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Hypothesis that expression influences emotions
The facial feedback hypothesis, rooted in the conjectures of Charles Darwin and William James, is that one's facial expression directly affects their
Facial_feedback_hypothesis
German social psychologist
study with Leonard Martin and Sabine Stepper that tested the facial feedback hypothesis. The study asked participants to hold a pen in their mouths to
Fritz_Strack
Unofficial observance; May 10
the Laughter Yoga movement in part by the facial feedback hypothesis, which postulates that a person's facial expressions can have an effect on their emotions
World_Laughter_Day
System of classifying human facial movements
to the facial actions that are scored. Computer facial animation Emotion classification Facial electromyography Facial feedback hypothesis Facial muscles
Facial_Action_Coding_System
American psychologist
nonverbal expression of social power" and a finding called the facial feedback hypothesis (which has come under some scrutiny for possibly being a false
Dana_R._Carney
Expression of the face
were able to be detected by observers. A 1988 study on the "facial feedback" hypothesis found that study participants' mood was improved when they smiled
Facial_expression
Theory in psychology
and behaviour. Ross Buck came up with the facial feedback hypothesis, "that skeletal muscle feedback from facial expressions plays a causal role in regulating
Discrete_emotion_theory
Facial expression
facilitating conditions of the human smile: A non-obtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 54 (5): 768–777
Frown
American psychologist
empirical studies into the facial feedback hypothesis according to which emotions which have different functions also cause facial expressions which in turn
Carroll_Izard
Internet meme for a facial expression
been known to occasionally wear a less-than-pleased expression. Facial feedback hypothesis Gen Z stare Grumpy Cat Social identity theory Jessica Bennett
Resting_bitch_face
Emotional state experienced as the result of an unexpected event
distinctive and predictable sign of surprise. Despite the facial feedback hypothesis (that facial display is necessary in the experience of emotion or a
Surprise_(emotion)
Interdisciplinary theory
Enactivism Extended cognition Extended mind thesis Externalism Facial feedback hypothesis Feeling Image schema Metaphors We Live By Moravec's paradox Motor
Embodied_cognition
Neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum
The main hypothesis for its action is based on the facial feedback hypothesis. Another hypothesis involves a connection between the facial muscle and
Botulinum_toxin
Conscious subjective experience
Emotionally focused therapy Emotions in virtual communication Facial feedback hypothesis Fuzzy-trace theory Group emotion Homeostatic feeling Moral emotions
Emotion
Hypothesis on the origin and nature of emotions
physiological responses are required to experience emotions. Facial feedback hypothesis Somatic marker hypothesis Power posing Dewey, John (1894). "The theory of emotion:
James–Lange_theory
Hypothesis that emotional processes guide or bias decision-making
marker hypothesis could be practiced more insistently in a greater range of populations with altered peripheral feedback, like on patients with facial paralysis
Somatic_marker_hypothesis
Practise of standing in a powerful way
continues to promote power posing as life-improvement technique. Facial feedback hypothesis Fake it till you make it Pathological science P-hacking Dominus
Power_posing
Winners of satirical science award
facilitating conditions of the human smile: A nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 54 (5): 768–777
List of Ig Nobel Prize winners
List_of_Ig_Nobel_Prize_winners
American social psychologist
Audience effect ("in subjects ranging from cockroaches to humans") Facial feedback hypothesis Zajonc, Robert B. (1976), "Preface", Social Psychology in Transition
Robert_Zajonc
Features that occur in an organism at sexual maturity
during puberty—and include enlarged breasts and widened hips of females, facial hair and Adam's apples on males, and pubic hair on both. In non-human animals
Secondary_sex_characteristic
Involuntary muscle contraction in response to another muscle moving
regeneration hypothesis is the most widely accepted mechanism for synkinesis. The hypothesis states that, after trauma, axons project from the facial nucleus
Synkinesis
Ability of recognizing emotions in others
theory of emotion, Silvan Tomkins proposed the facial feedback hypothesis in 1963; he suggested that facial expressions actually trigger the experience of
Emotion_perception
Cognitive process of visually interpreting the human face
excludes automated facial recognition systems. Although facial recognition is found in other species, this article focuses on facial perception in humans
Face_perception
Age-related skin blemish
has reported that "age spots" taken from human skin biopsies of patients facial senile lentigo of Fitzpatrick skin type III or IV aged 55–62 are enriched
Age_spot
Model of the neural processing of vision and hearing
The two-streams hypothesis is a model of the neural processing of vision as well as hearing. The hypothesis, given its initial characterisation in papers
Two-streams_hypothesis
Evolution-related timelines
adaptations were the smaller maxillary and mandibular bones, smaller and weaker facial muscles, and shortening and flattening of the face resulting in modern-human's
Evolution of human intelligence
Evolution_of_human_intelligence
Biomedical framework
which an infant observes an adult's facial acts and creates a "supramodal" framework. With proprioceptive feedback, an infant can then distinguish whether
Intermodal_mapping
Relatively long lasting emotional, internal and subjective state
muscles. Each basic emotion is associated with a distinctive facial expression, due to feedback from the expression that contributes to the emotional feeling
Mood_(psychology)
Horse who performed math tricks (1890s–1910s)
horse's taps approached the right answer, the questioner's posture and facial expression changed in ways that were consistent with an increase in tension
Clever_Hans
Claims of perceiving information by a 6th sense, the mind
stacking effect, an error that occurs in ESP research. Trial-by-trial feedback given in studies using a "closed" ESP target sequence (e.g., a deck of
Extrasensory_perception
Perception of distinct categories in a variable along a continuum
observed by looking at facial expressions. Emotions and their relation to categorical perception are often studied using facial expressions. Faces contain
Categorical_perception
Any condition that is significantly different from a normal waking state
Herben-Dekker M, van der Naalt J, Fridman EA (12 June 2013). "Deficits in Facial Emotion Recognition Indicate Behavioral Changes and Impaired Self-Awareness
Altered state of consciousness
Altered_state_of_consciousness
Involuntary head rotation phenomenon caused by lateral skin shear on the head
tactile and proprioceptive feedback. In support of the skin-shear hypothesis, studies have shown that lateral stretching of the facial skin alone can induce
Hanger_reflex
Basic emotion
evolutionary significance. Facial feedback has also been implicated in the expression of disgust. That is, the making of the facial expression of disgust leads
Disgust
falsified emotion. In going with Darwin's inhibition hypothesis, Ekman proposed that those facial movements that cannot be voluntary controlled when one
Non-verbal_leakage
Technological phenomenon with social implications
existing racial, socioeconomic, and gender biases. The relative inability of facial recognition technology to accurately identify darker-skinned faces has been
Algorithmic_bias
director. Feedback Reporting back or giving information back, usually to the teacher; feedback can be verbal, written or nonverbal in the form of facial expressions
Glossary of language education terms
Glossary_of_language_education_terms
Scientific theories
stated that craniofacial growth happened because of growth signals and feedback mechanisms. Petrovich theorized a Cybernetic Model for the Servosystem
Theories of craniofacial growth
Theories_of_craniofacial_growth
Child development theory
experiments showed that 12-month-old infants had learned to use their mothers' facial expressions as signals of potential affordances. If mothers smiled, infants
Gibsonian ecological theory of development
Gibsonian_ecological_theory_of_development
Branch of biology concerning depressive disorders in humans
of the serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR). This hypothesis was widely discussed in both the scientific literature and popular media
Biology_of_depression
Evolutionary effects of sexual selection on humans
explain a number of human anatomical features. These include rounded breasts, facial hair, pubic hair and penis size. The breasts of primates are flat, yet are
Sexual_selection_in_humans
Philosopher and writer (born 1973)
effects and the Fermi paradox. In a paper called "The Vulnerable World Hypothesis", Bostrom suggests that there may be some technologies that destroy human
Nick_Bostrom
Interpersonal communication through wordless (mostly visual) cues
sender intended. Encoding is the act of generating information such as facial expressions, gestures, and postures. Encoding information utilizes signals
Nonverbal_communication
Concept concerning content amplification by recommendation systems
had not assessed the full range of the laws' applications required for facial challenges. A separate strand of the debate concerns whether reducing an
Algorithmic_amplification
Mechanism for evolution
Natural Selection. There he described a scenario, Fisherian runaway, where feedback between mate preference and a trait results in elaborate characters such
Mate_choice
Type of animal communication
Expressive abilities of the face are the basis of nonverbal expression. These facial signals help maintain dominance or "status" relationships by allowing species
Dominance_signal
computers in new ways. These include visual, auditory, and tactile (haptic) feedback systems, which serve as channels for interaction in both traditional interfaces
Human–computer_interaction
Interpretation of sensory information
active debate about the extent to which perception is an active process of hypothesis testing, analogous to science, or whether realistic sensory information
Perception
Physical transition from a child to an adult
different racial groups. Facial hair is often present in late adolescence, but may not appear until significantly later. Facial hair will continue to get
Puberty
Cognitive bias of experimental subject
incorrectly because of the tendency to look for information that affirms their hypothesis, and overlook information that conflicts with it. It is a significant
Observer-expectancy_effect
Suppression of autistic behaviors
anxiety, amygdala hyperarousal, sensory overload), mirroring/imitating facial expressions, body language and tone of others when unsure of appropriate
Autistic_masking
Computerized information extraction from images
Inference and control requirements for IUS are: search and hypothesis activation, matching and hypothesis testing, generation and use of expectations, change
Computer_vision
2019. Dunning, Brian (16 April 2013). "Listener Feedback: Aliens and UFOs (Skeptoid digs into the feedback mailbag and answers questions about aliens and
List of alleged extraterrestrial beings
List_of_alleged_extraterrestrial_beings
Proposed constructs pertaining to the vagus nerve
expression of emotional and social behaviour. It claims that in mammals, facial expressions are connected to internal physical reactions, such as cardiac
Polyvagal_theory
Transfer of information from animal to animal
intentional gestures to communicate. Facial expression Another important signal of emotion in animal communication are facial gestures. Blue-and- yellow macaws
Animal_communication
Study of paranormal and psychic phenomena
to explore the hypothesis that psychic abilities exist despite a century of experimental results that fail to demonstrate that hypothesis conclusively.
Parapsychology
Sensory organ of vision
fixation point, i.e., the point at which one's gaze is directed) varies by facial anatomy, but is typically 30° superior (up, limited by the brow), 45° nasal
Human_eye
Website on which reviews can be posted about people, businesses, products, or services
and L. A. Roggman examined whether facial attractiveness was linked to geometric averageness. To test their hypothesis, they selected photographs of 192
Review_site
Visual response in some blind people
emotions correctly guessed the emotion most of the time. The movement of facial muscles used in smiling and frowning were measured and reacted in ways that
Blindsight
Experience of feeling or emotion
does not. Affect is sometimes used to mean affect display, which is "a facial, vocal, or gestural behavior that serves as an indicator of affect" (APA
Affect_(psychology)
Type of AI with wide-ranging abilities
intelligence: Strong AI hypothesis: An artificial intelligence system can have "a mind" and "consciousness". Weak AI hypothesis: An artificial intelligence
Artificial general intelligence
Artificial_general_intelligence
Spontaneous spread of emotions among a group
contributes to cognitive development initiated in pregnancy. According to a hypothesis of pre-perceptual multimodal integration, the association of affective
Emotional_contagion
Full immersion in an activity
Csíkszentmihályi lists as being a part of the flow experience: Immediate feedback Feeling the potential to succeed Feeling so engrossed in the experience
Flow_(psychology)
Anything that causes a sexual response
as strong reinforcers of sexual arousal, creating a powerful positive feedback effect. Thus, copulatory vocalisations are likely to serve mutual sexual
Sexual_stimulation
Complex animal communication
automatic conditioned behaviors or unconditioned instincts, usually including facial expressions). The current academic consensus is that animal communication
Animal_language
Mode of natural selection involving the choosing of and competition for mates
the species, these rules can be reversed. This is caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing-on of the desire
Sexual_selection
Primary male sex hormone
and after birth (usually at puberty) a deepening of the voice, growth of facial hair (such as the beard) and axillary (underarm) hair. Many of these fall
Testosterone
Controversy surrounding a hypothesized medical condition
gender dysphoria (ROGD) is a controversial, scientifically unsupported hypothesis which claims that some adolescents identify as transgender and experience
Rapid-onset gender dysphoria controversy
Rapid-onset_gender_dysphoria_controversy
sometimes anecdotal) approach has since developed into a more robust, hypothesis-driven, scientific approach. Cognitive bias tests and learned helplessness
Emotion_in_animals
Link between emotions and culture
intrapersonal and interpersonal phenomena, are often conveyed behaviorally (e.g., facial expressions, body postures, inflections), and are almost always felt physiologically
Emotions_and_culture
Artificial intelligence field of study
bad actors maliciously build into an AI system. For example, a trojaned facial recognition system could grant access when a specific piece of jewelry is
AI_safety
Former method of smallpox immunisation
contracted the disease herself. Although she survived, she was left with severe facial scarring. While in the Ottoman Empire she came across the process of variolation
Variolation
Ratio of lengths of fingers
high 2D:4D ratios (indicating high estrogen) express greater levels of facial symmetry. The prenatal sex hormone ratio (indicated by 2D:4D) was associated
Digit_ratio
Study of cognitive processes involved in social interactions
perspectives, e.g., psychophysiology, and neurobiology. Currently, only one hypothesis attempts to explain neurophysiological processes occurring during shared
Social_cognition
Effort being used in the working memory
researchers have explored various physiological parameters like heart rate, facial expression, and ocular parameters. In aviation there are numerous simulation
Cognitive_load
Psychic ability
Subjects could see and hear the experimenter, and note subtle but revealing facial expressions or changes in breathing." Milbourne Christopher. (1970). ESP
Telepathy
Peptide hormone and neuropeptide
production. Production and secretion of oxytocin is controlled by a positive feedback mechanism, where its initial release stimulates production and release
Oxytocin
Mental disorder with psychotic symptoms
including facial perception and insight that are in part included in theory of mind impairments. Poor cognitive functioning, decision-making, and facial perception
Schizophrenia
Slow mental activity
bradyphrenia was one of the reasons for slow auditory feedback as measured by the DAF (Delayed Auditory Feedback). Dobbs et al., completed an experiment whereby
Bradyphrenia
Pain in the head, neck, or face
groups 5-12 as secondary headaches, cranial neuralgia, central and primary facial pain and other headaches for the last two groups. The ICHD-2 classification
Headache
Mental image of a person from a first encounter
to negative cues due to a slower processing speed, causing them to see facial features on young adults as more positive than younger adults do. One's
First_impression_(psychology)
Group of neural structures responsible for motivation and desire
generation liking and wanting. The inhibition (or hyperpolarization) hypothesis proposes that the nucleus accumbens exerts tonic inhibitory effects on
Reward_system
Tropane alkaloid and stimulant drug
psychostimulants for cocaine dependence, following the Self-Medication Hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that some individuals use cocaine to address underlying
Cocaine
Psychological theory regarding individuals on the autism spectrum
economics, anthropology, robotics, and narratology. The mind-blindness hypothesis, in addition to being questioned shortly after its publication, has faced
Double_empathy_problem
Study of signs
signifying practices like raising a thumb and other gestures, as well as facial expressions like laughing and frowning. Other types of non-verbal communication
Semiotics
Intense hostile emotional state of mind
anger can be found in facial expressions, body language, physiological responses, and at times public acts of aggression. Facial expressions can range
Anger
Basic emotion induced by a perceived threat
conditioned stimuli. This safety signal can be a source of feedback or even stimulus change. Intrinsic feedback or information coming from within, muscle twitches
Fear
Scientific study of human society and relationships
interaction. This preparedness is expressed in ways such as their imitation of facial gestures. This observed behavior cannot be attributed to any current form
Sociology
Retrieval of events or information from the past
independent association hypothesis think that the equal strengths of forward and backward recall are compatible with their hypothesis because forward and
Recall_(memory)
Vertebrate natural glucocorticoid hormone
immune response. Cortisol also has a negative-feedback effect on IL-1. The way this negative feedback works is that an immune stressor causes peripheral
Cortisol
American right-wing populist political ideology
economics and so on. Connolly observes that animated gestures, pantomiming, facial expressions, strutting and finger pointing are incorporated as part of the
Trumpism
Vertebrate brain region
cells and then give an inhibitory feedback to the pyramidal cells. This recurrent inhibition is a simple feedback circuit that can dampen excitatory
Hippocampus
Essential nutrient
reducing facial acne, combating skin dark spots and reducing wrinkles and lines associated with aging often contain retinyl palmitate. The hypothesis is that
Vitamin_A
Typical antipsychotic medication
different effects. Dopamine, unable to bind with a receptor, causes a feedback loop that causes dopaminergic neurons to release more dopamine. Therefore
Chlorpromazine
Use of neuroscience in study of social cognition
precede DMN during social cognition. However, the extent of feedforward, feedback, and recurrent processing within and between MNS and DMN is not yet well-characterized
Social_cognitive_neuroscience
Type of therapy
as well as smaller, more sophisticated devices that may have automated feedback control, and conditional compatibility with magnetic resonance imaging
Neuromodulation_(medicine)
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
people with PD, masked facial expressions and difficulty moderating facial expressions of emotion or recognizing other people's facial expressions can affect
Parkinson's_disease
Intelligence of machines
visual input. The field includes speech recognition, image classification, facial recognition, object recognition, object tracking, and robotic perception
Artificial_intelligence
Protein that initiates male sex determination in therian mammals
stabilize message processing. However, there are complications to this hypothesis, because WT1 also is responsible for expression of an antagonist of male
Sex-determining region Y protein
Sex-determining_region_Y_protein
Swiss psychologist (1896–1980)
[617+395+384+111+167+32=1706] Meltzoff, A. N. & Moore, M. K. (1977). Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates. [1497] Case, R. (1985). Intellectual
Jean_Piaget
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