermosan Huayquerian Chasicoan Mayoan Laventan Colloncuran Friasian
Honda_Group,_Colombia
Extinct genus of gomphothere elephantimorph native to South America
Fariña, Sergio F. Vizcaíno & María S. Bargo. Body mass estimations in Lujanian (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene of South America) mammal megafauna. Mastozoología
Notiomastodon
Murchison, 1854 Luisian 15.5 13.5 age Miocene California Kleinpell, 1938 Lujanian 0.8 0.3 age Pleistocene South America Ameghino 1889 Luliangian 2,350 1
List_of_geochronologic_names
Extinct genus of ground sloths
Glossotherium is an extinct genus of large mylodontid ground sloths of the subfamily Mylodontinae. It represents one of the best-known members of the family
Glossotherium
Geologic formation in western Patagonia
v t e South American land mammal ages Ages Lujanian Ensenadan Marplatan Chapadmalalan Montehermosan Huayquerian Chasicoan Mayoan Laventan Colloncuran Friasian
Río_Frías_Formation
Species of rodent found in Argentina
paleontological site in Tucumán Province dated to the latest Pleistocene (Lujanian); it is among the most common species there. The species occurs in the
Akodon_spegazzinii
Extinct genus of mammals
Piauhytherium Temporal range: Late Pleistocene (Lujanian) ~0.010 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Skull Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum:
Piauhytherium
Extinct family of prehistoric ground sloths
Scelidotheriidae Temporal range: Late Oligocene-Late Pleistocene (Deseadan-Lujanian) ~29–0.009 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Scelidotherium leptocephalum
Scelidotheriidae
Extinct genus of mammals belonging to the armadillo order of xenarthrans
Lomaphorus Temporal range: Late Pleistocene (Lujanian) ~0.1 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Lomaphorus imperfectus caudal tube Scientific classification
Lomaphorus
Extinct subfamily of mammals
Miocene to Early Holocene (Hemphillian-Rancholabrean (NALMA) & Colloncuran-Lujanian (SALMA) ~15.5–0.010 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Skeleton of Glossotherium
Mylodontinae
Extinct genus of ground sloths
Nothrotherium Temporal range: Early Pleistocene-Early Holocene (Uquian-Lujanian) ~1.8–0.010 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Skull of Nothrotherium Scientific
Nothrotherium
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