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Chemical compound
Kojic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOCH2C5H2O2OH. It is a derivative of 4-pyrone that functions in nature as a chelation agent produced
Kojic_acid
Process of lightening the color of the skin around the anus
perianal-specific trials. Agents such as hydroquinone, arbutin, kojic acid, azelaic acid, and niacinamide demonstrate pigment-modulating effects via tyrosinase
Anal_bleaching
Topics referred to by the same term
Kojic may refer to: Kojić, Serbian surname Kojic acid This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Kojic. If an internal link incorrectly
Kojic
Practice of using chemical substances to lighten the skin
16th century in Asia. While a number of agents — such as kojic acid and alpha hydroxy acid — are allowed in cosmetics in Europe, a number of others such
Skin_whitening
Darkening of an area of skin or nails due to increased melanin
as hydroquinone, azelaic acid, and kojic acid. Some are available without prescription, such as niacinamide, l-ascorbic acid,[citation needed] retinoids
Hyperpigmentation
Chemical compound
to inhibit tyrosinase production, such as hydroquinone, arbutin, and kojic acid, 4-butylresorcinol has been found to be the most powerful inhibitor by
4-Butylresorcinol
Index of chemical compounds with the same molecular formula
acetylenedicarboxylate 5-Hydroxymaltol 2-Hydroxymuconate semialdehyde Kojic acid Muconic acid Tetrahydroxybenzene 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroxybenzene 1,2,3,5-Tetrahydroxybenzene
C6H6O4
Species of fungus
rubrum is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium which produces kojic acid, mitorubrin, mitorubrinol, rubratoxin A, rubratoxin B rubralactone, rubramin
Penicillium_rubrum
Class of chemical compounds
found in some natural chemical compounds such as chromone, maltol and kojic acid. 3-pyrones are zwitterionic, unstable carbonyl ylides. They intermediate
Pyrone
Organic chemical compound
period of time. Brand names for azelaic acid include Dermaz 99, Crema Pella Perfetta (micronized azelaic acid, kojic dipalmitate, and liquorice extract),
Azelaic_acid
Species of fungus
related to Aspergillus nomius, producing aflatoxin B1, chrysogine, and kojic acid. A. pseudonomius has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar
Aspergillus_pseudonomius
Small pigment spots on skin
depigmentation agents. Some common depigmentation agents such as azelaic acid and kojic acid seem to be inefficient in this case, however other agents might work
Lentigo
Species of fungus
Wyoming, in the United States. Penicillium ribium produces asperfuran, kojic acid and cycloaspeptide. MycoBank UniProt Frisvad, J. C.; Larsen, T. O.; Dalsgaard
Penicillium_ribium
Type of honey
well as flavonoids and phenolic compounds. It also contains o-anisic acid, kojic acid, dihydroxyacetone, methylglyoxal, glyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosulose, methyl-syringate
Mānuka_honey
Fermented tea beverage
result of the 1970s craze in Japan. This craze died down amid warnings of kojic acid, reports of contamination in home-made cultures, and insufficient capabilities
Kombucha
Species of fungus
been shown to produce aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, cyclopiazonic acid, and kojic acid. A. pseudotamarii has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract
Aspergillus_pseudotamarii
Species of fungus
leporin A and leporin B. It has also been reported to produce antibiotic Y, kojic acid, and pseurotin. A. leporis has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract
Aspergillus_leporis
Species of fungus
aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, aspergillic acid, kojic acid, nominine, paspaline, pseurotin, and tenuazonic acid. A. nomius has been identified as the cause
Aspergillus_nomius
Naturally produced monosaccharide
2-ketogluconic acid, with Gluconobacter suboxydans for the production of 5-ketogluconic acid, with Aspergillus oryzae for the production of kojic acid, with Lactobacillus
Glucose
Medical condition
Mechanism of action seems to involve inhibition of melanin synthesis pathway Kojic acid (2%) OTC Alpha Arbutin 2–5% OTC Flutamide (1%) Chemical peels Microdermabrasion
Melasma
Overview article
public. These are mainly arbutin and kojic acid. Other ingredients include vitamin C derivatives and tranexamic acid. Several of these key components function
Light skin in Japanese culture
Light_skin_in_Japanese_culture
Species of fungus
sterigmatocystin, cyclopiazonic acid, kojic acid, β-nitropropionic acid, aspertoxin, aflatrem, gliotoxin, and aspergillic acid. In humans, A. flavus aflatoxin
Aspergillus_flavus
Chemical compound
available or under research, including azelaic acid, kojic acid, retinoids, cysteamine, topical steroids, glycolic acid, and other substances. One of these, 4-butylresorcinol
Hydroquinone
Species of fungus
aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, aspergillic acid, chrysogine, kojic acid, parasiticolide, and ditryphenaline. A. arachidicola has been
Aspergillus_arachidicola
Chemical compound
water and other polar solvents. Like related 3-hydroxy-4-pyrones such as kojic acid, it binds to hard metal centers such as Fe3+, Ga3+, Al3+, and VO2+. Related
Maltol
Substances applied to the body to change appearance or fragrance
skin types, such as tea tree oil, salicylic acid, or glycolic acid. Hyperpigmentation treatment: Kojic acid soap, cream, or powder, and Arbutin (a b-D-glucopyranoside
Cosmetics
Species of fungus
caelatus, producing aflatoxins B and G, as well as cyclopiazonic acid and kojic acid. A. pseudocaelatus has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract
Aspergillus_pseudocaelatus
Chemical process
industry, such as citric acid, sorbic acid, polyphosphates, hinokitiol, kojic acid, EDTA, porphyrins, polycarboxylic acids, different proteins. Some
Food_browning
sorbitol-citric acid complex Isatidine Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (Isoniazid) Isophosphamide Isopropanol Isopropyl oils Isosafrole Jacobine Kaempferol Kojic acid Lauroyl
IARC_group_3
Chemical compound
of 5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-methylpyrylium trifluoromethanesulfonate from Kojic acid". Organic Syntheses. 96: 494–510. Gilchrist, T. L. (1997). Heterocyclic
Pyrylium
Chemical compound
including maltol, meconic acid, kojic acid, and of the important class of the flavones. Pyrone 4-Pyridone Dehydroacetic acid 4H-Pyran-4-one at Sigma-Aldrich
4-Pyrone
Main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain
GABA, also known as gamma-aminobutyric acid or γ-aminobutyric acid, is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central
GABA
Chemical compound
Research. 71 (3): 445–451. doi:10.4067/S0718-58392011000300016. Đurović, Saša; Kojić, Ivan; Radić, Danka; Smyatskaya, Yulia A.; Bazarnova, Julia G.; Filip, Snežana;
Neochlorogenic_acid
Chemical compound
associated with different compounds such as vitamin C, niacinamide, kojic acid, glycolic acid or retinoids to enhance its effect. Still, phenylethyl resorcinol
Phenylethyl_resorcinol
Chemical compound
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), also known as 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter and a depressant drug. It is a precursor to
Γ-Hydroxybutyric_acid
Medical condition
treatment of discoloration includes topical hydroquinone, azelaic acid, and kojic acid. Laser therapies can be used to minimize the appearance of scars
Excoriated_acne
Species of fungus
G1, aflatoxin G2, aflatrem, aflavarin, aspirochlorin, cyclopiazonic acid, kojic acid, and paspaline. Frisvad, J.C.; Skouboe, P.; Samson, R.A. 2005. Taxonomic
Aspergillus parvisclerotigenus
Aspergillus_parvisclerotigenus
Species of fungus
ophiobolin H, ophiobolin K, evariquinone, 2-Furanoic acid, islandicin, isoemericellin, kojic acid, 2-Methoxy-6-(3,4-dihydroxy-hepta-1,5-dienyl)benzyl alcohol
Aspergillus_stellatus
Illness from eating spoiled or contaminated food
toxins in food and animal feed. Fusaric acid Fusarochromanone Kojic acid Lolitrem B Moniliformin 3-Nitropropionic acid Nivalenol Ochratoxins – In Australia
Foodborne_illness
Fungal plant disease on maize and teosinte
Bibcode:2007PlanC..19.2293M. doi:10.1105/tpc.107.052332. PMC 1955693. PMID 17616735. Kojic, M; Zhou, Q; Lisby, M; Holloman, WK (2006). "Rec2 interplay with both Brh2
Corn_smut
Species of fungus
livestock. A. parasiticus also has the ability to produce kojic acid, aspergillic acid, nitropropionic acid and aspertoxin as secondary antimicrobial metabolites
Aspergillus_parasiticus
Carboxylic acid – CH3(CH2)3COOH
Valeric acid or pentanoic acid is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)3COOH. Like other low-molecular-weight carboxylic
Valeric_acid
Particle with size less than 100 nm
oxidation or enzymatic treatment to promote breakup, or hydrolysed using acid.[citation needed] Another method to create nanoparticles is to turn a suitable
Nanoparticle
Chemical compound
radioiodine environments, one of three FDA radioprotectants stockpiled Kojic acid Hyaluronan Petkau effect "Onconova Therapeutics presents new data demonstrating
Ex-Rad
Level of ionizing radiation that organisms are able to withstand
Radiosensitivity Background radiation Radiation hormesis Radiotrophic fungus Kojic acid Sghaier, Haïtham; Ghedira, Kaïs; Benkahla, Alia; Barkallah, Insaf (2008)
Radioresistance
Enzyme for controlling the production of melanin
industry. Well known tyrosinase inhibitors include kojic acid, tropolone, coumarins, vanillic acid, vanillin, and vanillic alcohol. Lighter skin complexion
Tyrosinase
Molecule derived from tranexamic acid
differs from other hyperpigmentation actives, such as hydroquinone and kojic acid, which are toxic to melanocytes and thus lighten or bleach all skin to
Cetyl_tranexamate_mesylate
Aramwit, P. (2021). "Urea-extracted sericin is potentially better than kojic acid in the inhibition of melanogenesis through increased reactive oxygen species
Pornanong_Aramwit
Philippine noontime variety show
consolation prizes were sponsored by YSA botanica 2 in 1 skin soap with kojic acid. With six competitors in the monthly finals, the winner(s) will win ₱30
Happy_Yipee_Yehey!
Fungus of the genus Aspergillus
metabolites characteristic of mold fungi including kojic acid, 2-hydroxymethylfuran-5-carboxylic acid, and citric acid. Aspergillus wentii Wehmer is also capable
Aspergillus_wentii
Species of fungus
acetic acid. It can absorb and collect hydrocarbons from fuel oil, incorporate metaphosphate and synthesize ethylene, clavatol and kojic acid. It is also
Aspergillus_clavatus
Naturally occurring glutamate receptor agonist neurotoxin
Ibotenic acid, or ibotenate, also known as premuscimol or as (S)-2-amino-2-(3-hydroxyisoxazol-5-yl)acetic acid, is a naturally occurring α-amino acid found
Ibotenic_acid
Chemical compound
Hopantenic acid (homopantothenic acid), also known as N-pantoyl-GABA, is a central nervous system depressant. Formulated as the calcium salt, it is used
Hopantenic_acid
Modern uses of koji fungi as a protein and food ingredient
Metabolites: * Kojic Acid: A natural tyrosinase inhibitor used in skincare, produced via regulation of the AoGld3 gene. * L-Malic Acid: A food additive
Koji_protein
Species of fungus
different types of phoma toxins. Phoma glomerata has been reported to produce kojic acid and aflatoxin. P. glomerata possesses several unique characteristics,
Phoma_glomerata
Anticonvulsant drug
γ-Amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid (GABOB), also known as β-hydroxy-γ-aminobutyric acid (β-hydroxy-GABA), sold under the brand name Gamibetal among others
Γ-Amino-β-hydroxybutyric_acid
CNS depressant medication
medication is structurally related to the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and hence is a GABA analogue. Phenibut is thought to act as a GABAB
Phenibut
Chemical compound
γ-Hydroxyvaleric acid (GHV), also known as 4-methyl-GHB, is a designer drug related to γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). It is sometimes seen on the grey market
Γ-Hydroxyvaleric_acid
Naturally occurring sedative and hallucinogen
Muscimol, also known as agarin, pantherine, or pyroibotenic acid, is a GABAA receptor agonist with sedative and hallucinogenic effects and the principal
Muscimol
Pharmaceutical compound
Imidazoleacetic acid (also known as IAA, IMA, imidazole-4-acetic acid, or I4AA) is a naturally occurring endogenous metabolite of the neurotransmitter
Imidazoleacetic_acid
Pharmaceutical compound
Piperidine-4-sulfonic acid (P4S) is a synthetic GABAA receptor agonist and a cyclized analogue of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The
Piperidine-4-sulfonic_acid
Endogenous GABA precursor
N-Acetyl-γ-aminobutyric acid (N-acetyl-GABA), also known as N-acetyl-4-aminobutyric acid, is a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
N-Acetyl-γ-aminobutyric_acid
Pharmaceutical compound
Parkinson's disease. The drug is taken orally once per night. It is an amino acid (L-valine) ester prodrug of GHB, which itself acts as a GABAB and GHB receptor
Valiloxybate
Amino acid
an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Its side chain is similar to that of glutamic acid, except the carboxylic acid group is replaced
Glutamine
Chemical compound
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. In humans, GBL acts as a prodrug for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and is often used as a recreational drug. GHB acts as a central nervous
Γ-Butyrolactone
Chemical compound
hydrochloride, is a derivative of glutamic acid (glutamate) which was developed in Russia and is related to the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative phenibut (3-phenyl-GABA)
Glufimet
Pharmaceutical compound
Isonipecotic acid, also known as piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (P4C), is a conformationally constrained derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and a
Isonipecotic_acid
Chemical compound
3-Aminopropylphosphinic acid, also known in the literature as 3-APPA or CGP 27492, is a compound used in scientific research which acts as an agonist at
3-APPA
Chemical compound
Isovaline is a rare amino acid found in the Murchison meteorite, which landed in Australia in 1969. The discovery of isovaline in the biosphere demonstrates
Isovaline
Chemical compound
Aminooxyacetic acid, often abbreviated AOA or AOAA, is a compound that inhibits 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA-T) activity in vitro and in vivo
Aminooxyacetic_acid
Chemical compound
known as tramiprosate (INN), 3-amino-1-propanesulfonic acid, or 3-APS, is a natural sulfonic acid found in seaweed. It is analogous to taurine, but with
Homotaurine
Group of antibiotics derived from fungi
phenoxyacetic acid are added to the culture medium, the mould produces penicillin V as the main penicillin instead. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) is a
Penicillin
Chemical compound
Aceburic acid (INN), also known as 4-acetoxybutanoic acid or 4-hydroxybutyric acid acetate, is a drug described as an analgesic which was never marketed
Aceburic_acid
Pharmaceutical compound
of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Along with GABA and progabide acid (SL-75.102), gabamide is an active metabolite of the
Gabamide
Chemical compound
(Z)-4-Amino-2-butenoic acid (cis-4-aminocrotonic acid) is a GABA receptor partial agonist selective for the GABAA-ρ (previously known as GABAC) subtype
(Z)-4-Amino-2-butenoic_acid
Class of drugs
anxiolytics. Butyric acid (butanoic acid) – histone deacetylase inhibitor and full agonist of free fatty acid receptor 2, free fatty acid receptor 3, and niacin
GABA_analogue
Protein-coding gene in humans
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABRA1 gene. GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
Gamma-aminobutyric_acid_receptor_subunit_alpha-1
Chemical compound
sugars using acid catalysts. The resulting glucose can then be dehydrated via hydroxymethylfurfural to yield formic acid and levulinic acid, which cyclises
Γ-Valerolactone
Class of transport proteins
ion channels responsible for mediating the effects of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. The GABAA-ρ receptor
GABAA-rho_receptor
Chemical compound
(1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid (TPMPA) is a GABA antagonist selective for the GABAA-ρ (previously known as GABAC) subtype. Li, Shifeng;
(1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid
(1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic_acid
Pharmaceutical compound
or CEGABA, also known as hexadecyl 4-aminobutanoate or as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) cetyl ester, is a GABA receptor agonist which has been used in scientific
Cetyl-GABA
Chemical compound
is a drug formed by a synthetic combination of niacin and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It was developed in the Soviet Union in 1969 and further studied
Picamilon
Pharmaceutical compound
agonist and derivative of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is said to be a lipophilic prodrug of GABA that in contrast to
N-Benzoyl-GABA
Chemical compound
(+)-cis-2-Aminomethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid ((+)-CAMP) is an agonist for the GABAA-rho receptor. "AC1LT400 - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound
(+)-cis-2-Aminomethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid
(+)-cis-2-Aminomethylcyclopropane_carboxylic_acid
Chemical compound
studies, presumably due to this GDC-inhibiting activity. 3-Mercaptopropionic acid Piepho, R. W; Friedman, A. H (1977). "Chronopharmacology of Strychnine and
Allylglycine
Explosive chemical compound
cheap nitration agent, called "mixed acid", cannot be used for RDX synthesis because concentrated sulfuric acid used to stimulate the nitronium ion formation
RDX
Antibiotic
all fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin is a fluorinated quinolone carboxylic acid. It is a chiral molecule and the pure (−)-(S)-enantiomer of the racemic drug
Levofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone antibiotic
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. Its empirical formula is C17H18FN3O3 and its molecular weight is 331.4 g/mol
Ciprofloxacin
GABAB receptor agonist and phenibut analogue
(developmental code name CGP-11130; also known as β-(4-fluorophenyl)-γ-aminobutyric acid or β-(4-fluorophenyl)-GABA) is a GABAB receptor agonist which was never marketed
4-Fluorophenibut
Hallucinogenic drug
major signaling receptor of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The mechanism of action of GABAA receptor agonists is unlike that
GABAA_receptor_agonist
Drug Class
Redl (April 2002). "Tranexamic Acid, a Widely Used Antifibrinolytic Agent, Causes Convulsions by a γ-Aminobutyric AcidA Receptor Antagonistic Effect"
GABA_receptor_antagonist
Chemical compounds that regulate plant growth and development
University Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-521-33076-3. Tomic S, Gabdoulline RR, Kojic-Prodic B, Wade RC (1998). "Classification of auxin related compounds based
Plant_hormone
One of four stable isomers of butanediol
HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH. It is a colorless viscous liquid first synthesized in 1890 via acidic hydrolysis of N,N'-dinitro-1,4-butanediamine by Dutch chemist Pieter Johannes
1,4-Butanediol
Chemical compound
Progabide acid, also known as SL-75.102, is a GABA receptor agonist and an active metabolite of the anticonvulsant drug progabide. Bergmann KJ (1985).
SL-75102
Ionotropic receptor and ligand-gated ion channel
(i.e., ligand-gated ion channel). Its endogenous ligand is γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system
GABAA_receptor
Protein-coding gene in humans
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABRA3 gene. GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABRA3
Medication to treat symptoms of narcolepsy
withdrawal syndrome. Sodium oxybate is the sodium salt of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). The clinical trials for narcolepsy were conducted just as abuse of
Sodium_oxybate
Protein in humans
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the GABRA2 gene. GABRA2 is an alpha subunit that is part of
GABRA2
Sanchez-Carrera, R. S.; Lohmann, T.; Kozinsky, B.; Liedtke, R.; Ahmed, J.; Kojic, A. (2012). "A Critical Review of Li–Air Batteries". Journal of the Electrochemical
List of unsolved problems in chemistry
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_chemistry
Organic compound and GABA analogue and precursor
acid (GABA). Its formula is H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2OH. It is a colorless liquid. The structural relation of 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) to γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)
4-Amino-1-butanol
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