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Liquids and gases contained in geologic formations
Formation fluid refers to the naturally occurring liquids and gases contained in geologic formations. Fluids introduced during the drilling process are
Formation_fluid
Aid for drilling boreholes into the ground
permit. The main functions of liquid drilling fluids are to exert hydrostatic pressure to prevent formation fluids from entering into the well bore, and carrying
Drilling_fluid
Fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system
system, is to return fluid from the tissues to be recirculated. At the origin of the fluid-return process, interstitial fluid—the fluid between the cells
Lymph
Technique used in oil and gas operations to prevent influx of fluids into a wellbore
pressure and formation pressure to prevent the influx of formation fluids into the wellbore. This technique involves the estimation of formation fluid pressures
Well_control
Management of oil wells
management of the dangerous effects caused by the unexpected release of formation fluid, such as natural gas and/or crude oil, upon surface equipment of oil
Oil_well_control
Production fluid, or well fluid, is the fluid mixture of oil, gas and water in formation fluid that flows to the surface of an oil well from a reservoir
Production_fluid
State of matter
A supercritical fluid (SCF) is a substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist,
Supercritical_fluid
Fluid surrounding a fetus within the amnion
amniotic fluid is commonly called water or waters (Latin liquor amnii). Amniotic fluid is present from the formation of the gestational sac. Amniotic fluid is
Amniotic_fluid
Liquid and/or gas trapped within a crystal
formation of the enclosing mineral. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy can be used to determine the composition of fluid inclusions
Fluid_inclusion
Oil well operation
the surface. The density of the column's fluids are intended to suppress the pressure of the formation fluids. The principle of a well kill revolves around
Well_kill
Phenomenon of fluid mechanics
interface between two fluids. Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities are visible in the atmospheres of planets and moons, such as in cloud formations on Earth or the
Kelvin–Helmholtz_instability
SP logging, the two aqueous solutions are the well bore fluid (drilling mud) and the formation water (connate water). The potential opposite shales is
Spontaneous_potential_logging
Well drilling technique
kept lower than the static pressure of the formation being drilled. As the well is being drilled, formation fluid flows into the wellbore and up to the surface
Underbalanced_drilling
Field within oil and gas extraction
drilling mud to prevent further formation fluid or gas production. Drilling fluid must be chemically compatible with the formations being drilled. Salinity must
Mud_engineer
Uncontrolled release of crude oil and/or natural gas from a well
gushers became avoidable. However, if the fluid density was not adequate or fluids were lost to the formation, then there was still a significant risk
Blowout_(well_drilling)
Oil drilling test
the drill stem and is a valuable way of obtaining information on the formation fluid and establishing whether a well has found a commercial hydrocarbon
Drill_stem_test
Clear, colorless bodily fluid found in the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless transcellular body fluid found within the meningeal tissue that surrounds the vertebrate brain and spinal
Cerebrospinal_fluid
Fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints
Synovial fluid, also called synovia,[help 1] is a viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. With its egg white–like consistency
Synovial_fluid
Body fluid outside the cells of a multicellular organism
In cell biology, extracellular fluid (ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells of any multicellular organism. Total body water in healthy adults is
Extracellular_fluid
Accumulation of excess fluid in tissue
(Commonwealth English), also known as dropsy, hydropsy, fluid retention, or simply swelling, is the buildup of fluid in a bodily tissue. Most commonly, the legs or
Edema
Concept in petrophysics
then BHP = TVD * grad(P) = 21,000 * 0.43273 = 9,087 psi However, the formation fluid pressure (pore pressure) is usually much greater than a column of fresh
Pore_pressure_gradient
Fracturing bedrock by pressurized liquid
the fracturing of formations in bedrock by a pressurized liquid. The process involves the high-pressure injection of "fracking fluid" (primarily water
Fracking
Specialized valve
opposing pressure from the formation being drilled, allowing drilling to proceed. When a kick (influx of formation fluid) occurs, rig operators or automatic
Blowout_preventer
Swirling and reverse current in a turbulent flow regime
In fluid dynamics, an eddy is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid is in a turbulent flow regime. The moving fluid creates
Eddy_(fluid_dynamics)
Factors of general intelligence
The concepts of fluid intelligence (gf) and crystallized intelligence (gc) were introduced in 1943 by the psychologist Raymond Cattell. According to Cattell's
Fluid and crystallized intelligence
Fluid_and_crystallized_intelligence
Detailed record of borehole contents
indicates the presence of hydrocarbons in the formation fluid. The density log measures the bulk density of a formation by bombarding it with a radioactive source
Well_logging
borehole from collapsing. Prevent formation fluids from entering the borehole in an uncontrolled way (blow out). Prevent fluids in the borehole (such as produced
Casing_string
Unstable behavior of two contacting fluids of different densities
beginnings of the formation of the ubiquitous mushroom-shaped spikes (fluid structures of heavy fluid growing into light fluid) and bubbles (fluid structures
Rayleigh–Taylor_instability
Model of cell membranes
components in the fluid membrane imposed by zonation. Early attempts to explain the assembly of membrane zones include the formation of lipid rafts and
Fluid_mosaic_model
Liquid that is attracted by poles of a magnet
the same time the formation of peaks and valleys is resisted by gravity and surface tension. It requires energy both to move fluid out of the valleys
Ferrofluid
Surgical procedure to make the abdomen thinner and firmer
size of the treatment area. Possible complications include: Seroma formation (fluid accumulation beneath the skin), which is one of the most common complications
Abdominoplasty
Branch of fluid mechanics that studies fluids at rest
is the branch of fluid mechanics that studies fluids at hydrostatic equilibrium and "the pressure in a fluid or exerted by a fluid on an immersed body"
Hydrostatics
Torus-shaped vortex in a fluid
orifice plate throughout the formation process. The fast moving fluid (A) is therefore discharged into a quiescent fluid (B). The shear imposed at the
Vortex_ring
Serous fluid within the pericardial cavity of the heart
of angiogenic growth factors in the pericardial fluid. These contribute to angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels) and arteriogenesis (the increase
Pericardial_fluid
A packer is usually set at the lower end of the casing to prevent formation fluid from entering the annulus between the tubing and the casing. A packer
Production_tubing
Procedure used on oil wells
expensive, has the advantage of measuring properties of a formation before drilling fluids invade deeply. Further, many wellbores prove to be difficult
Logging_while_drilling
Tactic in association football
football, the formation of a team refers to the position players take in relation to each other on a pitch. As association football is a fluid and fast-moving
Formation (association football)
Formation_(association_football)
Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid
a surrounding fluid. This can exist between two fluid layers, or between a fluid and a solid surface. Drag forces tend to decrease fluid velocity relative
Drag_(physics)
Conversion of a granular material from a solid-like to liquid-like state
also key in the formation of a sand volcano and fluid escape structures in sediments and sedimentary rocks. Most of the fluidization applications use
Fluidization
of rocks, or by natural flow of a conducting fluid through the rocks. The origin of SP across formation can be attributed to two processes involving the
Spontaneous_potential
Blowout preventer for oil wells
hydrostatic pressure to keep the formation fluid from coming up the wellbore. If the pressure of the formation fluid exceeds the hydrostatic pressure
Cameron ram-type blowout preventer
Cameron_ram-type_blowout_preventer
characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. They include the
Dimensionless numbers in fluid mechanics
Dimensionless_numbers_in_fluid_mechanics
Subfield of fluid dynamics
In fluid dynamics, hydrodynamic stability is the field which analyses the stability and the onset of instability of fluid flows. The study of hydrodynamic
Hydrodynamic_stability
Fluid layer between Earth's solid inner core and its mantle
Earth's outer core is a fluid layer about 2,260 km (1,400 mi) thick, composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below
Earth's_outer_core
fracturing fluids and formation fluids are able to escape during fracking. However, the possibility of groundwater contamination from the fracturing fluid upward
Environmental impact of fracking
Environmental_impact_of_fracking
Dimensionless number in fluid mechanics
importance of the fluid's inertia compared to its surface tension. The quantity is useful in analyzing thin film flows and the formation of droplets and
Weber_number
Geologic discontinuity feature, often a joint or fault
pressured natural fracture system is encountered, the rapid rate at which formation fluid can flow into the wellbore can cause the situation to rapidly escalate
Fracture_(geology)
Fluid dynamics phenomenon
which a wake of fluid (typically air or water) is moving at velocities comparable to that of the moving object, relative to the ambient fluid through which
Slipstream
Well drilled to extract crude oil and/or gas
preventers followed by increasing the density of the drilling fluid would allow formation fluids to enter the annulus uncontrollably. The drill string to which
Oil_well
Injury
is the body's response to the inflammation. The formation of a capsule prevents any absorption of fluids that would occur during the healing process. Morel-Lavallée
Degloving
Geode with trapped water
its cavity. Enhydros are closely related to fluid inclusions, but are composed of chalcedony. The formation of enhydros is still an ongoing process, with
Enhydro_agate
Fluid produced by inflammatory infection
discharge refers to exudate containing both mucus and pus. Seropurulent fluid or discharge contains both serum and pus. A wound or lesion may be described
Pus
Medical product
Tadashi; Nakamura, Takashi (2010). "Apatite formation on anodized Ti-6Al-4V alloy in simulated body fluid". Metals and Materials International. 16 (3):
Simulated_body_fluid
Liquids that were trapped in the pores of sedimentary rocks
continues, some connate fluids could stay trapped in low-permeability rocks. However, others may migrate through the formation. In deeper basins, physical
Connate_fluids
Chemical to deice aircraft
of aircraft, aircraft de-icing fluid (ADF), aircraft de-icer and anti-icer fluid (ADAF) or aircraft anti-icing fluid (AAF) are commonly used for both
Aircraft_deicing_fluid
Coolants and lubricants used in metalworking
Cutting fluid is a type of coolant and lubricant designed specifically for metalworking processes, such as machining and stamping. There are various kinds
Cutting_fluid
Fluid flow revolving around an axis of rotation
In fluid dynamics, a vortex (pl.: vortices or vortexes) is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line, which may be straight or
Vortex
Fluid mixture contained within the petroleum reservoir rock
Accumulations of hydrocarbons are invariably associated with aqueous fluids (formation waters), which may occur as extensive aquifers underlying or interdigitated
Reservoir_fluids
Type of hydrothermal mineral deposit
orogeny. Formation of orogenic gold deposits is related to structural evolution and structural geometry of lithospheric crust, as hydrothermal fluids migrate
Orogenic_gold_deposit
Motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity
In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is fluid motion exhibiting chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. It is in contrast to laminar
Turbulence
Chemical compound
surrounding cement out into the hydrocarbon-bearing formations. The pathway that is created allows formation fluids to flow into the wellbore and onward to the
HMX
Pocket of fluid that sometimes develops after surgery
improper removal of sutures can sometimes lead to formation of seroma or discharge of serous fluid from operative areas. Seromas can also sometimes be
Seroma
Hungarian hydrogeologist (1933–2026)
radioactive waste; formation and improvement of saline soils; hydrocarbon and uranium ore exploration; soil and rock mechanics; and formation of wetlands. Meinzer
József_Tóth_(hydrogeologist)
Disease in dogs
Resonance Imaging (MRI) may be used to evaluate the extent of syrinx formation (fluid filled cavity within the spinal cord) in CM dogs, developing a thermal
Canine Chiari-like malformation
Canine_Chiari-like_malformation
Microvessel serving to drain and process extracellular fluid
serve to drain and process extracellular fluid. Upon entering the lumen of a lymphatic capillary, the collected fluid is known as lymph. Each lymphatic capillary
Lymph_capillary
geological formation. Similar to filter cake. Mud cake provides a physical barrier to prevent further penetration and loss of drilling fluid, as well a
Mud_cake_(oil_and_gas)
Problem in well drilling
(normally caused by excessive mud weights) than formation pressure. The liquid component of the drilling fluid (known as the mud filtrate, or spurt) continues
Drilling_fluid_invasion
Device that places fluid deep underground
places fluid deep underground into porous rock formations, such as sandstone or limestone, or into or below the shallow soil layer. The fluid may be water
Injection_well
Force distributed over an area
the substance. Bubble formation deeper in the liquid requires a higher pressure, and therefore higher temperature, because the fluid pressure increases above
Pressure
Mud volcano in the subdistrict of Porong, East Java, Indonesia
oil-and-gas well. A day later, the well suffered a "kick", an influx of formation fluid into the well bore. The kick was reported by Lapindo Brantas drilling
Sidoarjo_mud_flow
Branch of modern astronomy
Astrophysical fluid dynamics is a branch of modern astronomy which deals with the motion of fluids in outer space using fluid mechanics, such as those
Astrophysical_fluid_dynamics
Fluid instability
known as viscous fingering, is the formation of patterns in a morphologically unstable interface between two fluids in a porous medium or in a Hele-Shaw
Saffman–Taylor_instability
Mechanical seal consisting of tightly interlinked parts to prevent leakage
controlling the passage of fluid through a variety of chambers by centrifugal motion, as well as by the formation of controlled fluid vortices. At higher speeds
Labyrinth_seal
Transport of a substance by bulk motion
motion of a fluid. The properties of that substance are carried with it. Generally the majority of the advected substance is also a fluid. The properties
Advection
encapsulated inside diamond during its formation process in the mantle. The trapped materials can be other minerals or fluids like water. Since diamonds have
Diamond_inclusions
Petroleum conversion process
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the conversion process used in petroleum refineries to convert the high-boiling point, high-molecular weight hydrocarbon
Fluid_catalytic_cracking
Ring of liquid and droplets in a wineglass
phenomenon. Other fluid phenomena that arise in alcohol-water mixtures are beading, viscimation and louching. Beading refers to the formation of stable bubbles
Tears_of_wine
Fluid flow that occurs due to heterogeneous fluid properties and body forces
of fluids (liquids or gases), where warmer, less-dense material rises and cooler, denser material sinks. It is a single-phase or multiphase fluid flow
Convection
Last operation for oil and gas wells
control of flow of fluids from the formation; it is not suitable for weaker formations which might require sand control, nor for formations requiring selective
Completion (oil and gas wells)
Completion_(oil_and_gas_wells)
Hollow formation inside a rock
groundwater, or hydrothermal fluids. Geodes can form in any cavity, but the term is usually reserved for more or less rounded formations in igneous and sedimentary
Geode
formation of various structures in active fluids is an area of active research. It is well understood that the structure formation in active fluids is
Active_fluid
Libyan offshore oil field
release of oil or gas from wells into the environment and controlling formation fluids. The wells, notable for Hydrogen sulfide, are controlled by chokes
Bouri_Field
Assembly of flow-regulating valves
to produce and receive oil or gas, tree valves are opened and the formation fluids are allowed to go through a flow line. This leads to a processing facility
Christmas_tree_(oil_well)
Rock formation in New York
orogeny, and extremely high temperatures combined with introduction of fluids is what most likely contributed to the unusual size of the megacrystic garnets
Gore_Mountain_Garnet
Fracking materials
most commonly for unconventional reservoirs. It is added to a fracking fluid which may vary in composition depending on the type of fracturing used,
Fracking_proppants
Fluid-filled space in organs
ISBN 0-683-07202-1. Wiig H, Swartz MA (July 2012). "Interstitial fluid and lymph formation and transport: physiological regulation and roles in inflammation
Interstitium
Abrupt reduction in lift due to flow separation
In fluid dynamics, a stall is a reduction in the lift coefficient generated by a foil as angle of attack exceeds its critical value. The critical angle
Stall_(fluid_dynamics)
Potentially fatal complication of pregnancy
An amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a life-threatening childbirth (obstetric) emergency in which amniotic fluid enters the blood stream of the mother
Amniotic_fluid_embolism
Stratigraphical unit
produced from the formation in Northern Alberta. Horizontal drilling and extensive fracturing process is necessary to have the fluid flow through the low
Montney_Formation
Fluid breakup of a falling stream
In fluid dynamics, the Plateau–Rayleigh instability, often just called the Rayleigh instability, explains why and how a falling stream of fluid breaks
Plateau–Rayleigh_instability
desander and shale shaker . Mud weight use to control the trapped fluids or gas in the formations by adding a hydro static pressure on them, increasing the mud
Mud_weight
Accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural cavity
accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung. Under normal conditions, pleural fluid is secreted by the
Pleural_effusion
Unusable radioactive materials
formation to allow removal of the altered material. A mixture of hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and/or other formation fluids is produced from the formation
Radioactive_waste
Large offshore natural gas field in the North Sea
Shearwater installation to which fluids from Jackdaw are exported. The reservoir is in the Upper Jurassic Heather Formation and is compartmentalised into
Jackdaw_gas_field
Cyclic flow of convection currents in a fluid
In fluid dynamics, a convection cell is a circulating pattern of motion in a fluid driven by density differences, typically caused by temperature differences
Convection_cell
Ring-shaped void in a well
drill string and the sides of the glass representing the formation. While drilling, drilling fluid is pumped down the inside of the drill string and pushes
Annulus_(well)
brittlely deformed rocks alter fluid flows in different lithological settings, such as clastic, igneous and carbonate rocks. Fluid movements, that can be quantified
Fault_zone_hydrogeology
Device that facilitates dispersion of liquid into a spray
duty industrial uses to light duty spray cans or spray bottles. Single-fluid or hydraulic spray nozzles utilize the kinetic energy imparted to the liquid
Spray_nozzle
Sudden surface disturbance of quiet liquids
In fluid mechanics, a splash is a sudden disturbance to the otherwise quiescent free surface of a liquid (usually water). The disturbance is typically
Splash_(fluid_mechanics)
Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance
In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }} , c x {\displaystyle c_{x}} or c w {\displaystyle c_{\rm
Drag_coefficient
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