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Hypothesis to explain the origins and composition of the Torah
The documentary hypothesis (DH) is one of the models used by biblical scholars to explain the origins and composition of the Torah (or Pentateuch, the
Documentary_hypothesis
Theory explaining the origins of the Torah
existing corpus of work. It serves as a revision to the earlier documentary hypothesis, which proposed that independent and complete narratives were later
Supplementary_hypothesis
Proposed explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem
A hypothesis (pl.: hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. A scientific hypothesis must be based on observations and make a testable and
Hypothesis
Attempt to establish the sources used by the authors and redactors of a biblical text
several parts of the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament). The documentary hypothesis considers the sources for the Pentateuch (the first five books of
Source criticism (biblical studies)
Source_criticism_(biblical_studies)
Biblical prophet and seer
are thought to postdate the Book(s) of Samuel (according to the Documentary Hypothesis), this would suggest Chronicles is making its claim based on religious
Samuel
First five books of the Hebrew Bible
the 20th century, there was a scholarly consensus surrounding the documentary hypothesis, which posits four independent sources, which were later compiled
Torah
Belief that the Torah was dictated to Moses by God
sources identified by the documentary hypothesis were, in fact, pre-exilic; if this were proven, he believed, then the hypothesis itself was dis-proven.
Mosaic_authorship
Book by John Van Seters
or editors). This in turn amounted to a major challenge to the Documentary Hypothesis, the dominant theory concerning the origins of the Pentateuch. At
Abraham in History and Tradition
Abraham_in_History_and_Tradition
Core group of ancient Hebrew scriptures
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Hebrew_Bible
Elliott Friedman or Joel S. Baden, support a revised version of the documentary hypothesis, holding that the Torah was composed by using four different sources—Yahwist
Composition_of_the_Torah
Relationship between historic and biblical events
criticism that culminated in Julius Wellhausen formalising the documentary hypothesis in the 1870s, which identifies these narratives as the Jahwist,
Historicity_of_the_Bible
Greek translation of Hebrew scriptures
Brenton's English Translation of the Septuagint Deuterocanonical books Documentary hypothesis – Theory that the Torah was composed over a long period by many
Septuagint
One of the four sources of the Torah
by the authors to write the first five books of the Bible. The documentary hypothesis, that priestly editors wove several independent source narratives
Jahwist
One of the four sources of the Torah in the documentary hypothesis
According to the documentary hypothesis, the Elohist (or simply E) is one of four source documents underlying the Torah, together with the Jahwist (or
Elohist
Scholarly study of biblical writings
faith. The Wellhausen hypothesis (also known as the JEDP theory, or the Documentary hypothesis, or the Graf–Wellhausen hypothesis) proposes that the Pentateuch
Biblical_criticism
American professor (born 1954)
voice. This approach stands in contrast to the adherents of the Documentary Hypothesis (JEDP Theory), which holds that different passages in the narratives
Gary_A._Rendsburg
Word for deity or deities in the Hebrew Bible
Bible uses various names for the God of Israel. According to the documentary hypothesis, these variations are the products of different source texts and
Elohim
Creation myth of Judaism and Christianity
distinct views about the nature of God and creation. According to the documentary hypothesis, the first account – which begins with Genesis 1:1 and ends with
Genesis_creation_narrative
Modern scholarly approaches to biblical authorship and textual composition
mid-20th century, the documentary hypothesis had gained nearly universal consensus among scholars. According to the documentary hypothesis, the Pentateuch was
Authorship_of_the_Bible
Incest - sexual relations between close relatives - as described in the Bible
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Incest_in_the_Bible
Aramaic phrase
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Maranatha
Biblical source criticism theory
The Kenite hypothesis, or Midianite–Kenite hypothesis, is a hypothesis about the origins of the cult of Yahweh. As a form of Biblical source criticism
Kenite_hypothesis
Biblical canon used by Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Churches
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon
Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon
Ancient books found in some editions of Bibles
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Biblical_apocrypha
2003 book by Richard Elliott Friedman
of Moses") came to be written. Friedman follows the four-source documentary hypothesis model, but differs significantly from Julius Wellhausen's model
The Bible with Sources Revealed
The_Bible_with_Sources_Revealed
Theory of Genesis authorship
scholars who follow Wellhausen and the Documentary hypothesis, since the central basis of the Documentary hypothesis is that the Pentateuch is mostly a work
Wiseman_hypothesis
Variety of Aramaic used in the Hebrew Bible
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Biblical_Aramaic
Religious concept in the Hebrew Bible
perform kindness to their descendants, the people of Israel. In the documentary hypothesis, the promises of Genesis 12, 15, and 17 are attributed to Jahwist
Covenant_(biblical)
Book by R. N. Whybray (1987)
Pentateuch. Its originality lay in its detailed critique of the documentary hypothesis, and it remains a standard text on many reading lists. For almost
The_Making_of_the_Pentateuch
Branch of literary criticism that investigates the origins of ancient text
Diplomatics – Academic study of the protocols of documents Documentary hypothesis – Hypothesis to explain the origins and composition of the Torah Doubting
Historical_criticism
Biblical principles relating to ethics and worship
priestly, prophetic, and wisdom traditions. Julius Wellhausen's documentary hypothesis (1883) suggests that Exodus 20–23 and 34 "might be regarded as the
Ten_Commandments
American rabbi, biblical scholar, and professor (b. 1964)
from other scholars. Berman began as a strong proponent of the documentary hypothesis and late Persian authorship, but became convinced of the reliability
Joshua_Berman
Topics referred to by the same term
fragmentary hypothesis may refer to: The fragmentary hypothesis of the Pentateuch as an alternative to the documentary hypothesis or supplementary hypothesis Multi-source
Fragmentary_hypothesis
Biblical river
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Pishon
Family tree of Abraham in the Book of Genesis
from texts in Genesis 5, 10:1–7, 20, 22–23, 31–33, and 11. The documentary hypothesis attributes these genealogies to the priestly source. Abram and Sarai
Abraham's_family_tree
Topics referred to by the same term
operated by JR East. JE, an intermediate source text postulated by the documentary hypothesis for the Torah Jahnke and Emde aka "Tables of Functions with Formulas
Je
Study of the Christian Bible
were composed. Famous theories of historical criticism include the documentary hypothesis, which suggests that the Pentateuch was compiled from four different
Biblical_studies
Male given name
Cain's brother, Seth, found in Genesis 5:1–32. In terms of the documentary hypothesis, the genealogy of Cain is attributed to the Jahwist source (J),
Irad
German theologian and orientalist (1844–1918)
For the former, he is credited as one of the originators of the documentary hypothesis. Wellhausen was born at Hamelin in the Kingdom of Hanover. The son
Julius_Wellhausen
Northwest Semitic supreme deity
being semantically singular for "god" by biblical commentators. The documentary hypothesis theorizes that at least four different authors – the Jahwist (J)
El_(deity)
Biblical name for the second river in Chapter 2 of Genesis
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Gihon
First book of the Bible
to the documentary hypothesis until the 1980s. Since then, several variations and revisions have been proposed. The supplementary hypothesis posits three
Book_of_Genesis
Mythical structure in the Hebrew Bible
documentary hypothesis, which argues that the Pentateuch is composed of multiple "sources" that were later merged. Scholars who favor this hypothesis
Tower_of_Babel
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
List of Bible translations by language
List_of_Bible_translations_by_language
employing biblical source criticism, such as the documentary hypothesis and the supplementary hypothesis, for constructing modern Jewish theology, including
Biblical_hermeneutics
Standard Syriac Christian edition of the Bible
Transmission and Limitations. Oxford University Press. p. 57–58. The hypothesis that the Peshitta version of the New Testament was made by or for Rabbula
Peshitta
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
The_Bible_and_homosexuality
Combining and altering of source texts into a single document
text appears to be coherent. Such a situation is proposed by the documentary hypothesis in the academic field of biblical scholarship, which affirms that
Redaction (editorial synthesis)
Redaction_(editorial_synthesis)
One of the most accepted sources for the Torah in source criticism
The Deuteronomist, abbreviated as either Dtr or simply D, may refer either to the source document underlying the core chapters (12–26) of the Book of Deuteronomy
Deuteronomist
Aramaic translation of the Jewish scriptures
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Targum
Figure in the Book of Genesis
long-lived patriarchs, are in the book of Genesis. In terms of the documentary hypothesis, the passage about the descendants of Adam (Genesis 5:1-32) is attributed
Jared_(biblical_figure)
British rabbi, writer, and theologian (1920–2006)
with how to reconcile modern-day Orthodox Jewish faith with the documentary hypothesis. His ideas about the subject were outlined in the book, We Have
Louis_Jacobs
Method of biblical criticism
criticism for Old Testament studies; they used it to supplement the documentary hypothesis with reference to its oral foundations.[page needed][failed verification]
Form_criticism
Christianity based on Apostle Paul's doctrines
Jesus' brother, on the other. This has been seen as reviving Baur's hypothesis. Some literary critics of Christianity argue that Paul distorted the original
Pauline_Christianity
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Genealogies_in_the_Bible
Topics referred to by the same term
practice combining technology with humanistic inquiry Documentary hypothesis or Wellhausen hypothesis, describing the origins of Judeo-Christian scripture
DH
Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke
also attracted fresh advocates, as has the Independence hypothesis, which denies documentary relationships altogether.[citation needed] On this collapse
Synoptic_Gospels
Name designating author(s) of various Hebrew Bible books
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
The_Chronicler
Exodus 20:22-23:19
into the Bible, continue to be debated. Most proponents of the documentary hypothesis associate it with either the Elohist ("E") materials, or, less commonly
Covenant_Code
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
List_of_rulers_of_Edom
Biblical books whose authenticity or value is disputed
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Antilegomena
Languages used in the original writings of the Bible
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Biblical_languages
Collection of religious texts
Joel S. (2012). The Composition of the Pentateuch: Renewing the Documentary Hypothesis. Anchor Yale Reference Library. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-15264-7
Bible
Theorized original text of the Hebrew Bible
disputed that there ever was such a uniform text. Documentary hypothesis Supplementary hypothesis Q source Geoffrey W. Bromiley et al.: The International
Urtext_(biblical_studies)
Ancient Jewish biblical manuscripts
scholars, almost universally held until the 1990s, is the "Qumran–Essene" hypothesis originally posited by Roland Guérin de Vaux and Józef Tadeusz Milik, though
Dead_Sea_Scrolls
Bible translations into Latin before Jerome's Vulgate
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Vetus_Latina
Biblical term for convert
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Proselyte
Bible translation
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Gothic_Bible
Phrase used in the Hebrew Bible and apocrypha
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Sons_of_God
Books not accepted as sacred manuscripts in Judaism
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Jewish apocrypha and pseudepigrapha
Jewish_apocrypha_and_pseudepigrapha
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Allegorical interpretation of the Bible
Allegorical_interpretation_of_the_Bible
Critical edition of the Greek New Testament
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Novum_Testamentum_Graece
Heidelberg professor, who applied form criticism as a supplement to the documentary hypothesis of the Hebrew Bible, the snake in the Eden's narrative was more
Serpents_in_the_Bible
Estimating dates of composition for parts of the Bible
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Dating_the_Bible
Biblical region
11 verses in the Hebrew Bible, all in Genesis. Adherents of the documentary hypothesis often attribute most of these verses to the priestly source and
Paddan_Aram
Poem in the Book of Exodus
The Song of the Sea (Biblical Hebrew: שִׁירַת הַיָּם, romanized: širaṯ hayyām), also known as Az Yashir Moshe (אָז יָשִׁיר מֹשֶׁה "then Moses will sing")
Song_of_the_Sea
List of laws at Exodus 34:11–26
again either by gradual aggregation, or by an individual. The documentary hypothesis identifies the Ritual Decalogue as the work of the Jahwist, from
Ritual_Decalogue
Christian theology of the Bible
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Biblical_infallibility
Topics referred to by the same term
Source hypothesis can refer to: Documentary hypothesis, for the Pentateuch of the Hebrew Bible Two-source hypothesis, for the Synoptic Gospels of the
Source_hypothesis
First woman according to the Abrahamic creation myth
tradition. This narrative portion is attributed to Yahwist (J) by the documentary hypothesis due to the use of YHWH. In the narrative of humanity’s expulsion
Eve
Italian historian, rabbi, and scholar
the documentary hypothesis had become the dominant view on the origins of the Pentateuch in academia.[citation needed] Cassuto's The Documentary Hypothesis
Umberto_Cassuto
Leviticus chapters 17–26
very briefly.[citation needed] According to most versions of the documentary hypothesis, the Holiness Code represents an earlier text that was edited and
Holiness_code
One of the four sources of the Torah in the documentary hypothesis
Cross's study was the beginning of a series of attacks on the documentary hypothesis, continued notably by the work of Hans Heinrich Schmid (The So-called
Priestly_source
Books of the Bible which are considered non-canonical by Protestant denominations
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Deuterocanonical_books
Authoritative text of the Tanakh in Rabbinic Judaism
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Masoretic_Text
Book by Julius Wellhausen
Julius Wellhausen (1844–1918) that formulated but did not found the documentary hypothesis, a theory on the composition history of the Torah or Pentateuch
Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels
Prolegomena_zur_Geschichte_Israels
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Chapters and verses of the Bible
Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible
Locations Israelites visited after Exodus
According to the documentary hypothesis, the list of the Stations was originally a distinct and separate source text. Proponents of this hypothesis believe that
Stations_of_the_Exodus
First Christian synod (c. 48–50 AD)
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Council_of_Jerusalem
American biblical scholar and theologian (born 1946)
work Who Wrote the Bible?, he provides an updated analysis of the documentary hypothesis.[citation needed] Friedman is of the view that the P Source of the
Richard_Elliott_Friedman
Studying the Torah, Talmud or other rabbinic literature
archaeology and linguistics. In time the documentary hypothesis emerged from these studies. The documentary hypothesis holds that the Torah was not written
Torah_study
Group of heterodox Christians in the Asia Minor region
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Alogi
Location described in the Book of Numbers
Peninsula and southern Negev. According to textual scholars of the documentary hypothesis, the account concerning Kibroth-hattaavah is part of the Yahwist
Kibroth_Hattaavah
Critical method for the study of biblical texts
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Redaction_criticism
Traditional Jewish exegesis of Biblical texts
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Midrash
Classical Latin translation of the Bible
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Nova_Vulgata
Approach to the interpretation of the Bible
Hebraica Stuttgartensia Rahlfs' Septuagint Novum Testamentum Graece Documentary hypothesis Synoptic problem NT textual categories Biblical criticism Historical
Biblical_literalism
Samaritan version of the Torah
origin of the Samaritan Pentateuch within the context of his local texts hypothesis. He views the Samaritan Pentateuch as having emerged from a manuscript
Samaritan_Pentateuch
31st chapter of the Book of Numbers
constitutes a rather extreme version of sex outside marriage." In the 2006 documentary The Root of All Evil? Part 2: The Virus of Faith, Richard Dawkins condemned
Numbers_31
Location in the Hebrew Bible
"Horeb the mount of God", and encounters God there. According to the documentary hypothesis, the name Sinai is used in the Torah only by the Jahwist and Priestly
Mount_Horeb
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