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Hurro-Hittite goddess
Kubaba was a goddess of uncertain origin worshiped in ancient Syria. Despite the similarity of her name to these of legendary queen Kubaba of Kish and
Kubaba_(goddess)
Legendary Mesopotamian queen
Kubaba (Sumerian: 𒆬𒀭𒁀𒌑, kug-Dba-u₂) was a legendary Mesopotamian queen who according to the Sumerian King List ruled over Kish for a hundred years
Kubaba
Feminine or female deity
Arinniti: Hittite goddess of the sun. She became patron of the Hittite Empire and monarchy. Cybele: Her Hittite name was Kubaba, but her name changed
Goddess
Eblaite and Hurrian goddess
Ninatta and Kulitta, Hutena and Hutellura and Pinikir and Goddess of the Night. Adamma and Kubaba are also paired in Ugaritic and Hittite sources. Dennis
Adamma_(goddess)
Anatolian mother goddess
associated with her, may have been influenced by the Kubaba cult of the deified Sumerian queen Kubaba. In the 2nd century AD, the geographer Pausanias attests
Cybele
Religion of the ancient Luwian people of Anatolia
bow and arrow, standing on a deer. His partner is the goddess Ala, who was identified with Kubaba in Kummuh. Šanta/Santa was a death-bringing god, named
Luwian_religion
Ancient religion in Iron Age Anatolia
parallels in Hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions from Tabal, where the goddess Kubaba, the god Šandas and the Marwainzi were associated to each other as deities
Lydian_religion
Luwian goddess of the wilderness
festival in her honour. In the Iron Age she merged with the goddess Kubaba. The goddess "Lady Ala-Kubaba" had a sanctuary in the Neo-Hittite kingdom of Kumuha
Ala_(Luwian_goddess)
Archaeological site in Reyhanlı, Hatay, Turkey
where the Syrian and Anatolian goddess Kubaba was originally worshiped. She is generally seen as a benevolent goddess of justice. According to this theory
Alalakh
Ancient city in Syria
Hittite stag-god Kurunta. Kubaba was also the goddess of Alalakh, located in the coastal Amik Valley. In 2015, a basalt stele of Kubaba, originally from Karkemish
Carchemish
Mesopotamian goddess
theonyms of similar structure, such as Zababa, Alala, Belili, Bunene or Kubaba, Aruru's name likely did not originate in Sumerian or any of the Semitic
Aruru_(goddess)
Mesopotamian goddess
writing of theophoric names, for example in the case of the legendary queen Kubaba/Ku-Bau. He concludes that Bau was most likely the original pronunciation
Bau_(goddess)
Ancient Semitic goddess
Akkadian: 𒀀𒅆𒋥, romanized: Aširat; Qatabanian: 𐩱𐩻𐩧𐩩 ʾṯrt) was a goddess in ancient Semitic religions. She also appears in Hittite writings as Ašerdu(š)
Asherah
Canaanite solar deity
𐎌𐎔𐎌 špš, "sun"), also called Shapsh or Shamshu, was a Canaanite sun goddess. She also served as the royal messenger of the high god El, her probable
Shapshu
Neo-Hittite dynasty from Carchemish
identified in Hieroglyphic Luwian after the top part of the basalt stele of Kubaba (goddess) from Karkemish, made by king Kamani around 790 BC, was discovered
House_of_Suhi
Ayu-Ikalti Barama Belet Nagar DINGIR.GE6 Hebat Hutena and Hutellura Išḫara Kubaba Lelluri Nabarbi Nikkal Ninatta and Kulitta Pentikalli Shala Shalash Shaushka
List_of_goddesses
Tutelary god of Carchemish
he was a Hurrian god in origin or if similarly to closely associated goddess Kubaba he predated Hurrian control over the region. He appears in a variety
Karhuha
Underworld Ninurta, Assyrian god of war and hunting Tiamat: sea goddess Samnuha Kubaba Marduk (Classical Syriac: ܒܹܝܠ) Enlil Ninlil Nisroch Hanbi: father
Ancient_Semitic_religion
Middle Eastern goddess, worshipped from the Bronze Age through classical antiquity
form of the Ancient Near Eastern goddess ʿAṯtart. ʿAṯtart was the Northwest Semitic equivalent of the East Semitic goddess Ishtar. Astarte was worshipped
Astarte
Ancient Mesopotamian, Ugaritic and Egyptian war goddess
romanized: ʿNT; Greek: Αναθ, romanized: Anath; Egyptian: ꜥntjt) was a goddess associated with warfare and hunting, best known from the Ugaritic texts
Anat
Ancient goddess of Northern Syria
Derceto by the Greeks) was the chief goddess of northern Syria in classical antiquity. Primarily she was a fertility goddess, but, as the baalat ("mistress")
Atargatis
God in Sumerian mythology
Kumarbi raise the eponymous deity to the kingship of the gods. The goddess Kubaba proposes that LAMMA meets the Primeval Gods, but he refuses. Ea and
Enki
ISBN 978-90-04-29394-6. Retrieved 2022-03-08. Hawkins, John D. (1983), "Kubaba A. Philologisch · Kubaba A. Philological", Reallexikon der Assyriologie, retrieved 2022-06-15
List_of_Hurrian_deities
Hurrian goddess
𒀭𒄭𒁁, dḫe-pát; also romanized as Ḫebat; Ugaritic 𐎃𐎁𐎚, ḫbt) was a goddess associated with Aleppo, originally worshiped in the north of modern Syria
Ḫepat
Luwian goddess
well as the deities Hadad of Qrpdl, Hadad of the vineyard, Shamash and Kubaba, and states she was one of the recipients of the offering of a sacrificial
Nikarawa
Sumerian king of Kish
cupbearer to Ur-Zababa, mentioning him in a single line as ruling in between Kubaba (Kugbau) and Sargon. Ur-Zababa ordered Sargon, his cupbearer, to change
Ur-Zababa
STYX. ISBN 978-90-04-13024-1. OCLC 51944564. Beckman, Gary (1999). "The Goddess Pirinkir and Her Ritual from Ḫattuša (CTH 644)". Ktèma: Civilisations de
List_of_Ugaritic_deities
Elamite and Hurrian astral goddess
Pirengir, Pirinkir, and Parakaras, was an Ancient Near Eastern astral goddess who originates in Elamite religious beliefs. While she is only infrequently
Pinikir
Syrian goddess
Semitic etymology either, similar as in the case of other Syrian deities like Kubaba or Aštabi. Lluis Feliu proposes that it might have originated in an unknown
Shalash
Ancient Semitic goddess
ancient Semitic goddess. Ashima was a West Semitic goddess of fate related to the Akkadian goddess Shimti ("fate"), who was a goddess in her own right
Ashima
Inschriften. 2005, p. 87. Pausanias 3.22.4 English translation. Kurt Bittel. "Kubaba – Kybele." in Erich Ebeling, Bruno Meissner, Dietz Otto Edzard (ed.): Reallexikon
Manisa_relief
Northwest Semitic supreme deity
the beginning of the account mention the goddess Athirat, who is otherwise El's chief wife, and the goddess Raḥmayyu ('the one of the womb').[citation
El_(deity)
Hurrian mountain goddess
a loaf of bread. Like the so-called "Syrian substrate" deities (Ishara, Kubaba, Aštabi, Adamma), Hebat and Šarruma Lelluri was also incorporated into Hittite
Lelluri
Mesopotamian grain and weather goddess
Shala (Šala) was a Mesopotamian goddess of weather and grain and the wife of the weather god Adad. It is assumed that she originated in northern Mesopotamia
Shala
Ancient Anatolian people of Kussara
Kubaba, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2010 Jacques Freu et Michel Mazoyer, Les royaumes Néo-Hittites, Les Hittites et leur histoire Tome 5, Collection Kubaba,
Hittites
Ancient Anatolian kingdom
Histories. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-051260-8. Hutter, Manfred (2017). "Kubaba in the Hittite Empire and the Consequences for her Expansion to Western
Lydia
Tutelary goddess of Mardaman
as one of the so-called "Syrian substratum" deities, similar to Išḫara, Kubaba and Astabi. Identification of Shuwala with Shala, wife of the Mesopotamian
Shuwala
Hurrian and Ugaritic goddess
wib) was a goddess worshiped in various areas of the ancient Near East west of Mesopotamia. She was derived from the Mesopotamian goddess Ningal, and
Nikkal
Semitic goddess, variant of Ishtar
Hurrian and Hittite Allani Aštabi Hayya Ḫepat Hutena and Hutellura Išḫara Kubaba Kumarbi Kušuḫ Lelluri Mitanni dynastic deities (Indra, Mitra, Varuna) Nabarbi
Ishtarat
Mesopotamian lunar god
deities such as Tarḫunz and Kubaba in an inscription of Himayata [de] on a stela from Til Barsip. He also appears alongside Kubaba in curse formulas in multiple
Sin_(mythology)
Hurro-Hittite god
of the most commonly worshiped deities of the city, alongside Nergal and Kubaba. A letter from the merchant Ishtaran-Nasir to king Zimri-Lim of Mari mentions
Nupatik
Archaeological discoveries in Turkey
were found within a temple precinct dedicated to the ancient Anatolian goddess Kubaba. The sanctuary's architectural plan features a long, narrow layout,
Phoenician finds at Oluz Höyük
Phoenician_finds_at_Oluz_Höyük
God in the Canaanite religion pantheon
heaven." In other Ugaritic texts, the two are associated with the sun goddess. Another inscription is a sentence repeated three times in a para-mythological
Shalim
temple of Samanuha and a deity identified by Stephanie Dalley as Kubaba, the Hurrian goddess of Carchemish, but whose name was actually spelled dGu-ba-ba
Samnuha
Tarḫunzas); the goddess Kubaba (Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔖶𔖖𔗎𔗏𔗜𔒚𔕸𔕸𔗔𔖶, romanized: Kubabas), including: her hypostasis as Kubaba of Karkamiš (Hieroglyphic
Tabal_(region)
Hittite goddess of gardens
Maliya was a goddess worshiped by Hittites in the Bronze Age. She was most likely a deified river in origin, but she was also associated with gardens
Maliya
First woman according to the Abrahamic creation myth
"Chronicle" mentioning Kubaba from A. K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles (1975) Munn, Mark (2004). "Kybele as Kubaba in a Lydo-Phrygian Context":
Eve
Semitic deity associated with Venus
masculine Venus god was syncretized into the depiction of feminine Venus goddess Inanna in her depiction as having a masculine beard. The name appears in
ʿAṯtar
Polytheistic religion in the Bronze Age Near East
Ayu-Ikalti (the Mesopotamian dawn goddess Aya), Šauška with her servants Ninatta and Kulitta, Nabarbi, Šuwala, Adamma, Kubaba, Hašuntarhi, Uršui-Iškalli and
Hurrian_religion
Greek god of beauty and desire
mother Cenchreis bragged that her daughter was more beautiful than the goddess. It was to her nurse that, with much reluctance, Myrrha revealed her shameful
Adonis
and her father Azamis dedicate a throne, a statue, and a table to the goddess Kubaba. Three other inscriptions name him together with his son Hattusili,
Šuppiluliuma_(Kummuh)
Early Neo-Hittite kingdom
name of Taita, and invoke a "divine Queen of the Land", possibly the goddess Kubaba. Most importantly, in 2003 a statue of King Taita bearing his inscription
Palistin
Religious beliefs and practices of the Thracians
ISBN 978-9-004-69054-7. Oreshko, Rostyslav (2021). "In Search of the Holy Cube Roots: Kubaba—Kubeleya—Κύβεβος—Kufaws and the Problem of Ethnocultural Contact in Early
Thracian_religion
Online dictionary of Aramaic
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Comprehensive_Aramaic_Lexicon
Sumerian ruler and protagonist of the Epic of Gilgamesh
Enkidu, and the Netherworld", in which Gilgamesh comes to the aid of the goddess Inanna and drives away the creatures infesting her huluppu tree. She gives
Gilgamesh
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Shelomit_seal
Tutelary goddess of Byblos
Bēltu ša Gubla (Akkadian: dNIN ša uruGub-la) and Baaltis, was the tutelary goddess of the city of Byblos. While in the past it was often assumed her name
Baalat_Gebal
Ancient Egyptian goddess
Qadesh, Qedesh, Qetesh, Kadesh, Kedesh, Kadeš or Qades /ˈkɑːdɛʃ/) was a goddess who was incorporated into the ancient Egyptian religion in the late Bronze
Qetesh
the company's name, Dubler explained: "Kubaba was the earliest Indo-European name for the great mother-goddess of Anatolia." Inspired by their work on
John_Bigelow_Taylor
Semitic title often used in reference to deities
Kornein ("Two-Horn Hill") across the bay from Carthage. His consort was the goddess Tanit. The epithet Hammon is obscure. Most often, it is connected with
Baal
10th century BCE Paleo-Hebrew inscription
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Tel_Zayit_abecedary
10th-century BC Phoenician inscription
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Yehimilk_inscription
Bronze Age god in ancient Syria
regarded as originating in such a substratum, including Aštabi, Ishara and Kubaba. The association with a Hebrew word for "fish" (as in Hebrew: דג, Biblical
Dagon
1837 study of the Phoenician language
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Scripturae Linguaeque Phoeniciae
Scripturae_Linguaeque_Phoeniciae
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Kosher_Bread_Stamp
Anatolian war god
bowl inscription" mentions him as the owner's personal deity, alongside Kubaba and Karhuha. Šanta was also worshiped in Lydia, and in one curse formula
Šanta
Ancient Anatolian kingdom
February 2025. Oreshko, Rostyslav (2021). "In Search of the Holy Cube Roots: Kubaba—Kubeleya—Κύβεβος—Kufaws and the Problem of Ethnocultural Contact in Early
Phrygia
Hebrew-inscribed bulla found in Jerusalem
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Isaiah_bulla
Canaanite god
text make this portion of the tale obscure. The sun stops shining as its goddess Shapash joins Ba'al's sister 'Anat in burying him. 'Anat then comes upon
Mot_(god)
Obelisk with Phoenician inscription
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Eshmun_obelisk
Punic inscriptions found in Tripolitania, Libya
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Tripolitania Punic inscriptions
Tripolitania_Punic_inscriptions
Eblaite, Ugaritic and Ancient Egyptian deity
personal protective deity of the king. Resheph is also mentioned alongside Kubaba on an Aramaic stela from Tell Sifr, a site located near Aleppo, but due
Resheph
example of the Hittites' acceptance of women holding significant power is Kubaba, who was a Mesopotamian queen who ruled in her own right during the Early
Legal rights of women in history
Legal_rights_of_women_in_history
Philistine inscription
Ekron goddess was Pidray/Ptryh, rather than some previously unknown Semitic, much less Greek, goddess." Demsky Aaron, 1997. The Name of the Goddess of Ekron:
Ekron Royal Dedicatory Inscription
Ekron_Royal_Dedicatory_Inscription
Eblaite god
first proposed by Igor M. Diakonoff, who in 1971 concluded that Išḫara and Kubaba were pre-Hurrian Syrian deities. This theory subsequently found support
Kura_(deity)
Ancient Hebrew seal stamped on Judahite jars
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
LMLK_seal
Ancient graffiti engraved on the walls of the Temple of Seti I at Abydos, Egypt
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Abydos_graffiti
Semitic storm god
(both in early Sumerian and the much later Assyrian texts) was the grain goddess Shala, who is also sometimes associated with the god Dagānu. She was also
Hadad
Greek-Aramaic inscription
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Farasa_bilingual_inscription
Group of Hurrian deities
deities are mentioned during an argument between the eponymous figure and Kubaba which revolves around the former's unwillingness to honor them. In a later
Hurrian_primeval_deities
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Sardis_bilingual_inscription
Punic inscriptions in Tunisia
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Khaznadar_inscriptions
7th-century BCE Jerusalem amulets featuring a biblical text
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Ketef_Hinnom_scrolls
Ancient Hebrew inscription
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Yavne-Yam_ostracon
Phoenician gravestone inscription
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Honeyman_inscription
Phoenician inscriptions
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Idalion_Temple_inscriptions
Phoenician votive thrones
at Wikimedia Commons Lion-Throned Goddesses of West Asia Classical Art Research Center: 20. Seated goddess Archived 2020-02-11 at the Wayback Machine
Thrones_of_Astarte
Stone inscription in a Mediterranean island
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Sant'Antioco_bilingual
Ancient Jerusalem seal
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Yeho'ezer_ben_Hosh'ayahu_seal
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Tell Fekherya bilingual inscription
Tell_Fekherya_bilingual_inscription
Ancient Greek and Palmyrene inscription
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Palmyra_Tariff
Inscriptions of the Nabataean kingdom
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Nabataean_inscriptions
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Gozan_Pedestal_inscription
Undeciphered writing system of ancient Crete
2013. Davis, Brent. 2010. Introduction to Aegean pre-Alphabetic Scripts. Kubaba 1, pp. 38–61.. P. 51–54. Sampson, Geoffrey (1990). Writing systems - A linguistic
Linear_A
Hurrian goddess
siblings Šarruma and Kunzišalli, as well as Takitu, Nabarbi, Šuwala, Adamma, Kubaba and others as a member of the circle of Ḫepat in kaluti, a type of Hurrian
Allanzu
Canaanite inscription
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Khirbet_Qeiyafa_ostracon
Phoenician inscriptions
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Abu Simbel Phoenician graffiti
Abu_Simbel_Phoenician_graffiti
Ancient stele
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Melqart_stele
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Carthaginian slaughterhouse inscription
Carthaginian_slaughterhouse_inscription
Seven inscriptions in Hebrew found in Israel
papyrus Hazor inscriptions Al Jib jar handles Byblos marble inscription Kubaba Aramaic inscription El-Kerak Inscription Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
Khirbet_Beit_Lei_graffiti
KUBABA GODDESS
KUBABA GODDESS
KUBABA GODDESS
KUBABA GODDESS
KUBABA GODDESS
KUBABA GODDESS
KUBABA GODDESS
KUBABA GODDESS
KUBABA GODDESS