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Hypothetical wave source which radiates equally in all directions
An isotropic radiator is a theoretical point source of waves that radiates the same intensity of radiation in all directions. It may be based on sound
Isotropic_radiator
Definition of directional radio frequency power
theoretical isotropic antenna. Since a half-wave dipole antenna has a gain of about 1.64 (or about 2.15 dB) compared to an isotropic radiator, if ERP and
Effective_radiated_power
Telecommunications performance metric
accepted by the antenna were isotropically radiated". Usually this ratio is expressed in decibels with respect to an isotropic radiator (dBi). An alternative
Gain_(antenna)
Antenna constructions for different applications
antennas are. Isotropic antenna The last section is for a unique type of "fake" antenna, called an isotropic antenna or isotropic radiator. It is a convenient
Antenna_types
Antenna consisting of two rod-shaped conductors
test at a particular distance to. While there is no such thing as an isotropic radiator, the half-wave dipole is well understood and behaved, and can be constructed
Dipole_antenna
Measure of how much of an antenna's signal is transmitted in one direction
over all directions. Therefore, the directivity of a hypothetical isotropic radiator, a source of electromagnetic waves which radiates the same power in
Directivity
Formula in telecommunications engineering of antenna performance
r {\displaystyle G_{r}} are the antenna gains (with respect to an isotropic radiator) of the transmitting and receiving antennas respectively, λ {\displaystyle
Friis_transmission_equation
Physical law
power radiated from a point source (for example, an omnidirectional isotropic radiator). At large distances from the source (compared to the size of the
Inverse-square_law
Device that transmits and receives radio waves
directions (vertical as well as all horizontal angles) is called an isotropic radiator; however, exact uniformity cannot be accomplished in practical antennas
Antenna_(radio)
Path loss of radio transmitted through air or vacuum
IEEE Std 145-1993, defines free-space loss as "The loss between two isotropic radiators in free space, expressed as a power ratio." Free-space path loss
Free-space_path_loss
Radio antenna which has greater performance in specific alignments
100 times stronger (compared to an isotropic radiator) will also capture 100 times as much energy as the isotropic antenna when used as a receiving antenna
Directional_antenna
Rectangular two-element array antenna
with slightly less than half of the rectangle being the driven element (radiator) and the other part (slightly more than half) being the reflector. It is
Moxon_antenna
the noise environment around the array is isotropic and the array input signal is from an isotropic radiator, then array gain is equal to gain defined
Array_gain
Type of radio-wave propagation
v t e Antenna types Isotropic Isotropic radiator Omnidirectional Batwing antenna Biconical antenna Cage aerial Coaxial antenna Crossed field antenna Dielectric
Near vertical incidence skywave
Near_vertical_incidence_skywave
Surface on an antenna in electromagnetics
,f)\,F_{\nu }(f)\,d\Omega \,df.} Since we have assumed an isotropic radiator, Aeff is independent of angle, so the integration over solid angles
Aperture_(antenna)
Family of wireless network protocols
gain rating (dBi) indicates deviation from a theoretical, perfect isotropic radiator toward a directional antenna, and therefore the antenna can project
Wi-Fi
Accounting of signal gains and losses in communications
medium. Antenna gain-to-noise-temperature Friis transmission equation Isotropic radiator Multipath propagation Optical power budget Radiation pattern RF planning
Link_budget
Non-commercial use of the radio spectrum
v t e Antenna types Isotropic Isotropic radiator Omnidirectional Batwing antenna Biconical antenna Cage aerial Coaxial antenna Crossed field antenna Dielectric
Amateur_radio
Shortwave antenna
v t e Antenna types Isotropic Isotropic radiator Omnidirectional Batwing antenna Biconical antenna Cage aerial Coaxial antenna Crossed field antenna Dielectric
Isotron
Type of radio antenna
than the original spring antenna. Amateur radio Balun Driven element Isotropic radiator Omnidirectional antenna Shortwave listening Whip antenna Johnson,
Rubber_ducky_antenna
Function in the theory of antennas
far-field radiation pattern obtained for an array of N {\displaystyle N} isotropic radiators located at coordinates r → n {\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{n}} , as
Array_factor
v t e Antenna types Isotropic Isotropic radiator Omnidirectional Batwing antenna Biconical antenna Cage aerial Coaxial antenna Crossed field antenna Dielectric
Sloper_antenna
Optical Phenomenon
intensity from an ideal diffusely reflecting surface or ideal diffuse radiator is directly proportional to the cosine of the angle θ between the observer's
Lambert's_cosine_law
Dipole antenna optimized for operation in the High Frequency bands
v t e Antenna types Isotropic Isotropic radiator Omnidirectional Batwing antenna Biconical antenna Cage aerial Coaxial antenna Crossed field antenna Dielectric
G5RV_antenna
Idealized physical body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation
per unit area perpendicular to the direction, the energy is radiated isotropically, independent of direction. Real materials emit energy at a fraction—called
Black_body
Measurement device used in telecommunications
space, the electric field strength produced by a transmitter with an isotropic radiator is readily calculated. E ≈ 30 ⋅ P d {\displaystyle {\mbox{E}}\approx
Field_strength_meter
Spectral density of light emitted by a black body
equivalents, or fractional frequency or wavelength). Since the radiance is isotropic (i.e. independent of direction), the power emitted at an angle to the
Planck's_law
Radio antenna that sends signals in every direction
Mast radiator antenna of AM radio station Whip antenna on a walkie-talkie In radio communication, an omnidirectional antenna is a class of antenna which
Omnidirectional_antenna
ratio Isotopic shift Isotopically pure diamond Isotropic coordinates Isotropic radiation Isotropic radiator Isovector Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Index_of_physics_articles_(I)
Substance-specific relation between two physical quantities
requirements, constraints, and definitions of terms like "material", "isotropic", "aeolotropic", etc. The class of "constitutive relations" of the form
Constitutive_equation
Physical model of propagating energy
will be interference consistent with wave properties. In homogeneous, isotropic media, electromagnetic radiation is a transverse wave, meaning that its
Electromagnetic_radiation
intermediate filaments with randomly distributed orientations, allowing for the isotropic character of the material. The purpose of the matrix is to act as a viscoelastic
Toco_toucan_beak
Electrically conductive paper
potential and other scalar fields. Teledeltos provides a sheet of uniform isotropic resistivity. As it is inexpensive and easily cut to shape, it may be used
Teledeltos
Concept of collecting solar power in outer space and distributing it to Earth
demonstrated beaming power to earth in 2023. MAPLE transmitted an effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 3.2 watts (+35 dBm), far below the kilowatts
Space-based_solar_power
Regions of an electromagnetic field
is the far field. In general, the fields of a source in a homogeneous isotropic medium can be written as a multipole expansion. The terms in this expansion
Near_and_far_field
Directional variation in strength of radio waves
radiates coherently equally in all directions, although such a hypothetical isotropic antenna is used as a reference to calculate antenna gain. The simplest
Radiation_pattern
Machine to increase pressure of gas by reducing its volume
performance can be compared to the actual performance of the machine. Isotropic Compression as used in ASME PTC 10 Code refers to a reversible, adiabatic
Compressor
German physicist (1858–1947)
isotroper Körper in verschiedenen Temperaturen (Equilibrium states of isotropic bodies at different temperatures). In 1880, Planck became a Privatdozent
Max_Planck
Lowest possible energy of a quantum system or field
inflation explains why the Universe appears to be the same in all directions (isotropic), why the cosmic microwave background radiation is distributed evenly
Zero-point_energy
System of stars and interstellar matter
Above this scale, the universe appears to be the same in all directions (isotropic and homogeneous), though this notion has been challenged in recent years
Galaxy
– Effective height – Effective input noise temperature – Effective isotropically radiated power – Effective monopole radiated power – Effective radiated
Index_of_electronics_articles
Spectral line splitting in electrical field
electric fields are considered), the polarizability tensor of atoms is isotropic, α i j ≡ α 0 δ i j ⟹ E ( 2 ) = − 1 2 α 0 F 2 . {\displaystyle \alpha _{ij}\equiv
Stark_effect
American physicist (born 1925)
Reciprocity Calibration in the Near Field (1961) Near Field of a Shaded Radiator (1961) Vibrations of Longitudinally Polarized Ferroelectric Cylindrical
Gordon_Eugene_Martin
Type of nuclear reactor cooled by molten material
primary loop, rather than a single helium loop. It relies on tristructural-isotropic (TRISO) fuel dispersed in graphite. Early AHTR research focused on graphite
Molten-salt_reactor
using the same frequencies. Mobile phones are limited to an effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) output of 3 watts, and the network continuously
Wireless device radiation and health
Wireless_device_radiation_and_health
Device that emites acoustic radiation
holes are assumed to be parabolic and isotropic. Also phonon dispersion law is required to be linear and isotropic too. Since the entire system is electro-neutral
Sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Sound_amplification_by_stimulated_emission_of_radiation
Water located beneath the ground surface
versus unsaturated, aquifers versus aquitards, confined versus unconfined, isotropic versus anisotropic, and porous, karst, fractured, or transboundary. The
Groundwater
in watts G {\displaystyle G\,\!} is the antenna gain over isotropic (omnidirectional) radiator λ {\displaystyle \lambda \,\!} is the wavelength in meters
AN/FPS-17
Class of antennas
researched include cavity resonators, waveguides, scatters and antennas (radiators). By integrating dynamic elements, such as liquid crystals, into their
Metamaterial_antenna
"The field and radiation impedance of mechanical radiators on the free surface of a semi-infinite isotropic solid". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
Anchor_losses
ISOTROPIC RADIATOR
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a.
Alt. of Anisotropic
a.
Relating to, or showing, geotropism.
a.
Having or indicating, equal tones, or tension.
a.
Of equal value.
n.
That which radiates or emits rays, whether of light or heat; especially, that part of a heating apparatus from which the heat is radiated or diffused; as, a steam radiator.
a.
Not isotropic; having different properties in different directions; thus, crystals of the isometric system are optically isotropic, but all other crystals are anisotropic.
a.
Having equal entropy.
n.
Isotropy.
a.
Isotropic.
n.
Uniformity of physical properties in all directions in a body; absence of all kinds of polarity; specifically, equal elasticity in all directions.
a.
Having the same properties in all directions; specifically, equally elastic in all directions.
n.
A sheet iron radiator, often in the shape of a drum, for warming an apartment by means of heat received from a stovepipe, or a cylindrical receiver for steam, etc.
a.
Anisotropic.
a.
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from atropine, and isomeric with cinnamic acid.
a.
Exhibiting differences of quality or property in different directions; not isotropic.