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Topics referred to by the same term
Nominal impedance, approximate designed impedance Impedance matching, the adjustment of input impedance and output impedance Mechanical impedance, a measure
Impedance
Opposition of a circuit to a current when a voltage is applied
In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a circuit
Electrical_impedance
Adjusting input/output impedances of an electrical circuit for some purpose
electrical engineering, impedance matching is the practice of designing or adjusting the input impedance or output impedance of an electrical device for
Impedance_matching
Graphical calculator used in electrical engineering
and impedance-matching problems. It plots a complex reflection coefficient ( Γ {\displaystyle \Gamma } ) on a grid of normalized electrical impedance (
Smith_chart
Property of an electrical circuit
The characteristic impedance or surge impedance (usually written Z0) of a uniform transmission line is the ratio of the amplitudes of voltage and current
Characteristic_impedance
Controlling a mechanism's output force in response to input motion
Impedance control is an approach to dynamic control relating force and position. It is often used in applications where a manipulator interacts with its
Impedance_control
Relationship between harmonic force and velocity
Mechanical impedance is a measure of how much a structure resists motion when subjected to a harmonic force. It relates forces with velocities acting
Mechanical_impedance
Load measures the source's voltage without affecting it
high impedance bridging, voltage bridging, or simply bridging connection is one in which the load impedance is much larger than the source impedance. The
Impedance_bridging
Constant related to electromagnetic wave propagation in a medium
The wave impedance of an electromagnetic wave is the ratio of the transverse components of the electric and magnetic fields (the transverse components
Wave_impedance
Device that transmits and receives radio waves
desired matching impedance might not exactly correspond to the dynamic output impedance of the transmitter as analyzed as a source impedance but rather the
Antenna_(radio)
Electrical component
A quarter-wave impedance transformer, often written as λ/4 impedance transformer, is a transmission line or waveguide used in electrical engineering of
Quarter-wave impedance transformer
Quarter-wave_impedance_transformer
Opposition that a system presents to an acoustic pressure
Acoustic impedance and specific acoustic impedance are measures of the opposition that a system presents to the acoustic flow resulting from an acoustic
Acoustic_impedance
Node in a circuit restricting current flow
In electronics, high impedance means that an electrical contact point in a circuit (a node) allows a relatively small amount of current through, per unit
High_impedance
Measure of the opposition to current flow by an external electrical load
electrical engineering, the input impedance of an electrical network is the measure of the opposition to current (impedance), both static (resistance) and
Input_impedance
Physical constant; ratio of electric to magnetic field strength in a vacuum
In electromagnetism, the impedance of free space, Z0, is a physical constant relating the magnitudes of the electric and magnetic fields of electromagnetic
Impedance_of_free_space
Measure of the opposition to current flow by an internal electrical load
electrical engineering, the output impedance of an electrical network is the measure of the opposition to current flow (impedance), both static (resistance) and
Output_impedance
Noninvasive type of medical imaging
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a noninvasive type of medical imaging in which the electrical conductivity, permittivity, and impedance of a part
Electrical impedance tomography
Electrical_impedance_tomography
In electrochemistry, faradaic impedance is the resistance and capacitance acting jointly at the surface of an electrode of an electrochemical cell. The
Faradaic_impedance
Method for estimating body composition
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method for estimating body composition where a weak electric current flows through the body, and the voltage
Bioelectrical impedance analysis
Bioelectrical_impedance_analysis
Set of properties used in electrical engineering
Impedance parameters or Z-parameters (the elements of an impedance matrix or Z-matrix) are properties used in electrical engineering, electronic engineering
Impedance_parameters
Device that converts sound into an electrical signal
called impedance bridging. In this configuration, the output impedance of the microphone should be negligible in comparison with the input impedance of the
Microphone
Tool used in emissions testing
A Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) is a specialized electronic device used in Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing to provide a stable
Line Impedance Stabilization Network
Line_Impedance_Stabilization_Network
Cable or other structure for carrying radio waves
dimensions along their length, giving them a uniform impedance, called the characteristic impedance, to prevent reflections. Types of transmission line
Transmission_line
Antenna consisting of two rod-shaped conductors
part of series impedance) will be half of the series impedance of the comparable dipole. A quarter-wave monopole, then, has an impedance of 73 +
Dipole_antenna
Concept in electrical and audio engineering
Nominal impedance in electrical engineering and audio engineering refers to the approximate designed impedance of an electrical circuit or device. The
Nominal_impedance
Image impedance is a concept used in electronic network design and analysis and most especially in filter design. The term image impedance applies to the
Image_impedance
Measure used in radio engineering and telecommunications
(SWR) is a measure of impedance matching of loads to the characteristic impedance of a transmission line or waveguide. Impedance mismatches result in standing
Standing_wave_ratio
Electrical cable with concentric conductors
cable characteristic impedance is important to minimize loss. The source and load impedances are chosen to match the impedance of the cable to ensure
Coaxial_cable
Set of conceptual and technical difficulties
Object–relational impedance mismatch is a set of difficulties going between data in relational data stores and data in domain-driven object models. Relational
Object–relational impedance mismatch
Object–relational_impedance_mismatch
Undesired resistance, inductance, or capacitance within electrical components
In electrical networks, a parasitic impedance is a circuit element (resistance, inductance or capacitance) which is not desirable in an electrical component
Parasitic_impedance
Measure of wave reflectivity
waves given a specified reference impedance Z0. The reference impedance used is typically the characteristic impedance of a transmission line that's involved
Reflection_coefficient
Medical intervention
Impedance cardiography (ICG; also called electrical impedance plethysmography, EIP, or thoracic electrical bioimpedance, TEB) is a non-invasive technology
Impedance_cardiography
Impedance matching circuit element
An L pad is a network composed of two impedances that typically resemble the letter capital "L" when drawn on a schematic circuit diagram. It is commonly
L_pad
Type of electronic component
in circuits are used to lower voltage, dissipate power, and to improve impedance matching. In measuring signals, attenuator pads or adapters are used to
Attenuator_(electronics)
An impedance pump is a valveless pump consisting of an elastic tube connected on both ends to an inelastic tube. Tapping the end of a tube will cause
Impedance_pump
Standard audio signal level
the output voltage of the source device; it also depends on its output impedance and output power capability. Consumer electronic devices concerned with
Line_level
Type of electronic test equipment
An impedance analyzer is a type of electronic test equipment used to measure complex electrical impedance as a function of test frequency. Impedance is
Impedance_analyzer
Iterative impedance is the input impedance of an infinite chain of identical networks. It is related to the image impedance used in filter design, but
Iterative_impedance
Concept in electromechanical engineering
The impedance analogy is a method of representing a mechanical system by an analogous electrical system. The advantage of doing this is that there is
Impedance_analogy
Equivalent circuit for impedance networks
An equivalent impedance is an equivalent circuit of an electrical network of impedance elements which presents the same impedance between all pairs of
Equivalent impedance transforms
Equivalent_impedance_transforms
Unity gain amplifier with low output impedance
its electrical impedance to provide a more ideal source (with a lower output impedance for a voltage buffer or a higher output impedance for a current
Buffer_amplifier
Two-conductor flat cable used to carry radio frequency signals
wire line is available with several different values of characteristic impedance such as twin lead ribbon cable (75 or 300 Ω), window line (300 Ω, 350 Ω
Twin-lead
Active circuit which injects energy into circuits
The negative impedance converter (NIC) is an active circuit which injects energy into circuits in contrast to an ordinary load that consumes energy from
Negative_impedance_converter
Transmission line impedance matching
device that matches the characteristic impedance of the line. Signal reflections occur where there is an impedance mismatch. Termination prevents signals
Electrical_termination
Device put on or in the ears that plays sound
high or low impedance. Low-impedance headphones are in the range 16 to 32 ohms and high-impedance headphones are 100 to 600 ohms. Impedance is typically
Headphones
Electrical circuit with negligible impedance
current to travel along an unintended path with no or very low electrical impedance. This results in an excessive current flowing through the circuit. The
Short_circuit
driver is its electrical impedance as a function of frequency. It can be visualized by plotting it as a graph, called the impedance curve. The most common
Electrical characteristics of dynamic loudspeakers
Electrical_characteristics_of_dynamic_loudspeakers
In accelerator physics, shunt impedance is a measure of the strength with which an eigenmode of a resonant radio frequency structure (e.g., in a microwave
Shunt_impedance
Telecommunications device
and its antenna to improve power transfer between them by matching the impedance of the radio RF port (coaxial or waveguide) to the antenna's feedline
Antenna_tuner
Opposition to current by inductance or capacitance
measured in ohms. Along with resistance, it is one of two elements of impedance; however, while both elements involve transfer of electrical energy, no
Electrical_reactance
Effect in electronics
to capacitance, any impedance connected between the input and another node exhibiting gain can modify the amplifier input impedance via this effect. These
Miller_effect
Ratio of impedance of a loudspeaker
defined as the ratio of the rated impedance of the loudspeaker (usually assumed to be 8 Ω) to the source impedance of the power amplifier. It was originally
Damping_factor
Process of creating equivalent circuits
floating impedance element, supplied by two voltage sources connected in series, may be split into two grounded elements with corresponding impedances. There
Miller_theorem
Electronic filters designed by the network synthesis method
the theoretical termination impedance, the image impedance, not generally being equal to the actual termination impedance. With network synthesis filters
Network_synthesis_filters
Theorem in electrical engineering
maximum power transfer occurs when the load impedance is equal to the complex conjugate of the source impedance. The mathematics of the theorem also applies
Maximum power transfer theorem
Maximum_power_transfer_theorem
Equivalent circuit for an electrochemical reaction
and an impedance (Zw) of a faradaic reaction. It is commonly used in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for interpretation of impedance spectra
Randles_circuit
Short electrical transmission line
case for waveguides). Neglecting transmission line losses, the input impedance of the stub is purely reactive; either capacitive or inductive, depending
Stub_(electronics)
Simple linear circuit
division places the impedance of the considered branches in the denominator, unlike voltage division, where the considered impedance is in the numerator
Current_divider
Electrical network theorem
amplifiers. These can generate an impedance equivalent to a negative inductance or capacitance. The negative impedance converter is an example of such a
Foster's_reactance_theorem
Ease of electrical current flow
device will allow a current to flow. It is defined as the reciprocal of impedance, analogous to how conductance and resistance are defined. The SI unit
Admittance
Two-port non-reciprocal network element
electrical component or network. In the case of linear elements, the impedance is also inverted. In other words, a gyrator can make a capacitive circuit
Gyrator
Electronic device/component that increases the strength of a signal
'unilateral'. The input impedance of a unilateral amplifier is independent of load, and output impedance is independent of signal source impedance. An amplifier
Amplifier
Electrical component or portion of a circuit that consumes electric power
electrical signal, the circuit connected to this terminal (or its input impedance) is the load. For example, if a CD player is connected to an amplifier
Electrical_load
Electrical waves in return direction
discontinuity in the characteristic impedance of the line, or if the far end of the line is not terminated in its characteristic impedance. This can happen, for instance
Reflections of signals on conducting lines
Reflections_of_signals_on_conducting_lines
Method of interconnecting audio equipment
of the line, but do so at an impedance that is equal to the impedance of the non-driven side of the line. This impedance balance permits the balanced
Balanced_audio
Dual impedance and dual network are terms used in electronic network analysis. The dual of an impedance Z {\displaystyle Z} is its reciprocal, or algebraic
Dual_impedance
High-gain voltage amplifier with a differential input
characteristics of an op amp application circuit (e.g., its gain, input and output impedance, bandwidth, and functionality) can be determined by external components
Operational_amplifier
Circuit theorem
the impedance of the extra element and two driving point impedances seen by the extra element: The double null injection driving point impedance and the
Extra_element_theorem
Measurement device for radio equipment
antennas and feedlines to be impedance matched so they work together properly, and evaluate the effectiveness of other impedance matching efforts. A directional
SWR_meter
Topics referred to by the same term
Z0, Z0 or Z0 may refer to: Characteristic impedance, a ratio used in electronics Impedance of free space, a physical constant Z boson, an elementary particle
Z0
Valve present in CPR breathing devices
An inspiratory impedance threshold device is a valve used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to decrease intrathoracic pressure and improve venous
Impedance_threshold_device
due to impedance mismatches and signal reflections. A transmission line that is properly terminated, that is, terminated with the same impedance as that
Mismatch_loss
Type of electronic amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor
raises input impedance, and reduces distortion, it predates the invention of the negative feedback amplifier and does not reduce output impedance or increase
Common_emitter
Audio signal conversion device
reinforcement systems to connect a high output impedance unbalanced output signal to a low-impedance, microphone level, balanced input, usually via an
DI_unit
Increase in voltage at a long AC power line
source impedance is lower than the load impedance (unterminated). The effect is similar to an electrically short version of the quarter-wave impedance transformer
Ferranti_effect
Device to couple energy between circuits
Z_{\text{L}}} is the load impedance of the secondary circuit and Z L ′ {\displaystyle Z'_{\text{L}}} is the apparent load or driving point impedance of the primary
Transformer
Isolating electronic circuit
voltage from a high output impedance circuit to a second circuit with low input impedance. Directly connecting a low impedance load to a power source draws
Digital_buffer
Electrical impedance which models diffusion in dieletric spectroscopy
That element is named after German physicist Emil Warburg. A Warburg impedance element can be difficult to recognize because it is nearly always associated
Warburg_element
The synchronous impedance curve (also short-circuit characteristic, SCC) of a synchronous generator is a plot of the output short circuit current as a
Synchronous_impedance_curve
Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing or ECIS (a trademark of Applied BioPhysics Inc.) refers to a non-invasive biophysical approach to monitor living
Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing
Electric_cell-substrate_impedance_sensing
select output impedance of 50, 250 or 500 ohms. The lower impedance values give clearer, more balanced tone while the higher impedances produce higher
Epiphone Jack Casady Signature Bass
Epiphone_Jack_Casady_Signature_Bass
Electrical circuit with two conductors of equal impedance
consisting of two conductors of the same type, both of which have equal impedances along their lengths, to ground, and to other circuits. The primary advantage
Balanced_line
Two-terminal electrical device able to maintain a fixed voltage
combination of an ideal voltage source and additional combinations of impedance elements. An ideal voltage source is a two-terminal device that maintains
Voltage_source
Capacitor used to prevent energy transfer between two circuits
impedance to the power supply. A decoupling capacitor provides a bypass path for transient currents, instead of flowing through the common impedance.
Decoupling_capacitor
Degree of self-interaction of a charged particle beam
In accelerator physics, impedance is a quantity that characterizes the self interaction of a charged particle beam, mediated by the beam environment,
Impedance (accelerator physics)
Impedance_(accelerator_physics)
Medical diagnostic method
Electrical impedance myography, or EIM, is a non-invasive technique for the assessment of muscle health that is based on the measurement of the electrical
Electrical impedance myography
Electrical_impedance_myography
Electronic test equipment that measures inductance, capacitance, and resistance
electronic component. In the simpler versions of this instrument the impedance was measured internally and converted for display to the corresponding
LCR_meter
Cable or conductor connecting a radio transmitter to an antenna
Particularly in transmitters, the feed system is a critical component which impedance matches the antenna, feedline, and transmitter. To accomplish this, the
Antenna_feed
Any analogy between electrical and mechanical systems, used for modelling
analogous (impedance analogy). In the impedance analogy, the ratio of the power conjugate variables is always a quantity analogous to electrical impedance. For
Mechanical–electrical analogies
Mechanical–electrical_analogies
Values which describe behavior of a linear electric circuit
line. This is equivalent to the wave meeting an impedance differing from the line's characteristic impedance. Although applicable at any frequency, S-parameters
Scattering_parameters
Unit of specific acoustic impedance
(symbol Rayl) is one of two units of specific acoustic impedance and characteristic acoustic impedance; one an MKS unit, and the other a CGS unit. These have
Rayl
Measuring the microbial density in a sample via its electrical parameters
Impedance microbiology is a microbiological technique used to measure the microbial number density (mainly bacteria but also yeasts) of a sample by monitoring
Impedance_microbiology
When a transmitted signal reflects back through the medium it was transmitted over
variations in the cable (such as abrupt changes in its geometry) that lead to impedance mismatches. These mismatches disrupt the signal and cause some of it to
Signal_reflection
Electrical device
disturbing the impedance arrangement of either line. A balun can take many forms and may include devices that also transform impedances but need not do
Balun
Electromagnetic measurement technique
Dielectric spectroscopy (which falls in a subcategory of the impedance spectroscopy) measures the dielectric properties of a medium as a function of frequency
Dielectric_spectroscopy
Determining all voltages and currents within an electrical network
impedances can eventually be reduced to a single impedance by successive applications of impedances in series or impedances in parallel. Impedances in
Network analysis (electrical circuits)
Network_analysis_(electrical_circuits)
Type of boundary condition in mathematics
different subsets of the boundary. Robin boundary conditions are also called impedance boundary conditions, from their application in electromagnetic problems
Robin_boundary_condition
Impedance of a linear circuit's Thévenin representation
be represented as an ideal voltage source in series with an impedance. This impedance is termed the internal resistance of the source. When the power
Internal_resistance
Electronic instrument
are impedance variations, then some of the incident signal will be reflected back to the source. A TDR is similar in principle to radar. The impedance of
Time-domain_reflectometer
Electronic filter topology
uses a voltage amplifier with practically infinite input impedance and zero output impedance to implement a 2-pole low-pass, high-pass, bandpass, bandstop
Sallen–Key_topology
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