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Physical simulation to visualize graphs
Force-directed graph drawing algorithms are a class of algorithms for drawing graphs in an aesthetically-pleasing way. Their purpose is to position the
Force-directed_graph_drawing
Graph drawing with vertices in horizontal layers
Layered graph drawing or hierarchical graph drawing is a type of graph drawing in which the vertices of a directed graph are drawn in horizontal rows or
Layered_graph_drawing
Visualization of node-link graphs
Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional
Graph_drawing
Python library for graphs and networks
The Spring Layout in NetworkX is a popular way to visualize graphs using a force-directed algorithm. It's based on the Fruchterman-Reingold model, which
NetworkX
Generalization of graph theory
vertices in its head. The definition above generalizes from a directed graph to a directed hypergraph by defining the head or tail of each edge as a set
Hypergraph
Planar graph drawn by relaxing springs
In graph drawing and geometric graph theory, a Tutte embedding or barycentric embedding of a simple, 3-vertex-connected, planar graph is a crossing-free
Tutte_embedding
Sharpest angle between edges at a vertex
In graph drawing, the angular resolution of a drawing of a graph is the sharpest angle formed by any two edges that meet at a common vertex of the drawing
Angular resolution (graph drawing)
Angular_resolution_(graph_drawing)
Graph with edges of length one, able to be drawn without crossings
edges Fruchterman, Thomas M. J.; Reingold, Edward M. (1991), "Graph Drawing by Force-Directed Placement", Software: Practice and Experience, 21 (11), Wiley:
Matchstick_graph
Software package for graph visualization
energy. fdp force-directed graph drawing similar to "spring model", but minimizes forces instead of energy. Useful for undirected graphs. sfdp multiscale
Graphviz
as a forest. An acyclic directed graph, which is a digraph without directed cycles, is often called a directed acyclic graph, especially in computer science
Glossary_of_graph_theory
Java-based toolkit
available search engines. A physical force simulation engine for dynamic layout and animation (s.a. Force-directed graph drawing) Flexibility for multiple views
Prefuse
generated within constraints for aesthetics, such as during force-directed graph drawing, and may result in apparently informative artifacts. Edges are
BioFabric
Graph drawing with vertices on a circle
multiple vertex circles are used in this way, other methods such as force-directed graph drawing may be used to arrange the clusters. One advantage of a circular
Circular_layout
Hence, making force diagrams unsuitable for unorganised big data. A hive plot is considered an improvement to force-directed graph drawing especially suited
Security_visualisation
Graph representing faces of another graph
mathematical discipline of graph theory, the dual graph of a planar graph G is a graph that has a vertex for each face of G. The dual graph has an edge for each
Dual_graph
Edges that hit all cycles in a graph
In graph theory and graph algorithms, a feedback arc set or feedback edge set in a directed graph is a subset of the edges of the graph that contains at
Feedback_arc_set
Query language for property graphs
between corresponding vertices. The graph data model has been drawing attention for its unique advantages. Firstly, the graph model can be a natural fit for
Graph_Query_Language
Mathematical tree on concentric circles
October 2009. Presentation. Greg Book & Neeta Keshary. "Radial Tree Graph Drawing Algorithm for Representing Large Hierarchies." University of Connecticut
Radial_tree
Type of flowchart
related statistical models like Structural Equation Models and Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs). However the phrase “causal map” is usually reserved for
Causal_map
On tangency patterns of circles
complexity of graph drawing: why numerical solutions are ubiquitous for force-directed, spectral, and circle packing drawings", Journal of Graph Algorithms
Circle_packing_theorem
Graph representing social relations
social graph is a graph that represents social relations between entities. It is a model or representation of a social network. The social graph has been
Social_graph
Network analysis and visualization package for Microsoft Excel
interactive canvas for visualizing graphs. The project allows users to pick from several well-known Force-directed graph drawing layout algorithms such as Fruchterman-Reingold
NodeXL
Academic field
{N}{2}}=N(N-1)/2} ; for directed graphs (with no self-connected nodes), E max = N ( N − 1 ) {\displaystyle E_{\max }=N(N-1)} ; for directed graphs with self-connections
Network_science
Shape in mathematics of domino tiling
For example, consider an Aztec diamond of order 2, and after drawing its directed graph we can label its sources a a , a 2 {\displaystyle a_{a},a_{2}}
Aztec_diamond
Infinite graph containing all countable graphs
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Rado graph, Erdős–Rényi graph, or random graph is a countably infinite graph that can be constructed (with
Rado_graph
Assignment of colors to edges of a graph
In graph theory, a proper edge coloring of a graph is an assignment of "colors" to the edges of the graph so that no two incident edges have the same color
Edge_coloring
Standard hostname for a networked device's loopback interface
Krochmal (February 2013). Special-Use Domain Names. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6761. ISSN 2070-1721. RFC 6761. Proposed Standard. Updates
Localhost
also Fáry's theorem on straight-line drawings of planar graphs. Force-based algorithms (also known as force-directed algorithms or spring-based algorithms)
List_of_algorithms
representations (3D, force directed, biological convention preserving, hierarchical ...) Visualization interaction tools (drawing, bends ...) Animation
Systrip
Branch of geometry that studies combinatorial properties and constructive methods
polytope, unit disk graphs, and visibility graphs. Topics in this area include: Graph drawing Polyhedral graphs Random geometric graphs Voronoi diagrams
Discrete_geometry
Fewest cliques covering a graph's edges
derived from a directed acyclic graph representing predator-prey relations by drawing an edge u − v {\displaystyle u-v} in the competition graph whenever there
Intersection number (graph theory)
Intersection_number_(graph_theory)
Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other
Universal Packet for internetworking. That year, the French CYCLADES network, directed by Louis Pouzin was the first to make the hosts responsible for the reliable
Computer_network
Elastic object that stores mechanical energy
designed coil spring that would exert zero force if it had zero length. That is, in a line graph of the spring's force versus its length, the line passes through
Spring_(device)
represented in graphs 2 and 3 by drawing the steel compression curve with the elastic region reduced accordingly. The relationship of the rolling force to the
Tandem_rolling_mill
Logic problem, AND of pairwise ORs
special type of directed graph, the implication graph, which expresses the variables of an instance and their negations as vertices in a graph, and constraints
2-satisfiability
Collection of multimedia related APIs on Microsoft platforms
Like WinToon, this example uses WinG for drawing on the DIB. Willetts, Samual (July 27, 2020). "How DirectX defined PC gaming... with help from a shotgun-toting
DirectX
Loops of electric current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field
flux, and inversely proportional to the resistivity of the material. When graphed, these circular currents within a piece of metal look vaguely like eddies
Eddy_current
Type of sub-graph
recurrent and statistically significant subgraphs or patterns of a larger graph. All networks, including biological networks, social networks, technological
Network_motif
Cycle through all length-k sequences
an n-dimensional de Bruijn graph over k symbols (or equivalently, an Eulerian cycle of an (n − 1)-dimensional de Bruijn graph). An alternative construction
De_Bruijn_sequence
Interaction involving touch
Alternatively, the servo force may be measured and the signal directed to a servo system on the control, also known as force feedback. Force feedback has been
Haptic_technology
NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization
exist in both directions or the distances might be different, forming a directed graph. Traffic congestion, one-way streets, and airfares for cities with different
Travelling_salesman_problem
Software static analysis tool used for safety critical applications
applying a rigorous form of static program analysis. The tool uses directed graphs and regular algebra to represent the program under analysis. Using
MALPAS Software Static Analysis Toolset
MALPAS_Software_Static_Analysis_Toolset
Study of rates of change
Geometrically, the derivative at a point is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point, provided that the derivative exists and is
Differential_calculus
Use of more than one buffer to hold a block of data
respectively). In computer graphics, double buffering is a technique for drawing graphics that shows less stutter, tearing, and other artifacts. It is difficult
Multiple_buffering
Meta Platforms social networking service
voice notes, it notably launched without end-to-end encryption (E2EE), drawing criticism regarding its privacy compared to other Meta-owned services like
Threads_(social_network)
Thomas Baxter (mathematician) Centrifugal force – Type of inertial force Centripetal force – Force directed to the center of rotation Circle of confusion –
List_of_circle_topics
Knowledge Graph which when clicked, makes confetti explode. "panipuri( see it )" will show three types of panipuris in the Knowledge Graph, which when
List_of_Google_Easter_eggs
American information technology company (1939–2015)
billion. HP's global operations were directed from its headquarters in Palo Alto, California. Its US operations were directed from its facility in an unincorporated
Hewlett-Packard
Ongoing armed conflict in Southeast Asia
while the United Nations says at least 3.6 million have been displaced. "Graphs of arrest and death data as of December 31, 2024 collected and compiled
Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
Myanmar_civil_war_(2021–present)
Government system where political power lies with the people
1177/0010414011405461. ISSN 0010-4140. Retrieved 18 March 2026. "Country Graph". V-Dem Institute. March 2026. Archived from the original on 1 March 2026
Democracy
Optimization algorithm
computational problems that can be reduced to finding good paths through graphs. Artificial ants represent multi-agent methods inspired by the behavior
Ant colony optimization algorithms
Ant_colony_optimization_algorithms
English founder of modern nursing (1820–1910)
statistical graphics and the iconography of Florence Nightingale's polar area graph," BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics
Florence_Nightingale
Managing versions of source code or data
the resulting graph is no longer a tree, as nodes can have multiple parents, but is instead a rooted directed acyclic graph (DAG). The graph is acyclic since
Version_control
sexual nature, whether verbal, non-verbal, visual, gestural or physical, directed at a person which is offensive, humiliating or a threat to their well-being”
Sexual_harassment_in_Malaysia
graph. The media noted that revisions are usual, the graphs' data were unverifiable, and it was not explained how they were calculated for the graphs
False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (second term)
False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_(second_term)
U.S. presidential administration since 2025
from the original on March 20, 2026. ● Raw data presented at: "Country Graph". V-Dem Institute. March 2026. Archived from the original on March 1, 2026
Second presidency of Donald Trump
Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump
Canadian-American businessman (born 1976)
Palihapitiya sparked discussion about social media's societal consequences, drawing from his experience at Facebook. He warned that social media platforms'
Chamath_Palihapitiya
"Graph Search Now Includes Posts and Status Updates". Facebook. September 20, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2014. "Facebook Starts Rollout Of Graph Search
History_of_Facebook
Sphere tangent to every edge of a polyhedron
complexity of graph drawing: why numerical solutions are ubiquitous for force-directed, spectral, and circle packing drawings", Journal of Graph Algorithms
Midsphere
Graphic visual representation of information
are commonly used to show the weather, as well as maps, site plans, and graphs for summaries of data. Some books are almost entirely made up of information
Infographic
Cross-platform graphics API
specification describes an abstract application programming interface (API) for drawing 2D and 3D graphics. It is designed to be implemented mostly or entirely
OpenGL
American serial killer and cannibal (1950–1980)
Chase's bunk. Two of the sheets contained an illustration approximating a graph, with the marking squares filled with an unknown cryptographic code; the
Richard_Chase
Plane curve: conic section
parallel to another plane that is tangential to the conical surface. The graph of a quadratic function y = a x 2 + b x + c {\displaystyle y=ax^{2}+bx+c}
Parabola
Search engine from Google
words. In 2012, Google introduced a semantic search feature named Knowledge Graph. Analysis of the frequency of search terms may indicate economic, social
Google_Search
Window rendering system used in macOS
Quartz drawing commands are translated to OpenGL commands and executed on the GPU. This differs from Quartz Extreme, which still executes Quartz drawing commands
Quartz_Compositor
API used in Microsoft DirectX for 3D rendering
was released. Like other DirectX APIs, such as DirectDraw, both were based on COM. The retained mode API was a scene graph API that attained little adoption
Direct3D
Indian cricketer (born 1949)
twelve Tests, losing five and drawing seven. The first series was a six Test tour to Pakistan. India started well enough, drawing the First Test in Lahore
Sunil_Gavaskar
Mayor of Chicago from 2019 to 2023
Chicago Police Board and chair of the Chicago Police Accountability Task Force. In these roles, she was tasked with helping oversee misconduct cases in
Lori_Lightfoot
Computer control of machine tools
system. This system is a typical plane often seen in mathematics when graphing. This system is required to map out the machine tool paths and any other
Computer_numerical_control
2019–2020 protests in India
already been happening in Assam and Tripura over decades of migration (see graphs). "Assamese could become the second language. Then there is also the question
Citizenship Amendment Act protests
Citizenship_Amendment_Act_protests
2007 mortgage crisis in the United States
least not rise) for another year (see "Fed Funds Rate & Mortgage Rates" graph). Construction of new homes did not peak until January 2006. Bernanke speculates
Subprime_mortgage_crisis
Conceptual model in philosophy of science
causal notation, such as structural equation modeling or causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), to describe relationships among variables and to guide
Causal_model
maintain the economy on which White privilege is based, while simultaneously drawing on the same body of manpower to defend the system of privilege". Firms
Conscription_in_Rhodesia
Processes by which whistles make sound
upper drawing, the vortex center is near the jet; the nearby cavity flow is slower, and the pressure is less than atmospheric, so the jet is directed into
Physics_of_whistles
1979 nuclear accident in Pennsylvania
construction came with the more catastrophic Chernobyl disaster in 1986 (see graph). Initially, GPU planned to repair the reactor and return it into service
Three_Mile_Island_accident
Intergovernmental organization
Cooperation and Sustainability" and emphasized a people-centric approach, drawing parallels with India's G-20 presidency, where the Global South was prioritized
BRICS
Blog promoting climate change denial
information–presented very "scientifically" of course, replete with charts and graphs–but all directed toward the end of making the scientific consensus on human-caused
Watts_Up_With_That?
Japanese animator and artist (born 1941)
Masterpiece Theater and directed the television series Future Boy Conan (1978). He joined Tokyo Movie Shinsha in 1979 to direct his first feature film
Hayao_Miyazaki
Series of platform video games
(July 6, 2021). "Ratchet & Clank's Nearly 20-Year History Started With a Graph Paper Note". Vice. Retrieved July 6, 2021. Valdes, Giancarlo (March 24,
Ratchet_&_Clank
Interdisciplinary science
alignment, structural alignment, protein structure prediction Mathematics – graph/network theory, population modeling, dynamical systems, phylogenetics. Medicine
Biophysics
Class of artificial neural network
temporal dynamic behavior. A finite impulse recurrent network is a directed acyclic graph that can be unrolled and replaced with a strictly feedforward neural
Recurrent_neural_network
American Secretary of Defense (1961–1968)
sabotage on behalf of the Army ordnance corps' officers. McNamara directed the Air Force to adopt the Navy's McDonnell F-4 Phantom II multi-role and LTV
Robert McNamara as Secretary of Defense
Robert_McNamara_as_Secretary_of_Defense
Ongoing overuse of opioid medication in the US
yearly slider. Hover over legend, map, countries, or graph for more info. Line tab shows the graph. Amos O (October 25, 2017). "Why opioids are such an
Opioid epidemic in the United States
Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States
Magnet that creates a magnetic field through an electric current
proportional to the area of the hysteresis loop in the B H {\displaystyle BH} graph. To minimize this loss, magnetic cores used in transformers and other AC
Electromagnet
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
be due to errors in counting, other experts feel that Google's Knowledge Graphs project launched last year may be gobbling up Wikipedia users." When contacted
Wikipedia
Prime Minister of Australia since 2022
2025. Hutchens, Gareth (15 May 2024). "Australia's housing crisis in 10 graphs, from the federal budget". ABC News. Archived from the original on 27 January
Anthony_Albanese
Video game played on a mobile device
mobile phone, tablet, PDA, handheld game console, portable media player or graphing calculator, with or without network availability. The earliest mobile phone
Mobile_game
East Asian ethnic group
Han dynasties, Han Chinese writers established genealogical lineages by drawing from legendary materials originating from the Shang dynasty, while the
Han_Chinese
Model of movement
Mitchell, Jason L. (2004). "Drawing a Crowd". In Engel, Wolfgang (ed.). ShaderX3: Advanced Rendering Techniques in DirectX and OpenGL. Cambridge, MA:
Crowd_simulation
American conservative political commentator (born 1969)
Graziosi, Graig (December 17, 2021). "Tucker Carlson mocked for using wrong graph to falsely complain women outnumber men in US workforce". The Independent
Tucker_Carlson
Threshold of percolation theory models
percolation cluster Bootstrap percolation Directed percolation Effective medium approximations Epidemic models on lattices Graph theory Network science Percolation
Percolation_threshold
Social networking service owned by Meta Platforms
the October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts directed at Democratic politicians. Force v. Facebook, Inc., 934 F.3d 53 (2nd Cir. 2019) was a case
Reaction that splits an atomic nucleus
to the vibrations of a liquid drop, with surface tension and the Coulomb force in opposition. Plotting the sum of these two energies as a function of elongated
Nuclear_fission
from the original on March 20, 2026. ● Raw data presented at: "Country Graph". V-Dem Institute. March 2026. Archived from the original on March 1, 2026
Authoritarianism during the Trump presidencies
Authoritarianism_during_the_Trump_presidencies
American inventor and businessman
invented additional computation devices. These devices include: the Gerber GraphAnalogue, which directly performs computations on graphical data based on
Joseph_Gerber
Discrete (i.e., incremental) version of infinitesimal calculus
velocity of the ball. If a function is linear (that is, if the points of the graph of the function lie on a straight line), then the function can be written
Discrete_calculus
Regulatory term for fluorinated greenhouse gases
unnatural man-made gases are responsible for about one-tenth of the direct radiative forcing from all long-lived anthropogenic greenhouse gases. F-gases are
Fluorinated_gases
extraordinary unpopularity of Trump's family separation policy (in one graph)". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved June 20, 2018. Alexander
Domestic policy of the first Trump administration
Domestic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration
decrease percentage. A graph shows the trends of each company over time, with a green graph showing positive growth and a red graph showing a decline. Business
List_of_built-in_macOS_apps
Intelligence gathering discipline
friendly concentrations, etc. They can perform target analysis and also graph various activities on a polar chart centered either on an arbitrary reference
Special_reconnaissance
FORCE DIRECTED-GRAPH-DRAWING
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FORCE DIRECTED-GRAPH-DRAWING