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The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's (MBARI's) Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) is a "lab in a can" designed for autonomous deployment. The
Environmental Sample Processor
Environmental_Sample_Processor
American oceanographic research institute
onset and development of a harmful algal bloom (HAB) using the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP)—an undersea, robotic DNA laboratory. Using the ESP, researchers
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
Monterey_Bay_Aquarium_Research_Institute
Monitoring of the quality of the environment
Environmental monitoring is the scope of processes and activities that are done to characterize and describe the state of the environment. It is used in
Environmental_monitoring
Former NASA program
The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute’s Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) The Environmentally Non-Disturbing Under-Ice Robotic Antarctic Explorer
Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets
Astrobiology_Science_and_Technology_for_Exploring_Planets
Selection of data points in statistics
called a statistical sample (or sample, for short), is meant to reflect the whole population, and statisticians attempt to collect samples that are representative
Sampling_(statistics)
Sampling from a population which can be partitioned into subpopulations
vary, it could be advantageous to sample each subpopulation (stratum) independently. Stratification is the process of dividing members of the population
Stratified_sampling
Limited amount of something intended to represent a larger amount of the same
Commission. p. 7-1. Retrieved 5 July 2018. Sampling is the process of collecting a portion of an environmental medium as representative of the locally remaining
Sample_(material)
Probability distribution of the possible sample outcomes
In statistics, a sampling distribution or finite-sample distribution is the probability distribution of a given random-sample-based statistic. For an arbitrarily
Sampling_distribution
Statistical considerations on how many observations to make
Sample size determination or estimation is the act of choosing the number of observations or replicates to include in a statistical sample. The sample
Sample_size_determination
Designing how data is held in a database
database management system manages the data accordingly. Database design is a process that consists of several steps. The first step of database design involves
Database_design
Digital signal processing software for audio
The Environmental Audio Extensions (or EAX) are a number of digital signal processing presets for audio, present in Creative Technology Sound Blaster
Environmental Audio Extensions
Environmental_Audio_Extensions
Statistical sampling technique
hypercube sampling (LHS) is a statistical method for generating a near-random sample of parameter values from a multidimensional distribution. The sampling method
Latin_hypercube_sampling
DNA sampled from the environment rather than directly from an individual organism
Environmental DNA or eDNA is DNA that is collected from a variety of environmental samples such as soil, sediment, freshwater, seawater, snow or air, rather
Environmental_DNA
Listeria, etc. Four sample collection sites for PCR food testing can be: The food irrigation water. The food wash water. Environmental samples collected in the
PCR_food_testing
Statistical measure of how far values spread from their average
the variance calculated from this is called the sample variance. The variance calculated from a sample is considered an estimate of the full population
Variance
Cylindrical section of (usually) a naturally-occurring substance
A core sample is a cylindrical section of (usually) a naturally occurring substance. Most core samples are obtained by drilling with special drills into
Core_sample
Statistical hypothesis test
where x ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {x}}} is the sample mean, s is the sample standard deviation and n is the sample size. The degrees of freedom used in this
Student's_t-test
Passive sampling is an environmental monitoring technique involving the use of a collecting medium, such as a man-made device or biological organism, to
Passive_sampling
Contamination assessment for US real estate, known as 'ESA'
where they will be subject to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund program. The actual sampling of soil, air, groundwater and/or building
Phase I environmental site assessment
Phase_I_environmental_site_assessment
Field of electrical engineering
became widely used with specialized digital signal processor chips in the 1980s. In signal processing, a signal is represented as a function of time: x
Signal_processing
Statistical method
error, etc.) to sample estimates. This technique allows estimation of the sampling distribution of almost any statistic using random sampling methods. Bootstrapping
Bootstrapping_(statistics)
Assessment against standards for use
University, Leicestershire, UK. State of California Environmental Protection Agency Representative Sampling of Ground Water for Hazardous Substances (1994)
Water_quality
Statistical property
generated by repeated sampling from the same population and recording the sample mean per sample. This forms a distribution of different sample means, and this
Standard_error
Study of genes found in the environment
allowed researchers to profile the microbial composition of environmental and clinical samples without the need for time-consuming culture of individual
Metagenomics
Sampling methodology in statistics
In statistics, cluster sampling is a sampling plan used when mutually homogeneous yet internally heterogeneous groupings are evident in a statistical population
Cluster_sampling
Measure of variation in statistics
to calculate standard error for a finite sample, and to determine statistical significance. When only a sample of data from a population is available,
Standard_deviation
Single measure of some attribute of a sample
A statistic (singular) or sample statistic is any quantity computed from values in a sample which is considered for a statistical purpose. Statistical
Statistic
Method of statistical sampling
random sampling from the stratified groups, where each element within the same subgroup are selected unbiasedly during any stage of the sampling process, randomly
Stratified_randomization
Chromatography process
October 2014). "Dissolved Methane Sampling and Analysis Techniques" (PDF). Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories Environmental. Archived from the original (PDF)
Headspace_gas_chromatography
Radar performance enhancement strategy
and Q samples described above are used to begin the filtering process. These samples are organized into the m × n matrix of time domain samples shown
Pulse-Doppler signal processing
Pulse-Doppler_signal_processing
Piece of equipment used by entomologists
contribute to essential ecological processes such as decomposition, nutrient cycling, and soil formation. Sampling leaf litter enables researchers to
Leaf_litter_sieve
Statistical test comparing two probability distributions
test whether a sample came from a given reference probability distribution (one-sample K–S test), or to test whether or not two samples came from the same
Kolmogorov–Smirnov_test
Environmental injustice that occurs within a racialized context
Environmental racism is the disproportionate impact of environmental hazards, pollution, and ecological degradation on marginalized communities and on
Environmental_racism
Theoretical sampling is a process of data collection for generating theory whereby the analyst jointly collects codes and analyses data and decides what
Theoretical_sampling
Study of the environment
core sampling. Environmental science was brought to the forefront of society in 1962 when Rachel Carson published an influential piece of environmental literature
Environmental_science
Measure of the shape of a function
estimated using the kth raw sample moment 1 n ∑ i = 1 n X i k {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{n}}\sum _{i=1}^{n}X_{i}^{k}} applied to a sample X1, ..., Xn drawn from
Moment_(mathematics)
Type of sampling strategy
statistics, multistage sampling is the taking of samples in stages using smaller and smaller sampling units at each stage. Multistage sampling can be a complex
Multistage_sampling
Genetic technique for identifying organisms in mixed samples
derived from one environmental or bulk sample. Environmental DNA or eDNA describes the genetic material present in environmental samples such as sediment
Metabarcoding
German laboratory products company
that perform clinical or environmental analysis, in forensic laboratories, and in industrial laboratories where industrial process analysis, production and
Eppendorf_(company)
Type of electron microscope
produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons. The electrons interact with atoms in the sample, producing various
Scanning_electron_microscope
Empirical law on the variance of species in a habitat
the test statistic, s2 is the variance of the sample, m is the mean of the sample and n is the sample size. Jn is asymptotically normally distributed
Taylor's_law
Statistical model validation technique
Cross-validation, sometimes called rotation estimation or out-of-sample testing, is any of various similar model validation techniques for assessing how
Cross-validation_(statistics)
Kth smallest value in a statistical sample
statistics, the kth order statistic of a statistical sample is equal to its kth-smallest value. Given a sample of size n {\displaystyle n} , the kth order statistic
Order_statistic
Tasks in machine learning
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 354 "Subject: What are the population, sample, training set, design set, validation set, and test set?", Neural Network
Training, validation, and test data sets
Training,_validation,_and_test_data_sets
Animal population estimation method
of marked individuals within the sample is counted. Since the number of marked individuals within the second sample should be proportional to the number
Mark_and_recapture
microscope must move or scan across the sample while the stimuli is being applied, altering the sample. Environmental cells expand the capabilities of in-situ
In_situ_electron_microscopy
Public health branch focused on environmental impacts on human health
of environmental health are environmental science, toxicology, environmental epidemiology, and environmental and occupational medicine. Environmental health
Environmental_health
Method of quality control
X_{2},\dots ,X_{t}} of a process characteristic. The monitored characteristic can be single observations, averages of samples or batches, ranges, variances
Statistical_process_control
Extremely small fragments of plastic
representation of occurring environmental concentrations, imposing difficulties for risk and effect assessment. Differences in sample preparation and measuring
Microplastics
Correlation of a signal with a time-shifted copy of itself, as a function of shift
underlying stochastic process. The result implies that sample autocorrelations across lags are not independent. It also shows that the sample ACF cannot be positive
Autocorrelation
Rocks on or from the Moon
in which they were found. They were placed inside sample bags and then a Special Environmental Sample Container for return to the Earth to protect them
Moon_rock
Industrially formulated edible substance
increases in food packaging, food waste, and other environmental impacts. Concerns about food processing have existed since at least the Industrial Revolution
Ultra-processed_food
Probabilistic problem-solving algorithm
to simulate these sophisticated nonlinear Markov processes is to sample multiple copies of the process, replacing in the evolution equation the unknown
Monte_Carlo_method
Interior fungal growth
observations before sampling is even needed. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) does not generally recommend sampling unless an occupant
Indoor_mold
Sound card
for DirectSound and EAX 1.0 and 2.0 (environmental audio extensions), along with a high-quality 64-voice MIDI sample-based synthesizer and an integrated
Sound_Blaster_Live!
ISO standard method
detailed definition and description of: Test preparations and environmental conditions Sample size (at least 3 printers with 3 cartridges each) Paper type
ISO/IEC_19752
Statistical measure of variability
robust or outlier-resistant measure of the variability of a univariate sample of quantitative data. For a univariate data set X1, X2, ..., Xn, the MAD
Median_absolute_deviation
Radioactivity naturally present within the Earth
accurate determination of the age of the sample even if some of the lead has been lost. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity Naturally occurring radioactive
Environmental_radioactivity
Class of perfluorinated chemical compounds
and thermal stability of PFAS leads to these compounds having long environmental lifetimes, hence the common nickname "forever chemicals". The first
PFAS
Chemical excitation technique
Flash photolysis is a pump-probe laboratory technique, in which a sample is first excited by a strong pulse of light from a pulsed laser of nanosecond
Flash_photolysis
Statistical methods for comparing samples
The two-proportion Z-test (also called the two-sample proportion Z-test) is a statistical hypothesis test for assessing whether two groups differ in the
Two-proportion_Z-test
Effects of drugs on the environment
that it threatens "environmental and/or human health in more than a quarter of the studied locations". It investigated 1052 sampling sites along 258 rivers
Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products
Environmental_impact_of_pharmaceuticals_and_personal_care_products
Chemical element with atomic number 82 (Pb)
31 January 2017. United States Environmental Protection Agency (2010). "Metallurgical Industry:Secondary Lead Processing". AP 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant
Lead
U.S. federal government agency
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States government tasked with environmental protection matters. President
United States Environmental Protection Agency
United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency
Dangers to or dangers of environments
An environmental hazard is something which is hazardous, either to the natural environment or of the natural environment and which is normally present
Environmental_hazard
Study of health and disease within a population
External validity pertains to the process of generalizing the findings of the study to the population from which the sample was drawn (or even beyond that
Epidemiology
Measure the amount of a target entity
organization of the procedure, from ordering an assay to pre-analytic sample processing (sample collection, necessary manipulations e.g. spinning for separation
Assay
Process of using data analysis for predicting population data from sample data
hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population. Inferential statistics can be contrasted with
Statistical_inference
Modified Active Gas Sampling (MAGS) is an environmental engineering assessment technique which rapidly detects unsaturated soil source areas impacted
Modified_active_gas_sampling
Application of statistical methods to environmental science
the field of environmental science include earthquake risk analysis, environmental policymaking, ecological sampling planning, environmental forensics.
Environmental_statistics
Distribution function associated with the empirical measure of a sample
is the distribution function associated with the empirical measure of a sample. This cumulative distribution function is a step function that jumps up
Empirical distribution function
Empirical_distribution_function
Industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina
(PDF). Environmental Science & Technology. 45 (4): 1616–1622. Bibcode:2011EnST...45.1616R. doi:10.1021/es104000m. PMID 21204523. "Bayer's Process for Alumina
Bayer_process
Type of stochastic process
the simplest example of a stationary process. An example of a discrete-time stationary process where the sample space is also discrete (so that the random
Stationary_process
NASA rover exploring Mars since 2012
others are PowerPC processors: the main processor, which handles nearly all of the rover's ground functions, and that processor's backup. The fourth one
Curiosity_(rover)
Statistical hypothesis test
statistical hypothesis test used in the analysis of contingency tables when the sample sizes are large. In simpler terms, this test is primarily used to examine
Chi-squared_test
The environmental impact of the petroleum industry is extensive and expansive due to petroleum having many uses. Crude oil and natural gas are primary
Health and environmental impact of the petroleum industry
Health_and_environmental_impact_of_the_petroleum_industry
Analysis of waste streams
is a manual process. For example, at a waste management plant, it may consist of taking a tonne from a garbage truck, dividing the sample into four parts
Waste_characterisation
Analytical methods used to monitor environmental hazards
In the environmental sciences, screening broadly refers to analytical techniques used to monitor levels of potentially hazardous organic compounds in
Screening_(environmental)
Range to estimate an unknown parameter
from a random sample. Because the sample is random, the interval endpoints are random variables. Let X {\displaystyle X} be a random sample from a probability
Confidence_interval
Measure of linear correlation
correlations. As a simple example, one would expect the age and height of a sample of children from a school to have a Pearson correlation coefficient significantly
Pearson correlation coefficient
Pearson_correlation_coefficient
US military airborne general-purpose computer
equipment The general processing control module (GPM) and the processor support module (PSM) make up a 16-bit central processor. for a general purpose
AN/AYK-14
Overview of human rights violations associated with the mining of columbite-tantalum
the mining process itself can be environmentally hazardous. Since it is usually pan-mined, the mining process and slurry from this process can contaminate
Coltan_mining_and_ethics
Type of hardware test
Environmental stress screening (ESS) refers to the process of exposing a newly manufactured or repaired product or component (typically electronic) to
Environmental stress screening
Environmental_stress_screening
Study of convergence properties of statistical estimators
In statistics, asymptotic theory, or large sample theory, is a framework for assessing properties of estimators and statistical tests. Within this framework
Asymptotic theory (statistics)
Asymptotic_theory_(statistics)
identify and quantify the chemical components and properties of water samples. The type and sensitivity of the analysis depends on the purpose of the
Analysis_of_water_chemistry
Solid phase extraction method
chromatography or liquid-liquid chromatography. Samples prepared using the QuEChERS method can be processed more quickly using a homogenization instrument
QuEChERS
Family of statistical methods based on sampling of available data
samples based on one observed sample. Resampling methods are: Permutation tests (also re-randomization tests) for generating counterfactual samples Bootstrapping
Resampling_(statistics)
Nonparametric test of the null hypothesis
two-sample problem is the median of all possible differences between an observation in the first sample and an observation in the second sample. Otherwise
Mann–Whitney_U_test
Epigenetics study conducted in Sweden
including small sample sizes, borderline statistical significance, progeny size effects, puberty estimation, regional food access and environmental effects.
Överkalix_study
Measure of the asymmetry of random variables
{x}}} is the sample mean, s is the sample standard deviation, m2 is the (biased) sample second central moment, and m3 is the (biased) sample third central
Skewness
Large type of parasitic organism
amount of helminth eggs in an environmental sample with some accuracy. The detection of viable helminth eggs in samples of wastewater, sludge or fresh
Parasitic_worm
Type of chromatography
literature. Gas chromatography is the process of separating compounds in a mixture by injecting a gaseous or liquid sample into a mobile phase, typically called
Gas_chromatography
Processes that maintain quality at a constant level
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part
Quality_control
Fundamental theorem in probability theory and statistics
appropriate conditions, the distribution of a normalized version of the sample mean converges to a standard normal distribution. This holds even if the
Central_limit_theorem
Environmental problems caused by warfare
The study of the environmental impact of war focuses on the modernization of warfare and its increasing effects on the environment. Tactics such as scorched
Environmental_impact_of_war
Marine research program (2003–2013)
ships to monitor and sample sub-seafloor environments. With this research, the IODP documented environmental change, Earth processes and effects, the biosphere
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
Integrated_Ocean_Drilling_Program
industrial processes, scientific research, and environmental water monitoring. A quantitative method to determine the amount of phosphate present in samples, such
Phosphate_test
Middle quantile of a data set or probability distribution
numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be
Median
Pollution caused by historical use of a chemical
years after the initial polluting process, and require environmental remediation. Grassroots communities and environmental defenders frequently advocate for
Legacy_pollution
Species that reveals the status of an environment
a sample of dried fecal matter, compost or fecal sludge is often used to assess the efficiency of diverse wastewater and sludge treatment processes in
Bioindicator
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