AI & ChatGPT searches , social queries for LESSING OTHMER
Search references for LESSING OTHMER. Phrases containing LESSING OTHMER
See searches and references containing LESSING OTHMER!
Search references for LESSING OTHMER. Phrases containing LESSING OTHMER
See searches and references containing LESSING OTHMER!LESSING OTHMER
Lessing-Othmer is a romanization of Mandarin Chinese that was introduced by F. Lessing [de] and Dr. W. Othmer [de], who in 1912 printed their book „Lehrgang
Lessing-Othmer
Writing Chinese with the Latin alphabet
changed. Every poor man may now learn to read and write his own language in less than a month, and with a little pains he may do it correctly with practice
Romanization_of_Chinese
Romanization scheme for Standard Chinese
method for transliterating Standard Chinese in most regions, though it is less commonly used in Taiwan. It is employed to teach Standard Chinese, normally
Pinyin
Sino-Tibetan language
century and is now broadly accepted, reconstruction of Sino-Tibetan is much less developed than that of families such as Indo-European or Austroasiatic. Difficulties
Chinese_language
Branch of the Chinese language family
alternative term Běifānghuà (北方话; 北方話; 'Northern dialects'), is used less and less among Chinese linguists. By extension, the term "Old Mandarin" or "Early
Mandarin_Chinese
Logographic writing system
above and below a line, and later evolved into their present forms with less potential for graphical ambiguity in context. More complex indicatives include
Chinese_characters
Standardized set of Chinese characters
during the Han dynasty c. 200 BCE, with the sets of forms and norms more or less stable since the Southern and Northern dynasties period c. the 5th century
Traditional Chinese characters
Traditional_Chinese_characters
Chinese varieties spoken at and south of the Yangtze delta
two provinces. Jiangnan speech (江南话; 江南話; Jiāngnán huà), a non-standard, less common name linking the language to the cultural region of Jiangnan. This
Wu_Chinese
Chinese pronunciation system (601 AD)
finals, and are described as their entering tone counterparts. There is much less agreement regarding the medials and vowels. It is generally agreed that "closed"
Middle_Chinese
Punctuation used with Chinese characters
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Chinese_punctuation
Primary branch of Sinitic spoken in southern China and Taiwan
Xiang and Gan rivers to the west, so that Min varieties have experienced less northern influence than other southern groups. As a result, whereas most
Min_Chinese
Latin letter U with umlaut/diaeresis
the Chinese Romanisations Pinyin, Wade–Giles, and the German-based Lessing-Othmer, where it represents the same sound [y]: 綠/lǜ (green) or 女/nǚ (female)
Ü
Standard form of Mandarin Chinese
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Standard_Chinese
Latin letter A with two dots
romanization of Nanjing Mandarin, Ä stands for [ɛ].[citation needed] The Lessing-Othmer romanization scheme also used ä. In the Nordic countries, the vowel
Ä
Variety of Mandarin Chinese
variety can be called Standard Guoyu (標準國語; Biāozhǔn Guóyǔ) in contrast to the less standard Taiwan Guoyu (臺灣國語; Táiwān Guóyǔ). More formal settings—such as
Taiwanese_Mandarin
Variety of Hokkien spoken in Taiwan
also "to smell" (a verb, unlike Mandarin). Among the apparently cognate-less words are many basic words with properties that contrast with similar-meaning
Taiwanese_Hokkien
Sinitic language spoken in East Asia
Singaporean dialects as a group are more mutually intelligible, but it is less so amongst the forementioned group, Quanzhou dialect, and Zhangzhou dialect
Hokkien
onset). By contrast, in the case of the particle 啊, a, which is a weak onset-less syllable, linking occurs with the previous syllable (as described under § Syllable
Standard_Chinese_phonology
Ancient form of written Chinese
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Oracle_bone_script
Dialect of Yue Chinese
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Taishanese
Oldest attested stage of Chinese
century and is now broadly accepted, reconstruction of Sino-Tibetan is much less developed than that of families such as Indo-European or Austronesian. Although
Old_Chinese
Standardized set of Chinese characters
Characters in Modern Chinese, which specified 2500 common characters and 1000 less common characters. In 2009, the Chinese government published a major revision
Simplified_Chinese_characters
Branch of Sino-Tibetan languages
others, such as between Mandarin and Xiang or between Min and Hakka, are much less clearly defined. Scholars account for the transitional nature of the central
Sinitic_languages
Characters used to denote numbers in Chinese
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Chinese_numerals
Grammar of the Standard Chinese language
is also nín (您), a formal, polite word for singular "you", as well as a less common plural form, nínmen (您们). Some northern dialects have a third-person
Chinese_grammar
Romanization system for Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles Yale romanization Lessing-Othmer Simplified Wade Comparison chart Late imperial Mandarin Morrison romanization
Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin
Semisyllabary used to transcribe Chinese
Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles Yale romanization Lessing-Othmer Simplified Wade Comparison chart Late imperial Mandarin Morrison romanization
Bopomofo
Variety of Chinese found in Hong Kong and Macau
be confused with written Cantonese which, even in Hong Kong, enjoys much less prestige as a literary language than written vernacular Mandarin Chinese
Hong_Kong_written_Chinese
others, such as between Mandarin and Xiang or between Min and Hakka, are much less clearly defined. An alternative approach is to map the variation of individual
Varieties_of_Chinese
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Languages_of_China
Writing in a variety of Chinese scripts on ritual bronzes
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Chinese_bronze_inscriptions
Chinese varieties spoken around Jiangxi
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Gan_Chinese
Dialect of Mandarin spoken in China
do not have this suffix. In Standard Chinese, these also occur but much less often than they appear in the Beijing dialect. This phenomenon is known as
Beijing_dialect
Phonology of the Cantonese language
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Cantonese_phonology
Chinese transliteration system (1892–2002)
Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles Yale romanization Lessing-Othmer Simplified Wade Comparison chart Late imperial Mandarin Morrison romanization
Chinese_postal_romanization
Dialect of Yue Chinese
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Weitou_dialect
Writing the Chinese languages
documents, but vertical layouts have persisted in some books and newspapers. Less frequently, Chinese is written in rows from right to left, usually on signage
Written_Chinese
Family of dialects of Yue Chinese, related to Cantonese
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Yuehai_Yue
Chinese language from 1368 to 1912
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)
Mandarin_(late_imperial_lingua_franca)
Chinese idioms
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Chengyu
Sinitic language originating in southern China
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Hakka_Chinese
Ancient style of Chinese characters
characters in the small seal script. Their form is characterized by being less rectangular and more squarish. In the popular history of Chinese characters
Seal_script
Literary form of written Chinese
jurisprudence and lawyers needed to have good knowledge of them in the past though less so today. Many works of literature in Classical and Literary Chinese have
Classical_Chinese
Wu Chinese variety spoken in Shanghai
years old. Due to the large number of migrants into Shanghai, its lexicon is less noticeably Wu, though it still retains many defining features. However, many
Shanghainese
Chinese script widely used in the Han dynasty
shapes that are more rectilinear than in the more orthodox scripts, with less long, sinuous lines and more readily segmented strokes, and are closer to
Clerical_script
Dialect of Hokkien spoken in the city of Xiamen
unaspirated and aspirated voiceless initial consonants (as Mandarin does too). In less technical terms, native Amoy speakers have little difficulty in hearing the
Amoy_dialect
Chinese keyboard entry system
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Cangjie_input_method
Wu Chinese dialect
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Shadi_dialect
Reconstructed ancestor of the Hakka varieties
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Proto-Hakka
Branch of the Mandarin Chinese language family
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Sichuanese_dialects
Method of entering Chinese characters into a computer
cannot speak Standard Chinese, the phonetic basis pinyin-based input becomes less compelling, as they will need to learn the Standard Chinese pronunciation
Pinyin_input_method
Branch of Chinese language family
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Yue_Chinese
Southwestern Mandarin dialects
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Gui-Liu_Mandarin
Script style of Asian orthography
that for the cursive form, there is only a total of 3 strokes, 17 strokes less than its regular counterpart. Eight different cursive representations of
Cursive_script_(East_Asia)
Branch of the Min Chinese languages
consonants than Mandarin or Cantonese. Vowels, on the other hand, are more-or-less similar to those of Mandarin. In general, Southern Min dialects have five
Southern_Min
Written Chinese reflecting spoken varieties
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Written_vernacular_Chinese
Yue Chinese dialect of Guangdong province
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Siyi_Yue
Styles of writing Chinese characters
semi-cursive script, the brush leaves the paper less often than in the regular script. Characters appear less angular and instead rounder. In general, an
Chinese_script_styles
Phonology of the Hokkien language
to 侯一開 -uw; variant readings cognate to 豪一開 -aw (more common in Teochew, less common in Hokkien; when present for a character, it is usually described
Hokkien_phonology
Romanization scheme for Mandarin Chinese
Because yü (as in 玉 "jade") must have an umlaut in Wade–Giles, the umlaut-less yu in Wade–Giles is freed up for what corresponds to you (有 "have"/"there
Wade–Giles
Chinese character input method
though, it is because certain characters have a short representation that is less than 4 letters, as well as a "full" representation. For characters with fewer
Wubi_method
Southern Min language of China
Northern Teochew dialects are mutually intelligible between each other, but less so with the Southern branch. Various stereotypes and cultural traits are
Teochew_Min
Dialect of Hokkien
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Longyan_dialect
Dialect of Hokkien spoken in the Philippines
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Philippine_Hokkien
Taiwanese romanization for Mandarin (2002–2008)
Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles Yale romanization Lessing-Othmer Simplified Wade Comparison chart Late imperial Mandarin Morrison romanization
Tongyong_Pinyin
Wu Chinese variety spoken in Kunshan
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Kunshan_dialect
Variety of Mandarin, spoken in Northeast China
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Northeastern_Mandarin
Branch of Chinese spoken in northern China
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Jin_Chinese
Chinese topolect spoken in Taiwan
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Taiwanese_Hakka
Sinitic language spoken in Central Asia
bibliography, nearly 400 Dungan books have been published. Publications have become less common after the end of the Soviet Union. Free from education in the literary
Dungan_language
Southern Wu Chinese language
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Chu–Qu_Wu
Group of dialects of Mandarin Chinese
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Central_Plains_Mandarin
Min Chinese dialects spoken on the island of Hainan
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Hainanese
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Old_Chinese_phonology
Phonetic script for Taiwanese languages
Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles Yale romanization Lessing-Othmer Simplified Wade Comparison chart Late imperial Mandarin Morrison romanization
Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols
Colloquial Mandarin Chinese in Malaysia
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Malaysian_Mandarin
Writing system for Chinese in the Perso-Arabic script
considered a true writing system. The "Daily system" is the system used by the less educated for letters and correspondences on a personal level. Often simple
Xiao'erjing
Eastern Min Chinese language
Bāyīn", University of Washington, 1993 Survey by Fuzhou Evening Paper Showing Less Than Half of Fuzhou Youth Able to Speak Fuzhou Dialect (in Chinese) Fuzhou
Fuzhou_dialect
Dialect of Yue Chinese
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Fangcheng_Yue_Dialect
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Tuhua_dialects
Dialect of Teochew Min
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Swatow_dialect
Dialect of Mandarin Chinese
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Jiaoliao_Mandarin
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Historical_Chinese_phonology
Primary branch of Chinese spoken in southern China
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Xiang_Chinese
Mandarin dialect of Fujian
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Yangyu_dialect
Dialect of Xiang Chinese
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Yongzhou_dialect
Han people
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Gyami
Classical Chinese as written in Vietnam
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Literary_Chinese_in_Vietnam
Wu Chinese language
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Taihu_Wu
Branch of Chinese spoken in Guangxi
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Pinghua_Chinese
Lower Yangtze Mandarin dialects
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Tong-Tai_Mandarin
Writing system for Taiwanese Hokkien
Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles Yale romanisation Lessing-Othmer Simplified Wade Comparison chart Late imperial Mandarin Morrison romanisation
Taiwanese_kana
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
History of the Chinese language
History_of_the_Chinese_language
Style of writing Chinese characters
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Semi-cursive_script
Measure words in Chinese
linguists have proposed that the use of classifier phrases may be guided less by grammar and more by stylistic or pragmatic concerns on the part of a speaker
Chinese_classifier
Chinese script used by Yao women
similar elements. The palace maiden tale, while romantic, is often considered less historically plausible. Scholars generally agree that Nüshu was likely created
Nüshu
Mandarin Chinese as spoken in Singapore
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Singaporean_Mandarin
Yue Chinese dialect of Guangxi, China
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Qin–Lian_Yue
Type of Chinese proverb of two parts, where the latter half is typically omitted
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Xiehouyu
Variety of Mandarin Chinese
Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese
Chengdu-Chongqing_dialect
LESSING OTHMER
LESSING OTHMER
LESSING OTHMER
LESSING OTHMER
LESSING OTHMER
LESSING OTHMER
LESSING OTHMER
LESSING OTHMER
LESSING OTHMER