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Type of pseudorandom binary sequence
A maximum length sequence (MLS) is a type of pseudorandom binary sequence. They are bit sequences generated using maximal linear-feedback shift registers
Maximum_length_sequence
Spreading of sound energy
the 200th anniversary of the birth of Gauss. Diffusors based on maximum length sequence (MLS) are made of strips of material with two different depths
Diffusion_(acoustics)
Seemingly random, difficult to predict bit stream created by a deterministic algorithm
example is the maximum length sequence generated by a (maximal) linear feedback shift register (LFSR). Other examples are Gold sequences (used in CDMA
Pseudorandom_binary_sequence
Binary sequence used in telecommunications
shift register used to generate the maximum length sequence. The set of the 2n − 1 exclusive-ors of the two sequences in their various phases (i.e. translated
Gold_code
Mathematical sequences
Kasami sequence is initiated by generating a maximum length sequence a(n), where n = 1…2N−1. Maximum length sequences are periodic sequences with a period
Kasami_code
Topics referred to by the same term
An M-sequence may refer to: Regular sequence, which is an important topic in commutative algebra. A maximum length sequence, which is a type of pseudorandom
M-sequence
Type of shift register in computing
for a given LFSR length. Also, once one maximum-length tap sequence has been found, another automatically follows. If the tap sequence in an n-bit LFSR
Linear-feedback shift register
Linear-feedback_shift_register
Sequence of characters, data type
a sequence of characters, either as a literal constant or as some kind of variable. The latter may allow its elements to be mutated and the length changed
String_(computer_science)
Radio signal transmission method
performance. Dynamic frequency hopping List of multiple discoveries Maximum length sequence Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing Radio-frequency sweep
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum
Frequency-hopping_spread_spectrum
Output of a dynamic system when given a brief input
input and output of a system driven with a pseudo-random sequence, such as maximum length sequences. Another approach is to take a sine sweep measurement
Impulse_response
Pseudo-random signal with characteristics similar to noise
maximal length sequences, Gold codes, Kasami codes, and Barker codes. Barker code Gold Codes Maximum length sequence Zadoff–Chu sequence Pseudorandom number
Pseudorandom_noise
Integer sequence
mathematics, Gijswijt's sequence (named after Dion Gijswijt by Neil Sloane) is a self-describing sequence where each term counts the maximum number of repeated
Gijswijt's_sequence
Sequence of digital values used for synchronisation
prime-length Legendre sequences, Zadoff–Chu sequences (used in 3rd- and 4th-generation cellular radio) and 2 n − 1 {\displaystyle 2^{n}-1} maximum length sequences
Barker_code
Method of estimating the parameters of a statistical model, given observations
maximum likelihood estimation possesses a number of attractive limiting properties: As the sample size increases to infinity, sequences of maximum likelihood
Maximum_likelihood_estimation
Principal protocol used to stream data across an IP network
Maximum Segment Size option, and will be followed by an Option-Length byte specifying the length of the MSS field. Option-Length is the total length of
Transmission_Control_Protocol
Topics referred to by the same term
Studies in Law or Master of Legal Studies Maximum length sequence, a type of pseudorandom binary sequence MLS (Making Life Simple) S.A., a Greek software
MLS_(disambiguation)
Pairs of sequences
(also called maximum length sequences or M-sequences) Ternary Golay code (Error-correcting code) Walsh-Hadamard sequences Zadoff–Chu sequence Donato, P.G
Complementary_sequences
Quantifying the behaviour of loudspeakers
Later equipment uses correlation on other stimulus such as a maximum length sequence system analyser (MLSSA). Using multiple sine wave tones as a stimulus
Loudspeaker_measurement
Response that characterizes how an ear receives a sound from a point in space
frequency domain using a frequency-swept sine wave or by using maximum length sequences. User fatigue is still a problem, however, highlighting the need
Head-related transfer function
Head-related_transfer_function
German physicist
a synchronous dual channel measurement method using reciprocal maximum-length sequences (2003). He led a famed study of 22 concert halls worldwide, leading
Manfred_R._Schroeder
Audio measurement software
"transfer function", and single-FFT spectrum analyzer. It includes maximum length sequence (MLS) analysis as a choice for impulse response, for the measurement
Smaart
Open problem on 3x+1 and x/2 functions
1161, 2223, 2463, 2919, 3711, 6171, ... (sequence A006877 in the OEIS). The starting values whose maximum trajectory point is greater than that of any
Collatz_conjecture
Unit of data on an Ethernet network
a maximum payload of 1500 octets. Non-standard jumbo frames allow for larger payloads on networks built to support them. The frame check sequence (FCS)
Ethernet_frame
the maximum. This finding was surprising because the coding sequence for the average protein length of 400 AAs (with ~1,200 bases of coding sequence) and
Split_gene_theory
Sequence with limited alternation of symbols
Davenport–Schinzel sequence is a sequence of symbols in which the number of times any two symbols may appear in alternation is limited. The maximum possible length of
Davenport–Schinzel_sequence
Encoding for a sequence of byte values using 64 printable characters
that uses 64 printable characters to represent each 6-bit segment of a sequence of byte values. As for all binary-to-text encodings, Base64 encoding enables
Base64
Test and measurement instrument
previously impossible with older analysis techniques such as MLS (Maximum Length Sequence). An audio generator suitable for use in test and measurement must
Audio_analyzer
Topics referred to by the same term
to: Arc length, the distance between two points along a section of a curve. Length of a sequence or tuple, the number of terms. (The length of an n-tuple
Length_(disambiguation)
Process of determining the nucleic acid sequence
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is
DNA_sequencing
Type of sequence in numerical analysis
Sobol' sequences (also called LPτ sequences or (t, s) sequences in base 2) are a type of quasi-random low-discrepancy sequence. They were first introduced
Sobol_sequence
Size of largest allowed packet on a network segment
In computer networking, the maximum transmission unit (MTU) is the size of the largest protocol data unit (PDU) that can be communicated in a single network
Maximum_transmission_unit
from a multiple sequence alignment, to generate a phylogenetic tree. ME evaluates different tree arrangements by estimating branch lengths that best fit
Minimum_evolution
Network utility used to test the reachability of a host
reply. Sequence number: 16 bits Can be used by the client to match the reply with the request that caused the reply. Payload: variable length Optional
Ping_(networking_utility)
Type of mathematical sequence
In mathematics, a low-discrepancy sequence is a sequence with the property that for all values of N {\displaystyle N} , its subsequence x 1 , … , x N {\displaystyle
Low-discrepancy_sequence
Special type of Boolean function
Niho bent functions, etc. As early as 1982 it was discovered that maximum length sequences based on bent functions have cross-correlation and autocorrelation
Bent_function
Computer science problem
{\displaystyle n} denotes the length of the input sequence. In the first 16 terms of the binary Van der Corput sequence 0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1,
Longest increasing subsequence
Longest_increasing_subsequence
Form of pseudorandom number generator
degree, preset to non-zero state, so that each LFSR generates a maximum length sequence. Under these assumptions, the ASG's output demonstrably has long
Alternating_step_generator
Algorithm for shuffling a finite sequence
finite sequence. The algorithm takes a list of all the elements of the sequence, and continually determines the next element in the shuffled sequence by randomly
Fisher–Yates_shuffle
simultaneous dual channel measurement method using reciprocal maximum-length sequences (2003). He is a promoter of Bayesian analysis in acoustics. Xiang
Ning_Xiang
Diagram used to show relations among groups of organisms with common origins
Approaches such as maximum likelihood, which incorporate explicit models of sequence evolution, are non-Hennigian ways to evaluate sequence data. Another powerful
Cladogram
Type of error-correcting code using convolution
is not maximum likelihood but its complexity increases only slightly with constraint length, allowing the use of strong, long-constraint-length codes.
Convolutional_code
Online database of integer sequences
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching
On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
On-Line_Encyclopedia_of_Integer_Sequences
Optimality criterion in phylogeny
methods such as maximum parsimony because protein and nucleotide sequences are naturally discrete: A particular position in a nucleotide sequence can be either
Maximum_parsimony
Data transmission and error correction protocol
and receiving windows must be equal, and half the maximum sequence number (assuming that sequence numbers are numbered from 0 to n−1) to avoid miscommunication
Selective_Repeat_ARQ
Theorem about natural numbers
Goodstein sequence of n and, when the sequence reaches 0, returns the length of the sequence. Because every Goodstein sequence eventually terminates, this function
Goodstein's_theorem
1016 = member of the Mian–Chowla sequence, stella octangula number, number of surface points on a cube with edge-length 14 1017 = generalized triacontagonal
1000_(number)
Coding technique in communication technology
unchanged. Run-length limited sequences are characterized by two parameters, d and k, which stipulate the minimal and maximal zero-bit run length that can occur
Run-length_limited
Application of computational algorithms, methods and programs to phylogenetic analyses
search space. Maximum Likelihood (also likelihood) optimality criterion is the process of finding the tree topology along with its branch lengths that provides
Computational_phylogenetics
Finds likely sequence of hidden states
target tracking, where the track is computed that assigns a maximum likelihood to a sequence of observations. Given a hidden Markov model with a set of
Viterbi_algorithm
Figure skating element
single skaters include a maximum of one step sequence in their short programs; senior skaters must include a step sequence in their free skating programs
Step_sequence
Device or software that records, edits or plays back musical notes
A music sequencer (or audio sequencer or simply sequencer) is a device or application software that can record, edit, or play back music, by handling
Music_sequencer
Mathematical metric
particular, in optimization algorithms for these. For the sequence space of infinite-length sequences of real or complex numbers, the Chebyshev distance generalizes
Chebyshev_distance
Effect in signal processing
implementation of the DFT, because truncation of an odd-length sequence results in an even-length sequence. Their real-valued DFT coefficients are also an advantage
Spectral_leakage
Method for finding sums of unit fractions
{1}{145}}+{\frac {1}{37986}}+\cdots } (sequence A117116 in the OEIS). The length, minimum denominator, and maximum denominator of the greedy expansion for
Greedy algorithm for Egyptian fractions
Greedy_algorithm_for_Egyptian_fractions
Repeating sequences of 2–13 base pairs of DNA
microsatellite is a tract of repetitive DNA that consists of a particular sequence of base pairs repeated a large number of times. Microsatellites occur at
Microsatellite
Measure of the completeness of DNA sequencing
for high number of unique reads of each region of a sequence. Physical coverage, the cumulative length of reads or read pairs expressed as a multiple of
Coverage_(genetics)
Alignment of more than two molecular sequences
because identifying the optimal alignment between more than a few sequences of moderate length is prohibitively computationally expensive. However, heuristic
Multiple_sequence_alignment
Limit on data transfer rate
decoding functions. An encoder maps W into a pre-defined sequence of channel symbols of length n. In its most basic model, the channel distorts each of
Noisy-channel_coding_theorem
Method of DNA sequencing developed in 1977
"contigs") which resemble the full genomic sequence once fully assembled. Sanger methods achieve maximum read lengths of approximately 800 bp (typically 500–600
Sanger_sequencing
Statistical Markov model
that a sequence drawn from some null distribution will have an HMM probability (in the case of the forward algorithm) or a maximum state sequence probability
Hidden_Markov_model
Rate at which data is processed in communication networks
the useful rate of the data transfer can be significantly lower than the maximum achievable throughput; the useful part is usually referred to as goodput
Network_throughput
Wing shape
that the airfoil has a 15% thickness to chord length ratio: it is 15% as thick as it is long. The maximum thickness of the four-digit series is always
NACA_airfoil
Model selection principle
Algorithmic Information Theory, where the description length of a data sequence is the length of the smallest program that outputs that data set. In
Minimum_description_length
Numbering method for assigning routing addresses for telephones
regional administrations. It is an open numbering plan but imposes a maximum length of 15 digits to telephone numbers. The standard defines a country code
Telephone_numbering_plan
Universal lossless data compression algorithm
1984 paper encodes sequences of 8-bit data as fixed-length 12-bit codes. The codes from 0 to 255 represent 1-character sequences consisting of the corresponding
Lempel–Ziv–Welch
Star at the centre of the Solar System
initiated nuclear fusion in its core. It is now classified as a G-type main-sequence star (G2V). Every second, the Sun's core fuses about 600 billion kilograms
Sun
Class of prime numbers
randomness of these sequences has been examined by diehard tests. Binary full reptend prime sequences (also called maximum-length decimal sequences) have found
Full_reptend_prime
Description of degree sequences of graphs
even-summed positive sequence d {\displaystyle d} has no repeated entries other than the maximum and the minimum (and the length exceeds the largest entry)
Erdős–Gallai_theorem
Method used for display options on video text terminals
unavailable from escape sequences: Escape sequences vary in length. The general format for an ANSI-compliant escape sequence is defined by ANSI X3.41
ANSI_escape_code
Shortest path with bounded turning radius
points and directions, to have minimal length. In 1992 the same result was shown again using Pontryagin's maximum principle. More recently, a geometric
Dubins_path
File format for sequences and quality scores
for storing both a biological sequence (usually nucleotide sequence) and its corresponding quality scores. Both the sequence letter and quality score are
FASTQ_format
File format developed by Motorola
arranged in big-endian format. Data - a sequence of 2n hex digits, for n bytes of the data. For S1/S2/S3 records, a maximum of 32 bytes per record is typical
Motorola_S-record
of points in the plane Longest path problem: find a simple path of maximum length in a given graph Minimum spanning tree Borůvka's algorithm Kruskal's
List_of_algorithms
Algorithm for encoding data bytes
sequence that contains no occurrences of those values. The extra length of the transformed sequence is typically referred to as the overhead of the algorithm
Consistent Overhead Byte Stuffing
Consistent_Overhead_Byte_Stuffing
Location in a genome
short nucleotide sequence is organized as a tandem repeat. These can be found on many chromosomes, and often show variations in length (number of repeats)
Variable_number_tandem_repeat
Methods in computational biology
In bioinformatics, alignment-free sequence analysis approaches to molecular sequence and structure data provide alternatives over alignment-based approaches
Alignment-free sequence analysis
Alignment-free_sequence_analysis
Fractal named after mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot
z=0} . In other words, it is the set of c {\displaystyle c} for which the sequence f c ( 0 ) {\displaystyle f_{c}(0)} , f c ( f c ( 0 ) ) {\displaystyle f_{c}(f_{c}(0))}
Mandelbrot_set
Method of random selection
minimum number of adjacent exchanges to sort a sequence. For a permutation with n elements, the maximum number of neighbor exchanging = n ( n − 1 ) 2 {\displaystyle
Ghost_leg
Film shot lasting much longer than conventional shots
but the advent of digital video has considerably lengthened the maximum potential length of a take. When filming Rope (1948), Alfred Hitchcock intended
Long_take
Sequence of n-tuples of integers
each n-tuple in a Ducci sequence is greater than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to the difference between the maximum and minimum members of the
Ducci_sequence
Stochastic chain family
From there, Rissanen shortens the maximum candidate through successive cutting the branches according to a sequence of tests based in statistical likelihood
Stochastic chains with memory of variable length
Stochastic_chains_with_memory_of_variable_length
of m-sequences or maximum length sequences. There are efficient algorithms for FCSR synthesis. This is the problem: given a prefix of a sequence, construct
Feedback with Carry Shift Registers
Feedback_with_Carry_Shift_Registers
EF5 tornado in North Dakota, US
community of Enderlin. Part of a larger severe weather outbreak and derecho sequence across the northern Great Plains between June 19 and 22, the tornado, referred
2025_Enderlin_tornado
Character encoding
continuation prefix and a sequence number on subsequent SMS messages (these prefix bytes and sequence number are counted within the maximum length of the 140-octet
GSM_03.38
DC-free run-length limited line code used by several optical disc formats
DC-free run-length limited (RLL) codes; these have the following two properties: the spectrum (power density function) of the encoded sequence vanishes at
Eight-to-fourteen_modulation
Data structure in computer science
maximum in-use size of Length − 1. In this case, the buffer is empty if the start and end indexes are equal and full when the in-use size is Length −
Circular_buffer
Method for aligning biological sequences
align protein or nucleotide sequences. It was one of the first applications of dynamic programming to compare biological sequences. The algorithm was developed
Needleman–Wunsch_algorithm
United States Navy nuclear warhead anti-submarine rocket (1964–1989)
Subroc launch sequence, 1964.
UUM-44_SUBROC
Function in mathematical analysis
when the supremum is in fact the maximum, the max norm. The name "uniform norm" derives from the fact that a sequence of functions { f n } {\displaystyle
Uniform_norm
Linear-time, analog algorithm for sorting a sequence of items
requires a parallel processor, which is assumed to be able to find the maximum of a sequence of items in O(1) time. For simplicity, assume we are sorting a list
Spaghetti_sort
Well-behaved sequence in a commutative ring
depth of R as a R-module. That is, the depth of R is the maximum length of a regular sequence in the maximal ideal. For a Noetherian local ring R, the
Regular_sequence
and comparing these sequence numbers. In short, when the absolute serial number value decreases by more than half of the maximum value (e.g. 128 in an
Serial_number_arithmetic
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce RNA. There are two
Gene
Region of repetitive nucleotide sequences on chromosomes
region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences). Telomeres are a widespread
Telomere
algorithm is perfectly capable of working with any length for phase 2, up to and including the maximum length of 16 moves. When searching for an optimal solution
Optimal solutions for the Rubik's Cube
Optimal_solutions_for_the_Rubik's_Cube
Field in Ethernet frames indicating which protocol is encapsulated in the payload
be greater than or equal to 1536. That value was chosen because the maximum length (MTU) of the data field of an Ethernet 802.3 frame is 1500 bytes and
EtherType
Class of digital signal-processing methods
conjunction with maximum-likelihood sequence detection, eventually known as PRML technique replaced the peak detection systems that used run-length-limited (RLL)
Noise-predictive maximum-likelihood detection
Noise-predictive_maximum-likelihood_detection
Network traffic shaping and policing algorithm
variable-length packets, the maximum burst size will depend on the lengths of the packets in the burst, and there is no single value for the maximum burst
Leaky_bucket
Token limit for LLM context
the sequence lengths used during training, while attention variants and positional-encoding methods can allow models to operate on longer sequences than
Context_window
Period of long-term reduction in temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere
The most severe cold period of the LGP was the Last Glacial Maximum, which reached its maximum between 26,000 and 20,000 years ago. The most recent glaciation
Ice_age
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Chinese, French, German, Greek, Latin, Swedish
Greatest
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit
Plenty; Maximum; Intelligent; Young and Dynamic; Earth
Male
Swedish
Modern form of Swedish Benkt, BENGT means "blessed."Â
Boy/Male
Muslim
Auspicious, Prosperous
Boy/Male
Italian American
The greatest.
Male
Russian
(МакÑим) Variant spelling of Russian Maksim, MAXIM means "the greatest." Compare with another form of Maxim.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Lee, LEIGH means "meadow."Â
Male
Scottish
Scottish surname transferred to forename use, derived from the name of a river of Celtic origin, LEITH means "flowing water."
Boy/Male
Indian
Auspicious, Prosperous
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Kenneth, KENITH means both "born of fire" and "comely; finely made."
Boy/Male
Latin
Greatest.
Female
Swedish
Feminine form of Swedish Bengt, BENGTA means "blessed."Â
Boy/Male
Latin French
Greatest.
Male
French
French form of Latin Maximus, MAXIME means "the greatest."Â
Boy/Male
Latin
Greatest.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Increase; Excess; High Degree; Maximum; Feminine of Mazid
Boy/Male
American, Australian, French, Latin
Greatest
Girl/Female
Latin
The best.
Female
Romanian
Pet form of Romanian Ileana, possibly LENUTA means "torch."
Boy/Male
Arabic, French, Muslim
Lucky
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
Boy/Male
French, German, Scandinavian
Warrior
Boy/Male
German Scottish
Red. Surname.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
One Protected by the Lord's Nectar
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Tamil
Heavenly; Heart of Avi
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Lord Ganesha
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Protected.
Female
Egyptian
, the Sun; or, the self-existent.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Lion
Boy/Male
Hindu
Charming
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Beautiful
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
superl.
Having length; rather long or too long; prolix; not brief; -- said chiefly of discourses, writings, and the like.
a.
A single piece or subdivision of a series, or of a number of long pieces which may be connected together; as, a length of pipe; a length of fence.
n.
A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium maximum).
pl.
of Maximum
a.
Of half the whole or ordinary length, as a picture.
a.
See Lento.
v. t.
To lengthen.
n.
A self-registering thermometer, especially one that registers the maximum and minimum during long periods.
adv.
In a lengthy manner; at great length or extent.
v. t.
To extent in length; to make longer in extent or duration; as, to lengthen a line or a road; to lengthen life; -- sometimes followed by out.
a.
A portion of space or of time considered as measured by its length; -- often in the plural.
n.
The greatest quantity or value attainable in a given case; or, the greatest value attained by a quantity which first increases and then begins to decrease; the highest point or degree; -- opposed to minimum.
a.
Detail or amplification; unfolding; continuance as, to pursue a subject to a great length.
n.
In a curve referred to polar coordinates, any point for which the radius vector is a maximum or minimum.
a.
Greatest in quantity or highest in degree attainable or attained; as, a maximum consumption of fuel; maximum pressure; maximum heat.
a.
The quality or state of being long, in space or time; extent; duration; as, some sea birds are remarkable for the length of their wings; he was tired by the length of the sermon, and the length of his walk.
a.
The longest, or longer, dimension of any object, in distinction from breadth or width; extent of anything from end to end; the longest line which can be drawn through a body, parallel to its sides; as, the length of a church, or of a ship; the length of a rope or line.
n.
The least quantity assignable, admissible, or possible, in a given case; hence, a thing of small consequence; -- opposed to maximum.
adv.
At full length; lengthwise.
n.
Minimum.