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Statistical measure of how far values spread from their average
In probability theory and statistics, variance is a measure of dispersion, meaning it is a measure of how far a set of numbers are spread out from their
Variance
Collection of statistical models
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a family of statistical methods used to compare the means of two or more groups by analyzing variance. Specifically, ANOVA
Analysis_of_variance
Property of a model
In statistics and machine learning, the bias–variance tradeoff describes the relationship between a model's complexity, the accuracy of its predictions
Bias–variance_tradeoff
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up variance in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In probability theory and statistics, variance measures how far a set of numbers are spread out.
Variance_(disambiguation)
Measure of frequency stability in clocks and oscillators
The Allan variance (AVAR), also known as two-sample variance, is a measure of frequency stability in clocks, oscillators and amplifiers. It is named after
Allan_variance
Realized variance or realised variance (RV, see spelling differences) is the sum of squared returns. For instance, the RV can be the sum of squared daily
Realized_variance
Measure of variation in statistics
data set or probability distribution is the square root of its variance (the variance being the average of the squared deviations from the mean). A useful
Standard_deviation
The generalized variance is a scalar value which generalizes variance for multivariate random variables. It was introduced by Samuel S. Wilks. The generalized
Generalized_variance
Statistical measure in mathematical model
In statistics, the variance inflation factor (VIF) is the ratio (quotient) of the variance of a parameter estimate when fitting a full model that includes
Variance_inflation_factor
Variance risk premium is a phenomenon on the variance swap market, of the variance swap strike being greater than the realized variance on average. For
Variance_risk_premium
average variance extracted (AVE) is a measure of the amount of variance that is captured by a construct in relation to the amount of variance due to measurement
Average_variance_extracted
Theorem in probability theory
total variance is a fundamental result in probability theory that expresses the variance of a random variable Y in terms of its conditional variances and
Law_of_total_variance
Concept in applied statistics
In applied statistics, a variance-stabilizing transformation is a data transformation that is specifically chosen either to simplify considerations in
Variance-stabilizing transformation
Variance-stabilizing_transformation
Fictional organization appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics
The Time Variance Authority (TVA) is a fictional organization appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is depicted as a group of
Time_Variance_Authority
Statistical amount
variance σ i 2 {\displaystyle \sigma _{i}^{2}} , all having the same mean, one possible choice for the weights is given by the reciprocal of variance:
Weighted_arithmetic_mean
Probability distribution
median and mode), while the parameter σ 2 {\textstyle \sigma ^{2}} is the variance. The standard deviation of the distribution is the positive value σ {\displaystyle
Normal_distribution
Important algorithms in numerical statistics
Algorithms for calculating variance play a major role in computational statistics. A key difficulty in the design of good algorithms for this problem is
Algorithms for calculating variance
Algorithms_for_calculating_variance
Sales variance is the difference between actual sales and budgeted sales. It is used to measure the performance of a sales function, and/or analyze business
Sales_variance
Mathematical framework for investment risk
Modern portfolio theory (MPT), or mean-variance analysis, is a mathematical framework for assembling a portfolio of assets such that the expected return
Modern_portfolio_theory
manner in which variances are employed can differ greatly depending on the municipality. A variance may also be known as a standards variance, referring to
Variance_(land_use)
Form of global sensitivity analysis
Variance-based sensitivity analysis (often referred to as the Sobol’ method or Sobol’ indices, after Ilya M. Sobol’) is a form of global sensitivity analysis
Variance-based sensitivity analysis
Variance-based_sensitivity_analysis
Measure of covariance of components of a random vector
matrix (also known as auto-covariance matrix, dispersion matrix, variance matrix, or variance–covariance matrix) is a square matrix giving the covariance between
Covariance_matrix
Statistical property
all its random variables have the same finite variance; this is also known as homogeneity of variance. The complementary notion is called heteroscedasticity
Homoscedasticity and heteroscedasticity
Homoscedasticity_and_heteroscedasticity
Difference between standard cost and amount sold
in general, a variance is the difference between a budgeted, planned, or standard cost and the actual amount incurred/sold. Variances can be computed
Variance_(accounting)
Biological concept
Genetic variance is a concept outlined by the English biologist and statistician Ronald Fisher in his fundamental theorem of natural selection. In his
Genetic_variance
Concept in mathematical modelling
given data set. Often, variation is quantified as variance; then, the more specific term explained variance can be used. The complementary part of the total
Explained_variation
Statistical method
In statistics, inverse-variance weighting is a method of aggregating two or more random variables to minimize the variance of the weighted average. Each
Inverse-variance_weighting
Variance of a random variable given value of other variables
In probability theory and statistics, a conditional variance is the variance of a random variable given the value(s) of one or more other variables. Particularly
Conditional_variance
Middle quantile of a data set or probability distribution
the minimum-variance mean (for large normal samples), which is to say the variance of the median will be ~50% greater than the variance of the mean.
Median
Empirical law on the variance of species in a habitat
Taylor's power law is an empirical law in ecology that relates the variance of the number of individuals of a species per unit area of habitat to the corresponding
Taylor's_law
Type of financial derivative
A conditional variance swap is a type of variance swap or swap derivative product that allows investors to take exposure to volatility in the price of
Conditional_variance_swap
Over-the-counter financial derivative
A variance swap is an over-the-counter financial derivative that allows one to speculate on or hedge risks associated with the magnitude of movement, i
Variance_swap
variance inequality states that the variance of the sum of binomially distributed random variables will always be less than or equal to the variance of
Binomial sum variance inequality
Binomial_sum_variance_inequality
Programming language concept
In computer programming, type variance is the relationship between subtypes of a composite type (e.g. List[Int]) and the subtypes of its components (e
Type_variance
Statistical uncertainty in universe observations
The term cosmic variance is the statistical uncertainty inherent in observations of the universe at extreme distances. It has three different but closely
Cosmic_variance
Measure of the error of an estimator
moment (about the origin) of the error, and thus incorporates both the variance of the estimator (how widely spread the estimates are from one data sample
Mean_squared_error
the social sciences and psychometrics), common-method variance (CMV) is the spurious "variance that is attributable to the measurement method rather than
Common-method_variance
Relative measure of dispersion expressed as the ratio of standard deviation to the mean
distribution) are considered low-variance, while those with CV > 1 (such as a hyper-exponential distribution) are considered high-variance[citation needed]. Some
Coefficient_of_variation
Quasi-variance (qv) estimates are a statistical approach that is suitable for communicating the effects of a categorical explanatory variable within a
Quasi-variance
Variable bandwidth variant of Allan variance
The modified Allan variance (MVAR), also known as mod σy2(τ), is a variable bandwidth modified variant of Allan variance, a measurement of frequency stability
Modified_Allan_variance
Statistical property
has its own mean and variance. Mathematically, the variance of the sampling mean distribution obtained is equal to the variance of the population divided
Standard_error
Smooth function in statistics
statistics, the variance function is a smooth function that depicts the variance of a random quantity as a function of its mean. The variance function is
Variance_function
Method for estimating variance of several different populations
In statistics, pooled variance (also known as combined variance, composite variance, or overall variance, and written σ 2 {\displaystyle \sigma ^{2}} )
Pooled_variance
Unbiased statistical estimator minimizing variance
minimum-variance unbiased estimator (MVUE) or uniformly minimum-variance unbiased estimator (UMVUE) is an unbiased estimator that has lower variance than
Minimum-variance unbiased estimator
Minimum-variance_unbiased_estimator
Cosmic Variance was a collaborative weblog discussing physics, astrophysics, and other topics, written by JoAnne Hewett, Mark Trodden, Sean Carroll, Risa
Cosmic_Variance_(blog)
Family of optimization algorithms
(Stochastic) variance reduction is an algorithmic approach to minimizing functions that can be decomposed into finite sums. By exploiting the finite sum
Stochastic_variance_reduction
Film distribution company
Variance Films is a privately held film distribution company founded in 2008 that uses a model of self-distribution combined with select elements of traditional
Variance_Films
Financial derivative option based on realized variance of an underlying asset
In finance, an option on realized variance (or variance option) is a type of variance derivatives which is the derivative securities on which the payoff
Option_on_realized_variance
Statistical noise
In statistics, the fraction of variance unexplained (FVU) in the context of a regression task is the fraction of variance of the regressand (dependent variable)
Fraction of variance unexplained
Fraction_of_variance_unexplained
Non-conventional expression of gender in humans
Gender nonconformity or gender variance is gender expression by an individual whose behavior, mannerisms, or appearance do not match masculine or feminine
Gender_nonconformity
Statistical hypothesis test
t-tests, though strictly speaking that name should only be used if the variances of the two populations are also assumed to be equal; the form of the test
Student's_t-test
Indicator for how well data points fit a line or curve
fraction of variance unexplained (FVU), since the second term compares the unexplained variance (variance of the model's errors) with the total variance (of the
Coefficient_of_determination
Family of statistical methods based on sampling of available data
used in statistical inference to estimate the bias and standard error (variance) of a statistic, when a random sample of observations is used to calculate
Resampling_(statistics)
Correction for sample variance bias
correction is the use of n − 1 instead of n in the formula for the sample variance and sample standard deviation, where n is the number of observations in
Bessel's_correction
Method of data analysis
original variables that explains the most variance. The second principal component explains the most variance in what is left once the effect of the first
Principal_component_analysis
In variance analysis (accounting) direct material total variance is the difference between the actual cost of actual number of units produced and its
Direct material total variance
Direct_material_total_variance
Statistical hypothesis test
statistical test that compares variances. It is used to determine if the variances of two samples, or if the ratios of variances among multiple samples, are
F-test
quantifier variance refers to claims that there is no uniquely best ontological language with which to describe the world. The term "quantifier variance" rests
Quantifier_variance
Mathematical procedure for reducing the variance of statistical estimators
In mathematics, more specifically in the theory of Monte Carlo methods, variance reduction is a procedure used to increase the precision of the estimates
Variance_reduction
Statistical property quantifying how much a collection of data is spread out
statistical dispersion are the variance, standard deviation, and interquartile range. For instance, when the variance of data in a set is large, the data
Statistical_dispersion
Concept in probability
stochastic processes, a part of the mathematical theory of probability, the variance gamma (VG) process, also known as Laplace motion, is a Lévy process determined
Variance_gamma_process
Measure of the joint variability
behavior. The magnitude of the covariance is the geometric mean of the variances that are shared for the two random variables, where a larger magnitude
Covariance
Procedure for comparing multivariate sample means
In statistics, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is a procedure for comparing multivariate sample means. As a multivariate procedure, it is used
Multivariate analysis of variance
Multivariate_analysis_of_variance
Class of statistical models
response variable via a link function and by allowing the magnitude of the variance of each measurement to be a function of its predicted value. Generalized
Generalized_linear_model
Statistical test of whether two populations have equal means
Welch's t-test, or unequal variances t-test in statistics is a two-sample location test which is used to test the (null) hypothesis that two populations
Welch's_t-test
Pricing model
In mathematical finance, the constant elasticity of variance model (CEV) is a stochastic volatility model, although technically it would be classed more
Constant elasticity of variance model
Constant_elasticity_of_variance_model
Statistical test
Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), is a non-parametric multivariate statistical permutation test. PERMANOVA is used to compare
Permutational analysis of variance
Permutational_analysis_of_variance
Price variance (Vmp) is a term used in cost accounting which denotes the difference between the expected cost of an item (standard cost) and the actual
Price_variance
Machine learning paradigm
the sum of the bias and the variance of the learning algorithm. Generally, there is a tradeoff between bias and variance. A learning algorithm with low
Supervised_learning
Marvel Comics characters
and middle management of the timekeeping organization known as the Time Variance Authority, including Mr. Tesseract, Mr. Ouroboros, and Mr. Paradox. Mobius
Mobius_M._Mobius
applications of multivariate time series analysis, a variance decomposition or forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD) is used to aid in the interpretation
Variance decomposition of forecast errors
Variance_decomposition_of_forecast_errors
In variance analysis (accounting) direct material price variance is the difference between the standard cost and the actual cost for the actual quantity
Direct material price variance
Direct_material_price_variance
Effect of variables' uncertainties on the uncertainty of a function based on them
of the standard deviation, σ, which is the positive square root of the variance. The value of a quantity and its error are then expressed as an interval
Propagation_of_uncertainty
Continuous probability distribution
The variance-gamma distribution, generalized Laplace distribution or Bessel function distribution is a continuous probability distribution that is defined
Variance-gamma_distribution
Probability distribution
posterior variance is: variance = ( n − s ) s ( 1 + n ) n 2 , which for s = n 2 results in variance = 1 4 + 4 n {\displaystyle {\text{variance}}={\frac
Beta_distribution
the potential variance (gap) and finding solutions in case the variance occurs. Operational variances can be avoided, whereas key variances can be managed
Risk_transformation
Lower bound on variance of an estimator
there exists another with a strictly smaller variance, or if an MVU estimator exists, but its variance is strictly greater than the inverse of the Fisher
Cramér–Rao_bound
2009 studio album by Jega
Variance is the third album by the electronic musician, Jega, released on 20 July 2009 by Planet Mu. "Planet Mu Records Discography: Variance". Planet
Variance_(album)
Linear regression model with a single explanatory variable
mean β and variance σ 2 / ∑ i ( x i − x ¯ ) 2 , {\textstyle \sigma ^{2}\left/\sum _{i}(x_{i}-{\bar {x}})^{2}\right.,} where σ2 is the variance of the error
Simple_linear_regression
Statistical method
the variance in the matrix is to be accounted for (including variance unique to each variable, variance common among variables, and error variance). That
Factor_analysis
Genic capture is a hypothesis explaining the maintenance of genetic variance in traits under sexual selection. A classic problem in sexual selection is
Genic_capture
Statistical test
In statistics, one-way analysis of variance (or one-way ANOVA) is a technique to compare whether two or more samples' means are significantly different
One-way_analysis_of_variance
Statistical method that summarizes and/or integrates data from multiple sources
As such, this statistical approach involves extracting effect sizes and variance measures from various studies. By combining these effect sizes the statistical
Meta-analysis
Statistical measure of the magnitude of a phenomenon
expectation and variance of the effect sizes. In some cases large sample approximations for the variance are used. One suggestion for the variance of Hedges'
Effect_size
Statistical test
Z-tests if the sample size is large or the population variance is known. If the population variance is unknown (and therefore has to be estimated from the
Z-test
Fundamental theorem in probability theory and statistics
with expected value (average) μ {\displaystyle \mu } and finite positive variance σ 2 {\displaystyle \sigma ^{2}} , and let X ¯ n {\displaystyle {\bar {X}}_{n}}
Central_limit_theorem
Test used in statistics
statistics, an F-test of equality of variances is a test for the null hypothesis that two normal populations have the same variance. Notionally, any F-test can
F-test of equality of variances
F-test_of_equality_of_variances
Hypothesis that human males have more variance in certain traits compared to females
variance on mathematical and verbal abilities but females tend to have higher variance on fear and emotionality; however, the differences in variance
Variability_hypothesis
Member of the British royal family (1961–1997)
executors (her mother and sister) "petitioned the probate court for a 'variance' of the will", and the letter of wishes was ignored "because it did not
Diana,_Princess_of_Wales
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
remains comparatively high compared to other developed countries. The variance of natural resources among its federal subjects has also led to regional
Russia
Calculations in probability theory
squaring deviations. In probability theory and statistics, the definition of variance is either the expected value of the SDM (when considering a theoretical
Squared deviations from the mean
Squared_deviations_from_the_mean
Video encoding algorithm
Visual quality gain in x264: Variance Adaptive Quantization (VAQ) is a video encoding algorithm that was first introduced in the open source video encoder
Variance Adaptive Quantization
Variance_Adaptive_Quantization
In statistics, jackknife variance estimates for random forest are a way to estimate the variance in random forest models, in order to eliminate the bootstrap
Jackknife variance estimates for random forest
Jackknife_variance_estimates_for_random_forest
Statistical modeling method
the following two broad categories: If the goal is to reduce error, i.e. variance in prediction or forecasting, linear regression can be used to fit a predictive
Linear_regression
Set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships among variables
assumption that the population error term has a constant variance, the estimate of that variance is given by: σ ^ ε 2 = S S R n − 2 {\displaystyle {\hat
Regression_analysis
Number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary
intermediate steps in the estimation of the parameter itself. For example, if the variance is to be estimated from a random sample of N {\textstyle N} independent
Degrees of freedom (statistics)
Degrees_of_freedom_(statistics)
Definite article in English
Periphrasis Zero-marking Orthography Abbreviations Capitalization Comma Hyphen Variance African-American Vernacular English AmE and BrE grammatical differences
The
Composite of the organism's observable characteristics or traits
In genetics, the phenotype (from Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō) 'to appear, show' and τύπος (túpos) 'mark, type') is the set of observable characteristics
Phenotype
Estimation of effect of genetic variation on phenotypic variation of a trait
particularly important component of the genetic variance Var(G) is the additive variance, Var(A), which is the variance due to the average effects (additive effects)
Heritability
Statistical hypothesis test
exactly is the test that the variance of a normally distributed population has a given value based on a sample variance. Such tests are uncommon in practice
Chi-squared_test
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