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Phenomenon of non-ideal fluids changing temperature
In thermodynamics, the Joule–Thomson effect (also known as the Joule–Kelvin effect or Kelvin–Joule effect) describes the temperature change of a real gas
Joule–Thomson_effect
Physical effects characterized by James Prescott Joule
Joule effect and Joule's law are any of several different physical effects discovered or characterized by English physicist James Prescott Joule. These
Joule_effect
The Gough–Joule effect (a.k.a. Gow–Joule effect) is originally the tendency of elastomers to contract when heated if they are under tension. Elastomers
Gough–Joule_effect
English physicist (1818–1889)
James Prescott Joule (/dʒuːl/; 24 December 1818 – 11 October 1889) was an English physicist. Joule studied the nature of heat and discovered its relationship
James_Prescott_Joule
Direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa
Joule heating, the heat that is generated whenever a current is passed through a conductive material, is not generally termed a thermoelectric effect
Thermoelectric_effect
Heat from a current in an electric conductor
Joule heating affects the whole electric conductor, unlike the Peltier effect which transfers heat from one electrical junction to another. Joule-heating
Joule_heating
British physicist, engineer and mathematician (1824–1907)
approximately −273.15 degrees Celsius or −459.67 degrees Fahrenheit. The Joule–Thomson effect is also named in his honour. Kelvin worked closely with the mathematics
Lord_Kelvin
American carbon black scientist (1889–1976)
based on the Gough-Joule effect. Later in his career, he studied carbon black's reinforcing effect on rubber, and proposed that the effect arises due to forces
William_B._Wiegand
1925 Frederick Keyes and Francis Sears published measurements of the Joule effect for carbon dioxide at T 1 {\displaystyle T_{1}} = 30 °C, P 1 {\displaystyle
Internal_pressure
Electromagnetic effect in physics
The Hall effect is the production of a potential difference, across an electrical conductor, that is transverse to an electric current in the conductor
Hall_effect
Heat treatment that alters the properties of a material
potential across them, which causes the wire to form a short circuit. The Joule effect causes the temperature of the wire to rise to approximately 400 °C. This
Annealing_(materials_science)
constant, effect, junction – Brian David Josephson Joule's law (a.k.a. Joule–Lenz law) – James Prescott Joule and Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz Joule–Thomson
Scientific phenomena named after people
Scientific_phenomena_named_after_people
DC-DC voltage step-down power converter
a resistive element, the average conduction loss is described by the Joule effect: P cond = I RMS 2 R {\displaystyle P_{\text{cond}}=I_{\text{RMS}}^{2}R}
Buck_converter
Amount of charge flowing through a unit cross-sectional area per unit time
raises the following problems: The Joule effect which increases the temperature of the component. The electromigration effect which will erode the interconnection
Current_density
Irreversible thermodynamic process in which a volume of gas expands into a vacuum
The Joule expansion (a subset of free expansion) is an irreversible process in thermodynamics in which a volume of gas is kept in one side of a thermally
Joule_expansion
Atmospheric heat retention
The greenhouse effect occurs when heat-trapping gases in a planet's atmosphere prevent the planet from losing heat to space, raising its surface temperature
Greenhouse_effect
material. The first person to identify a magnetomechanical effect was James Prescott Joule in 1842. Magnetomechanical effects connect magnetic, mechanical
Magnetomechanical_effect
Mechanical, toroid gasket that seals an interface
mounted in a tangentially compressed state, to compensate for the Gow-Joule effect. O-rings come in a variety of sizes. Society of Automotive Engineers
O-ring
Blind English natural and experimental philosopher (1757–1825)
specifically referred to Gough's earlier studies. The effect eventually became known as the Gough–Joule effect. Gough's most substantive enquiry was "An investigation
John Gough (natural philosopher)
John_Gough_(natural_philosopher)
Type of electric resistance welding
robot-welding.com Archived January 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Joule effect, see Joule's laws US Patent 4456810, Adaptive Schedule Selective Weld Control
Spot_welding
Potential energy that results from conservative Coulomb forces
Electric potential energy is a potential energy (measured in joules) that results from conservative Coulomb forces and is associated with the configuration
Electric_potential_energy
Reduced pressure caused by a flow restriction in a tube or pipe
in southern France increases in speed through the Rhone valley. Joule–Thomson effect Venturi flume Parshall flume Nasr, G. G.; Connor, N. E. (2014). "5
Venturi_effect
Decentralised electricity generation
transmission losses on long distance power lines or energy losses from the Joule effect in transformers where in general 8-15% of the energy is lost (see also
Distributed_generation
Expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor
In condensed-matter physics, the Meissner effect (or Meissner–Ochsenfeld effect) is the expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor during its
Meissner_effect
Type of energy transfer
(SI), the unit of measurement for heat is the joule (J). As a form of energy, heat has the unit joule (J) in the International System of Units (SI).
Heat
Electromagnet made from coils of superconducting wire
heater is nothing more than a small resistive element that warms up by Joule effect; in practice, it must be powered by an external current-controlled supply
Superconducting_magnet
Thin semiconductors
very high carrier mobility, and accompanying lower losses through the Joule effect. But graphene has zero bandgap, which results in a disqualifyingly low
Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
Transition_metal_dichalcogenide_monolayers
Charge transfer due to contact or sliding
The triboelectric effect (also known as triboelectricity, triboelectric charging, triboelectrification, or tribocharging) describes electric charge transfer
Triboelectric_effect
Instrument for measuring heat
carefully. For Calvet-type calorimeters, a specific calibration, so called Joule effect or electrical calibration, has been developed to overcome all the problems
Calorimeter
Opposition to the passage of an electric current
heating the resistor in the process. This is called Joule heating (after James Prescott Joule), also called ohmic heating or resistive heating. The
Electrical resistance and conductance
Electrical_resistance_and_conductance
Applies an electric current to heat or cool materials
application is cooling since heating can be achieved with simpler devices (with Joule heating). Thermoelectric temperature control heats or cools materials by
Thermoelectric_heat_pump
Property of materials that causes them to change their shape during magnetization
strain until reaching its saturation value, λ. The effect was first identified in 1842 by James Joule when observing a sample of iron. Magnetostriction
Magnetostriction
resistor because of its resistivity. It will heat up homogeneously by the Joule effect until it reaches its melting temperature, beyond which it becomes sufficiently
Electroshapable_material
Flow of electric charge
generators, inductors, and transformers. In ordinary conductors, they cause Joule heating, which creates light in incandescent light bulbs. Time-varying currents
Electric_current
SI derived unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation
the International System of Units (SI), defined as the absorption of one joule of radiation energy per kilogram of matter. It is used as a unit of the
Gray_(unit)
work piece does not lose heat to the atmosphere Heat created by the Joule effect is neglected Rosenthal's solution has been shown to agree well with measured
Moving heat source model for thin plates
Moving_heat_source_model_for_thin_plates
Type of spacecraft maneuver
a mass of 2 kg: the rocket travelling at 1 metre per second has 12 = 1 joule of kinetic energy; increasing its velocity by 1 m/s increases the kinetic
Oberth_effect
Energy loss due to wiring resistance
loss. Copper losses result from Joule heating and so are also referred to as "I squared R losses", in reference to Joule's First Law. This states that the
Copper_loss
increase if the temperature increases. Thus the Joule heating amplifies a change in temperature, an effect known as positive electrothermal feedback. The
Electrothermal_feedback
SI unit of temperature
experiments in coordination with Joule, eventually concluding by 1854 that Joule's formula was correct and the effect of temperature on the density of
Kelvin
Italian physicist (1874–1968)
possess a high specific resistance and a feeble Peltier-effect. With the present method, the Joule effect only slightly affects the phenomenon under consideration
Paolo_Straneo
Small-scale heating and electric power creation
transportation losses on long distance power lines or energy losses from the Joule effect in transformers where in general 8–15% of the energy is lost. In the
Microgeneration_(energy)
Phenomena related to electric charge
1833. Current through a resistance causes localised heating, an effect James Prescott Joule studied mathematically in 1840. One of the most important discoveries
Electricity
Electrical conductivity with exactly zero resistance
constantly being dissipated. This is the phenomenon of electrical resistance and Joule heating. The situation is different in a superconductor. In a conventional
Superconductivity
Type of episodic heating event
particle kinetic energy (heating); this could be via current dissipation, Joule effect, or any of several non-thermal plasma effects. Theoretical work often
Nanoflare
Hexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
laser-induced graphene fibers (LIGF), was reported in 2018. In 2019, flash Joule heating (transient high-temperature electrothermal heating) was discovered
Graphene
Harmful high-frequency radiation
ranked the known radioactive emissions in descending order of ionizing effect in 1899. The symbol is α or α2+. Because they are identical to helium nuclei
Ionizing_radiation
Temperature change of a material under an electric field
High-Efficiency Refrigeration". Joule. 3 (5): 1200–1225. Bibcode:2019Joule...3.1200S. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.03.021. Sinyavsky, Y. V.; Pashkov
Electrocaloric_effect
Thermodynamic cycle
The Brayton cycle, also known as the Joule cycle, is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the operation of certain heat engines that have air or some
Brayton_cycle
Device for regulating coffee temperature
Coffee Joulies are small, stainless-steel capsules containing a phase-change material; the capsules were designed to be placed in a cup of coffee in order
Coffee_Joulies
British physician, health administrator and health campaigner
Horace Joules LRCP, MRCP, MRCS, FRCP (21 March 1902 – 25 January 1977) was a British physician, health administrator and health campaigner, who played
Horace_Joules
Thermal effect of field emission
flux from the Nottingham effect switches from heating to cooling the cathode. Along with Joule heating, the Nottingham effect contributes to the thermal
Nottingham_effect
Turning force around an axis
newton-metre. Even though torque has the same dimension as energy (SI unit joule), the joule is never used for expressing torque." "SI brochure Ed. 9, Section
Torque
Münzenberg Gottfried Osann Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Gotthilf Hagen Gough–Joule effect Gouy balance Gowdy solution Gowin Knight Goéry Delacôte Graded-index
Index_of_physics_articles_(G)
Kelvin, a unit of measure for color temperature Kelvin balance Joule–Thomson effect Joule–Thomson (Kelvin) coefficient Kelvin's circulation theorem Kelvin–Helmholtz
List of things named after Lord Kelvin
List_of_things_named_after_Lord_Kelvin
Imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material
static electricity discharge may vary over a wide range. The energy in joules can be calculated from the capacitance (C) of the object and the static
Static_electricity
Study of still or slow electric charges
points r i {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} _{i}} . This potential energy (in Joules) is: U E single = q ϕ ( r ) = q 4 π ε 0 ∑ i = 1 N Q i ‖ R i ‖ {\displaystyle
Electrostatics
Device to couple energy between circuits
magnetic effects in the transformer core, and Eddy current losses due to joule heating in the core that are proportional to the square of the transformer's
Transformer
(stock market) Janus effect (effects) (sociology) Johnsen–Rahbek effect (classical mechanics) (electrical engineering) Joule–Thomson effect (thermodynamics)
List_of_effects
Measurement of electromagnetic radiation
to report the radiant energy emitted into the surrounding environment (joule per square metre, J/m2) during that time period. This integrated solar irradiance
Solar_irradiance
Energy per volume
permittivity and permeability of the surroundings respectively. The SI unit is the joule per cubic metre. In ideal (linear and nondispersive) substances, the energy
Energy_density
SI base unit of electric current
(A = C/s) to the coulomb (C) is the same as that of the watt (W = J/s) to the joule (J). The international system of units (SI) is based on seven SI base units
Ampere
Device that converts electricity into heat
passage of electric current through a resistor through a process known as Joule heating. Heating elements are used in household appliances, industrial equipment
Heating_element
Liquid state of nitrogen
to expand to a low pressure. The expanding air cools greatly (the Joule–Thomson effect), and oxygen, nitrogen, and argon are separated by further stages
Liquid_nitrogen
2014 video game
bosses, when one of her halves is killed before the other. Speaking to Joule in Gunvolt's apartment in between stages also increases the chance of being
Azure_Striker_Gunvolt
Japanese singer and model (born 1991)
and the Haunted Hot Springs. She released her first "best of" album Luna Joule on November 7, 2018: it included an orchestra version of "Overfly", which
Luna_Haruna
Concept in thermodynamics
a temperature increase. This temperature change is known as the Joule–Thomson effect, and is exploited in the liquefaction of gases. Inversion temperature
Inversion_temperature
Topics referred to by the same term
heat-induced expansion and contraction of construction materials Joule–Thomson effect or Joule–Thomson expansion, the decrease in temperature of a gas when
Expansion
South African ophthalmologist and biomedical engineering inventor
cataract surgery by developing a cryoprobe that was cooled through the Joule-Thomson effect of gas expansion. His system is still widely used in the fields of
Percy_Amoils
Protects electrical devices from voltage spikes
voltage, or the transient voltage at which the device starts functioning, the joule rating, a measure of how much energy can be absorbed per surge, and the
Surge_protector
System that transfers heat from one space to another
coefficient of performance is 28. This means 1 joule of work delivers 28 joules of heat to the interior. The one joule of work ultimately ends up as thermal energy
Heat_pump
Physical constant relating particle kinetic energy with temperature
Boltzmann constant is defined to be exactly 1.380649×10−23 joules per kelvin, with the effect of defining the SI unit kelvin. IUPAC definition Boltzmann
Boltzmann_constant
Computer energy efficiency
operations/watt-second. Since a watt is one joule/second, then performance per watt can also be written as operations/joule. FLOPS per watt is a common measure
Performance_per_watt
Hypothetical type of nuclear reaction
al. 1989 1 W = 1 J/s ; 1 J = 6.242 × 1018 eV since 1 eV = 1.602 × 10−19 joule Sixth criterion of Langmuir: "During the course of the controversy the ratio
Cold_fusion
French physicist (1785–1845)
generated at the junction is not determined by the Peltier effect alone, being influenced by Joule heating and thermal gradient effects. The Peltier coefficients
Jean_Charles_Athanase_Peltier
Meteorological optical phenomenon
fog, or at distant cumulus clouds), are not understood. James Prescott Joule has been attributed with explaining the sunset green flash phenomenon in
Green_flash
Difference in electric potential between two points in space
of energy. The SI unit of work per unit charge is the joule per coulomb, where 1 volt = 1 joule (of work) per 1 coulomb of charge. The old SI definition
Voltage
SI derived unit of voltage
it is the potential difference between two points that will impart one joule of energy per coulomb of charge that passes through it. It can be expressed
Volt
Speed of sound wave through elastic medium
zT in thermoelectric semiconductors". Joule. 5 (5): 1168–1182. Bibcode:2021Joule...5.1168S. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2021.03.009. S2CID 233598665. Borg, Jack
Speed_of_sound
Measure of energy in a thermodynamic system
Howard (2002), p. 697. Dalton, J.P. (1909). "Researches on the Joule–Kelvin effect, especially at low temperatures. I. Calculations for hydrogen" (PDF)
Enthalpy
Chemical process in the liquefaction of gas
reduce its temperature, the Hampson–Linde cycle relies solely on the Joule–Thomson effect; this has the advantage that the cold side of the cooling apparatus
Hampson–Linde_cycle
Type of energy transfer
Units (SI), work is measured in joules (symbol J). The rate at which work is performed is power, measured in joules per second, and denoted with the
Work_(thermodynamics)
Amount of energy deposited in matter by ionizing radiation
the effect of radiation on inanimate matter such as in radiation hardening. The SI unit of measure is the gray (Gy), which is defined as one joule of energy
Absorbed_dose
Heat exchanged by a body or thermodynamic system
Press, Oxford, ISBN 0-19-851142-6, page 11. J. P. Joule (1884), The Scientific Paper of James Prescott Joule, The Physical Society of London, p. 274, I am
Sensible_heat
Kosonocky, S.V.; Immediato, M.; Knebel, D.; Haen, A.-M. (June 2003). "A pico-joule class, 1 GHZ, 32 KByte×64 b DSP SRAM with self reverse bias". 2003 Symposium
Field-effect_tetrode
Elevated temperature in an electric circuit
fuse is a common type of circuit breaker that involves the direct effect of Joule heating. A fuse is always placed in series with the path of current
Overheating_(electricity)
Physical constant in quantum mechanics
They contributed greatly (along with Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect) in convincing physicists that Planck's postulate of quantized energy levels
Planck_constant
Amount of light captured by a camera
spectral sensitivity, the exposure is still measured in radiometric units (joules per square meter), rather than photometric units (weighted by the nominal
Exposure_(photography)
Basic law of electromagnetism
current. Initial experiments revealed that a static magnetic field had no effect on a nearby circuit: simply placing a magnet near a wire loop produced no
Faraday's_law_of_induction
Loops of electric current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field
transform some forms of energy, such as kinetic energy, into heat. This Joule heating reduces efficiency of iron-core transformers and electric motors
Eddy_current
Electromagnetic equations describing superconductors
major triumph of the equations is their ability to explain the Meissner effect, wherein a material exponentially expels all internal magnetic fields as
London_equations
Law of electrical current and voltage
to prevent Joule heating. However, even a small current causes heating(cooling) at the first(second) sample contact due to the Peltier effect. The temperatures
Ohm's_law
Unit of energy
1994. United Kingdom regulations were amended to replace therms with joules with effect from 1 January 2000. As of 2013[update] the therm was still used in
British_thermal_unit
Derived SI unit of equivalent dose of ionizing radiation
H—equivalent dose 1 Sv = 1 joule/kilogram—a biological effect. The sievert represents the equivalent biological effect of the deposit of a joule of radiation energy
Sievert
In microscopy, scanning joule expansion microscopy (SJEM) is a form of scanning probe microscopy heavily based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) that maps
Scanning joule expansion microscopy
Scanning_joule_expansion_microscopy
DC-to-DC power converter with an output voltage greater than its input voltage
is used as the voltage increase mechanism in the circuit known as the "Joule thief", based on blocking oscillator concepts. This circuit topology is
Boost_converter
Form of electromagnetic radiation
Climate Change through Radiative Cooling". Joule. 3 (9): 2057–2060. Bibcode:2019Joule...3.2057M. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.07.010. S2CID 201590290. By covering
Infrared
Phenomena involving electrical occurrences
heating — Heat produced in a conductor when eddy currents pass through it. Joule heating — Heat produced in a conductor when charges move through it, such
List_of_electrical_phenomena
Field-effect transistor made from carbon nanotubes
A carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET) is a field-effect transistor that utilizes a single carbon nanotube (CNT) or an array of carbon nanotubes
Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor
Carbon_nanotube_field-effect_transistor
Theoretical upper limit on the energy of cosmic ray protons
5×1019 eV, or about 8 joules (the energy of a proton traveling extremely near the speed of light). The limit is set by the slowing effect of interactions of
Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin_limit
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