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UNESCO World Heritage Site in Germany, Netherlands
The Lower Germanic Limes (Latin: limes ad Germaniam inferiorem, Dutch: Neder-Germaanse Limes, German: Niedergermanischer Limes) is the former frontier
Lower_Germanic_Limes
Fortifications of ancient Roman provinces
The Limes Germanicus (Latin for Germanic frontier), or 'Germanic Limes', is the name given in modern times to a line of frontier (limes) fortifications
Limes_Germanicus
UNESCO World Heritage Site in Germany
The Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes (German: Obergermanisch-Raetischer Limes), or ORL, is a 550-kilometre-long section of the former external frontier of
Upper_Germanic-Rhaetian_Limes
Roman catapult-style torsion siege engine
new look at an old problem". C. Sebastian Sommer, Suzana Matešić (HRSG.). Limes XXIII: Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress of Roman Frontier
Onager_(weapon)
Desert frontier of the Roman Empire
forming part of the wider Roman limes system. It had several forts and watchtowers. The reason of this defensive limes was to protect the Roman province
Limes_Arabicus
Church dedicated to Saint Martin of Tours
Domplein were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Lower Germanic Limes, for its Roman archaeological remains within the square. The first
St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht
St._Martin's_Cathedral,_Utrecht
Frontier and border defences of the Roman Empire
North-Africa. Germanic Limes including the: Lower Germanic Limes Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes Danubian Limes including the: Rhaetian Limes (only those
Limes_(Roman_Empire)
Defensive fortification in Roman Britain
construction of frontier boundaries now known as limes in other areas of the empire, such as the Limes Germanicus in modern-day Germany. The novelty of
Hadrian's_Wall
Roman frontier defence line
Romans created the Limes Tripolitanus The first fort on the limes was built at Thiges, to protect from nomad attacks in 75 AD. The limes was expanded under
Limes_Tripolitanus
Roman ballista-like torsion siege engine
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Scorpio_(weapon)
Part of a grand strategy of territorial defense in the Roman Empire
The limes that ran across the line of the Rhine-Danube was known as the Limes Germanicus. It consisted of: The Lower (Northern) Germanic Limes, which
Roman military frontiers and fortifications
Roman_military_frontiers_and_fortifications
Military command during the Late Roman Empire
system of the British branch of the Saxon Shore (the so-called "Wash–Solent limes"), although they are not included in the Notitia, such as the forts at Walton
Saxon_Shore
Bodyguards of the Roman emperors
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Praetorian_Guard
Military standard of the ancient Roman army
cloth with an image of the goddess Victoria, and measures 47×50 cm. The lower edge has the remains of a fringe. This vexillum was once attached to a piece
Vexillum
Central army of the late Roman Empire
imperial troops (legions and auxiliary) which were not merely garrisoned at a limes (fortified border, on the Rhine and Danube in Europe and near Persia and
Comitatenses
Roman military standard
legion". The actual reason is unknown) 17 BC – defeat of Marcus Lollius by Germanic tribes in Gallia in the Clades Lolliana. Legio V Macedonica (returned in
Aquila_(Roman)
Defensive shield wall used by Roman Legions
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Testudo_formation
Largest military unit of the Roman army
("Nineteenth Legion"), founded by Augustus around 41 BC, were destroyed by a Germanic alliance led by Arminius in the Varian Disaster (September 9, AD 9) and
Roman_legion
Highest war trophy for an Ancient Roman
imperium in Macedonia. Nero Claudius Drusus, Augustus’s stepson, sought out Germanic chieftains to face in single combat during his campaigns. Sources suggest
Spolia_opima
Tactical unit of the Roman Republic
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Maniple_(military_unit)
Plate armor used in Ancient Rome
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Lorica_segmentata
Linear earthworks
Limes Sarmatiae was intended to expand the Roman Limes, and was built at the same time as the Constantine Wall in Wallachia (connected to the Limes Moesiae)
Devil's_Dykes
Ancient Roman military boot
thick-soled openwork boots, with hobnailed soles. They were worn by the lower ranks of Roman cavalrymen and foot-soldiers, and possibly by some centurions
Caligae
Professional soldier of the Roman army
to only the emperor. Legionnaires would expand Rome's borders to include lower Britannia, Dacia, North Africa, and more through military campaigns under
Legionary
Second-highest ancient Roman military decoration
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Civic_Crown
Helmet worn by ancient Roman legionaries
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Imperial_helmet
Highest ancient Roman military decoration
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Grass_Crown
Putative reforms of the Roman military in 107 BC
consulships from 104 to 100 BC during which Rome faced the serious threat of Germanic invasion. Marius was credited with setting the precedent for recruiting
Marian_reforms
Type of light infantry of Ancient Rome
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Velites
First century AD invasion of Britain by the Romans
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Roman_conquest_of_Britain
Class of soldier in the early Roman Republic
manpower from wars against the Numidian king Jugurtha in North Africa and Germanic tribes to the north, the different classes of units were disbanded entirely
Principes
Smallest unit of soldiers in the Roman Army
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Contubernium (Roman army unit)
Contubernium_(Roman_army_unit)
Archaeological site in Slovakia
present-day Slovakia. It was a part of the Roman limes, the frontier zone of the Empire. A Germanic settlement, "Celemantia" in this area is mentioned
Celemantia
Component of late antique armor
Till-Steincheshof, Bedburg-Hau, Kreis Kleve. In: Peter Henrich (Hrsg.): Der Limes vom Niederrhein bis an die Donau. 6. Kolloquium der Deutschen Limeskommission
Manica_(armguard)
Monument commemorating Trajan's victory over Dacians
thrown off the cliffs IX - Barbarian family in a four-wheel cart XLVIII: Germanic POW with Roman Soldier XXII: Emperor Trajan XLIV(Gramatopol) changed as
Tropaeum_Traiani
Ancient Roman reconnaissance and secret police agency
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Speculatores
Roman military headquarters structure
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Praetorium
Class of voluntarily reenlisted soldier in the Ancient Roman army
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Evocatus
Roman legion
lost its standard when its commander Marcus Lollius was defeated by the Germanic Sugambri. The battle probably took place in the valley of the Meuse. Although
Legio_V_Alaudae
Roman archers
already in widespread use and even supported Roman campaigns against the Germanic tribes in Central Europe. The normal weapon of Roman archers, both infantry
Sagittarii
Roman short sword; Latin word meaning "sword"
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Gladius
Roman military subdivision
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Cohort_(military_unit)
border and field units. The border (limitanei) units were to occupy the limes, the structured border fortifications, and were formed by professional soldiers
List_of_Roman_legions
Peoples and cities bound by a treaty, typically with ancient Rome
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Foederati
100-man military unit in Ancient Rome
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Centuria
Veteran Roman legionaries
combat a shortage of manpower due to wars against Jugurtha in Africa and Germanic tribes to the north, the different classes of units were scrapped entirely
Triarii
Weapon used by early Roman legionaries
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Hasta_(spear)
Roman dagger
expansion which was pierced by a large rivet. Evidence shows that the two lower rings were unused. The first type was made with a curving metal plate that
Pugio
Defensive fortification in Roman Britain
Gryme's Dyke would thus be the Devil's Dyke, mirroring the name of the Roman limes in Southern Germany often called 'Teufelsmauer'. Grímr and Grim are bynames
Antonine_Wall
Urban military police in ancient Rome
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Cohortes_urbanae
Former portion of a Roman border
The Limes Mauretaniae was a portion of a 4,000-kilometre (2,500 mi) Roman fortified border (limes) in Africa approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) south
Limes_Mauretaniae
Watchmen of ancient Rome
Gaul by Claudius II (Gothicus) on his accession in 269 AD to secure the lower Rhone valley against the so-called Gallic Empire. This is the only known
Vigiles
Officer rank within the Roman army
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Optio
World Heritage Site
part of the Danubian Limes. Noric Limes Pannonian Limes (in Upper and Lower Pannonia) Moesian Limes The Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes between the Rhine and
Danubian_Limes
Period of Roman history (c. 509 – 27 BC)
a far more serious affair than the earlier Gallic clashes in 121. The Germanic tribes of the Cimbri and the Teutons migrated from northern Europe into
Roman_Republic
Ancient Roman city in present-day York, England
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Eboracum
Account of Gallic wars by Julius Caesar
intrigues that took place in the nine years he spent fighting the Celtic and Germanic peoples in Gaul who opposed Roman conquest. The "Gaul" to which Caesar
Commentarii_de_Bello_Gallico
UNESCO World Heritage Site
The Lower German Limes". UNESCO World Heritage Convention: The List. 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2024. Jens Wegmann (ed.). "The Lower Germanic Limes: Rome's
Novaesium
List of links describing conflicts Rome was involved in
Aulus Caecina Severus and Germanic troops led by Arminius. Battle of the Weser River (16) – Legions under Germanicus defeat Germanic troops of Arminius. Battle
List of Roman external wars and battles
List_of_Roman_external_wars_and_battles
Roman civilisation from the 8th century BC to the 5th century AD
the Germanic peoples, who invaded Gaul. His losses generated dissatisfaction among his soldiers, and some of them murdered him during his Germanic campaign
Ancient_Rome
Roman military rank
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Primus_pilus
Class of Roman infantry soldier
manpower from wars against Jugurtha, king of Numidia in North Africa and Germanic tribes to the north, the different classes of units were disbanded entirely
Hastati
Roman fort built mid 70s AD
In 88 AD, the Emperor Domitian ordered the Legio II Adiutrix to the lower Danube. The Legio XX Valeria Victrix was deployed to garrison Deva Victrix
Deva_Victrix
Ancient Roman intelligence agency
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Frumentarii
Quinctilius Varus – lost three Roman legions and his own life when attacked by Germanic leader Arminius in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest Titus Quinctius Flamininus
List_of_Roman_generals
Roman term for a fortified military base
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Castra
High office in the Roman Empire
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Praetorian_prefect
Conflicts between the Romans and Etruscans – 8th to 3rd centuries BCE
for the sale of salt (which was at the time costly), and exempting the lower classes from taxes and port customs duties. The measures were successful
Roman–Etruscan_Wars
Temporary Roman army task forces detachments
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Vexillatio
Roman fort in Northern England
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Vindolanda
Elite Late Roman army units
distinguishes comitatenses, ripenses, and alares et cohortales, so certain lower-status frontier units were not counted as part of the ripenses though they
Palatini_(Roman_military)
Roman settlement in northern England
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Pons_Aelius
Ancient ranged weapon
heavier construction employing a winch and were mounted on a tripod. It had a lower rate of fire and was used as a siege engine. With the invention of the torsion
Ballista
Roman imperial guard unit
or Germanic bodyguard, was a personal, imperial guards unit for the Roman emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty (30 BC – AD 68) composed of Germanic soldiers
Numerus_Batavorum
Roman fort, cultural heritage and archaeological site in Germany
Inferior near present-day Xanten on the Lower Rhine. The legionary camps of Vetera were part of the Lower Germanic Limes and were declared a UNESCO World Heritage
Vetera
Round shield used by the Roman army
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Parma_(shield)
Ancient Roman military scouts and reconnaissance units
routes into provincial territory, and reported on movements beyond the limes. Speculatores Frumentarii Auxilia Castra Areani Ezov, Amiram (1996). "The
Exploratores
Roman light infantry and civil servants
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Accensi
Barracks of the Praetorian Guard in Rome
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Castra_Praetoria
Roman cavalry standard-bearer
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Draconarius
Roman military execution method
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Fustuarium
Officer of the Roman army
to the broad-stripe tribune, the other five 'thin stripe' tribunes were lower in rank, and were called the tribuni angusticlavii. These 'officer cadets'
Military_tribune
Roman military expedition
was a Roman military expedition from 14 to 16 AD against a coalition of Germanic tribes on the right bank of the Rhine. The campaigns are named after Nero
Germanicus's expedition into Germania
Germanicus's_expedition_into_Germania
Imperial Roman military office
peditum or magister utriusque militiae ("master of both forces"). Overall, lower-level magistri were assigned according to circumstances, with varying numbers
Magister_militum
Type of javelin used by the Roman auxiliary soldiers
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Lancea_(weapon)
Provincial units of the Later Roman Empire
respectively "the soldiers in frontier districts" (from the Latin word limes meaning frontier) or "the soldiers on the riverbank" (from the Rhine and
Limitanei
Roman legion
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Legio_VI_Victrix
Hugh, 1996, "Warfare in Roman Europe, AD 350–425", who were often, as Germanic tribesmen, completely unarmoured. However, Luttwak points out that whilst
Military_of_ancient_Rome
Watch commander in the Roman army
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Tesserarius
395-7th century army
emperor was gradually supplanted by the local rule of a number of barbarian Germanic chieftains. Following the deposition of Western emperor Romulus Augustulus
Eastern_Roman_army
Treatise by Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
De_re_militari
Pack carried by Roman legionaries
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Sarcina
Roman Empire honorable discharge from military service
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Honesta_missio
Ancient Roman war horn
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Buccina
Ancient Roman armband
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Armilla_(military_decoration)
Noble title granted to honor a commander who achieved a major military victory
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Victory_title
Navy of ancient Rome
along the rivers Rhine and Ems, without permanent results due to grim Germanic resistance and a disastrous storm. By 28, the Romans lost further control
Roman_navy
Roman road in England
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Devil's_Causeway
Small fort on a Roman frontier
Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall Saxon Shore Limes Germanicus Alb Limes Lauter Valley Limes Lower Germanic Limes Main Limes
Milecastle
Former Roman castellum, village in Netherlands
site was added to the World Heritage List in 2021 as part of the Lower Germanic Limes. From 1 June 2023 to 31 October 2024 there is a small exhibit of
Fectio
LOWER GERMANIC-LIMES
LOWER GERMANIC-LIMES
Male
Russian
(Герман) Russian form of Roman Latin Germanus, GERMAN means "from Germany."
Girl/Female
French
German. From Germany.
Girl/Female
Australian, French, German, Italian, Latin, Portuguese
From Germany
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, French, German, Latin
From Germany
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : occupational name denoting a servant who carried the ewer to guests at table so that they could wash their hands, Anglo-Norman French and Middle English ewerer (related to ewere ‘jug’), with the French definite article l’.Cornish : variant of Flower 4.
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, French, Latin, Portuguese
Blooming; Flower; Form of Florence
Boy/Male
American, Australian, French, German, Jamaican
Brother; From Germany
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Luker.Belgian (van Loker) : habitational name from Loker in West Flanders.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, and Swiss German
English, German, and Swiss German : variant of German.German : variant of Gehrmann.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Danish, English, French, German, Latin, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Teutonic
Warrior; Brotherly; From Germany; Brother
Boy/Male
French Latin
German, or from Germany.
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, "flower," from Proto-Indo-European *bhlo-, FLOWER means "to blossom, flourish."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Lower.
Boy/Male
Australian, French, Latin
From Germany
Male
French
French form of Roman Latin Germanus, GERMAIN means "from Germany."
Boy/Male
French
German.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Chinese, Danish, French, German, Jamaican, Latin, Teutonic
Brother; A Sprout; Armed; From Germany
Female
French
Feminine form of French Germain, GERMAINE means "from Germany."
Male
Italian
Italian form of Roman Latin Germanus, GERMANO means "from Germany."
Girl/Female
French English
Flower.
LOWER GERMANIC-LIMES
LOWER GERMANIC-LIMES
LOWER GERMANIC-LIMES
LOWER GERMANIC-LIMES
LOWER GERMANIC-LIMES
LOWER GERMANIC-LIMES
LOWER GERMANIC-LIMES