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Chemical process of joining two molecular entities by bonds of any kind
In chemistry, dimerization is the process of joining two identical or similar molecular entities by bonds. The resulting bonds can be either strong or
Dimerization
The telomerization is the linear dimerization of 1,3-dienes with simultaneous addition of a nucleophile in a catalytic reaction. The reaction was independently
Telomerization_(dimerization)
Reaction in organic chemistr
Carbene dimerization is a type of organic reaction in which two carbene or carbenoid precursors react in a formal dimerization to an alkene. This reaction
Carbene_dimerization
Macromolecular complex formed by two, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules
protein NEMO. Some proteins contain specialized domains to ensure dimerization (dimerization domains) and specificity. The G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors
Protein_dimer
dimerization (CID) is a biological mechanism in which two proteins bind only in the presence of a certain small molecule, enzyme or other dimerizing agent
Chemically induced dimerization
Chemically_induced_dimerization
Type of DNA damage
(64PPs), their Dewar valence isomers, and the spore photoproduct (SP). Dimerization may proceed via a direct mechanism, in which UV radiation is absorbed
Pyrimidine_dimer
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Jun dimerization protein 2 (JUNDM2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JDP2 gene. The Jun dimerization protein is a member of the AP-1 family
Jun_dimerization_protein_2
Dimer for protein manipulation
chemically induced dimerization applications. FK1012 is a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) which makes the protein capable of dimerization or oligomerization
FK1012
Organic reaction which inserts an alkene into a C-H bond of ethylene
{red}{\ce {H -}}}{\ce {CH2-CH(Ph)}}{\color {red}{\ce {-CH=CH2}}}} The dimerization of ethylene which gives 1-butene is another example of a hydrovinylation
Hydrovinylation
Chemical compound
colorless liquid. Together with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene it can be produced by dimerization of propylene. It is a precursor to the commercial fragrance tonalide
2,3-Dimethyl-1-butene
Key enzyme of photosynthesis involved in carbon fixation
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, commonly known by the abbreviations RuBisCo, rubisco, RuBPCase, or RuBPco, is an enzyme (EC 4.1.1.39)
RuBisCO
Chemical process
produced within the Madagascar periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus) whose dimerization produces the anti-cancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. The precursor
Dimerization of catharanthine and vindoline
Dimerization_of_catharanthine_and_vindoline
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
MAX dimerization protein MGA is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MGA gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000174197 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:
MAX_dimerization_protein_MGA
Pharmaceutical compound
byproducts resulting from the dimerization of vitamin A. Gildeuretinol is new molecular entity designed to reduce the dimerization of vitamin A in the eye without
Gildeuretinol
Organic molecule containing two or more fused cyclobutane rings
result of the initial dimerization of two cyclobutadienes which preferably forms the syn product, shown below. The further dimerization only produces the
Ladderane
Chemical compound
use of peroxydisulfuric acid gives rise to 1,4‑benzoxazine compounds. Dimerization of isatin with KBH4 in methanol yields Indirubin. This represents the
Isatin
Protein
members of the same subfamily having very similar NR dimerization partners and the underlying dimerization network has certain topological features, such as
Nuclear_receptor
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
3-Hydroxybutyraldehyde (acetaldol), an aldol, formally the product of the dimerization of acetaldehyde 4-Hydroxybutyraldehyde, a chemical intermediate Hydroxybutanal
Hydroxybutyraldehyde
DNA-binding structural motif
alpha helix of a second polypeptide, facilitating dimerization. Leucine zippers are a dimerization motif of the bZIP (Basic-region leucine zipper) class
Leucine_zipper
Organic compound of the form >C=C=O
are normally performed in nonpolar media to prevent dimerization.[citation needed] Dimerization of stearic ketene affords alkyl ketene dimers, widely
Ketene
Chemical reaction
the proline-catalyzed dimerization of alpha-oxyaldehydes followed by tandem Mukaiyama aldol cyclization. The aldol dimerization of alpha-oxyaldehydes
Aldol_reaction
Reaction impacting chemical bonds
interact less, and there is a lower thermodynamic drive for dimerization. In the dimerization reactions, the diene and dienophile were equally electron
Inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction
Inverse_electron-demand_Diels–Alder_reaction
Enzyme
In enzymology, catechol oxidase (dimerizing) (EC 1.1.3.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Four catechol 3 O2 6 H2O 3 O2 6 H2O Two
Catechol_oxidase_(dimerizing)
Chemical compound
Niemetz, Ruth (2003). "Ellagitannin biosynthesis: laccase-catalyzed dimerization of tellimagrandin II to cornusiin E in Tellima grandiflora". Phytochemistry
Tellimagrandin_II
Chemical compound
HBX3− + (BH3) (X=F, Cl, Br, I) 2 BH3 → B2H6 The standard enthalpy of dimerization of BH3 is estimated to be −170 kJ mol−1. The boron atom in BH3 has 6
Borane
Chemical compound
petrochemical, produced by the catalytic cracking of crude oil or the dimerization of ethylene. Its main uses are in the production of high-octane gasoline
2-Butene
Simple model of topological insulator
the chain is clearly an insulator as the chain is broken into dimers (dimerized). However one of the two cases would consist of N / 2 {\displaystyle N/2}
Su–Schrieffer–Heeger_model
RNA family
the primary dimer initiation site (DIS) as it is believed to promote dimerization of the viral genome through formation of a "kissing dimer" intermediate
Retroviral psi packaging element
Retroviral_psi_packaging_element
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
predicted to form coiled coil structures and is proposed to mediate dimerization, sense and induce membrane curvature, and bind small GTPases. BAR domain
Bridging_integrator_3
Chemical compound
overnight to allow dimerization to anemonin. The findings of an investigation by Kataoka and colleagues in 1965 implied that this dimerization may be mediated
Anemonin
Protein complex
The dimerization partner, RB-like, E2F and multi-vulval class B (DREAM) complex is a protein complex responsible for the regulation of cell cycle-dependent
DREAM_complex
Hydrocarbon compound (H2C=CH2)
catalyzed by solid acid catalysts: C2H4 + H2O → CH3CH2OH Ethylene is dimerized by hydrovinylation to give n-butenes using processes licensed by Lummus
Ethylene
Property of conjugated systems with 4n delocalized electrons
1063/1.2748049. PMID 17655439. Yi, Li; K. N. Houk (July 2001). "The Dimerization of Cyclobutadiene. An ab Initio CASSCF Theoretical Study". Journal of
Antiaromaticity
Study of magnesium compounds in chemistry
General scheme of dimerization of Grignard reagents and Schlenk equilibrium
Organomagnesium_chemistry
Sub-discipline of chemistry
is involved in retinal, a component of the machinery of vision. The dimerization of alkenes is relevant to the photodamage of DNA, where thymine dimers
Photochemistry
Small molecule chemical linker
(2014-11-17). "Localized light-induced protein dimerization in living cells using a photocaged dimerizer". Nature Communications. 5 (1): 5475. doi:10.1038/ncomms6475
TMP-HTag
Protein domain
D-domain (Dimerization domain) is found in the upstream of the F-box domain, which is a conserved dimerization motif located in WD40 repeat F box proteins
D_domain
Facility that processes crude oil
to form isooctane. There are also other uses for dimerization. Gasoline produced through dimerization is highly unsaturated and very reactive. It tends
Oil_refinery
Class of enzymes
to the extracellular domain of an RTK, its dimerization is triggered with other adjacent RTKs. Dimerization leads to a rapid activation of the protein's
Receptor_tyrosine_kinase
Chemical compound
to less-substituted cyclopentadiene derivatives, Cp*H is not prone to dimerization. Pentamethylcyclopentadiene is commercially available. It was first prepared
Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Dimer, dimer, dimerization, dimeric, or dimerous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Dimer may refer to: Dimer (chemistry), a chemical structure
Dimer
Protein-coding gene in humans
function DNA binding core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding protein dimerization activity DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase
SOHLH1
Chemical compound
Paquette's 1982 synthesis of dodecahedrane. The first step involved reductive dimerization of the molecule to give dihydrofulvalene, not simple addition to give
Cyclopentadiene
Metabolic pathway leading to mRNA degradation
Peter Josef (2026). "Staufen-swapping motif is crucial for Staufen dimerization, structure, and Staufen-mediated mRNA decay". Protein Science. 35 (7)
Staufen-mediated_mRNA_decay
similar physical properties. These compounds arise via the acid catalyzed dimerization of isobutene, a reaction that proceeds via the carbocation (CH3)3C+.
Diisobutene
Organic compound with formula (CH2CO)2
by dimerization of ketene. Heating or irradiation with UV light regenerates the ketene monomer: (C2H2O)2 ⇌ 2 CH2CO Alkylated ketenes also dimerize with
Diketene
Class of enzymes
systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP phosphohydrolase (tubulin-dimerizing). Katanin McNally FJ, Vale RD (1993). "Identification of katanin, an ATPase
Microtubule-severing_ATPase
Mammalian protein found in humans
that ADAR1 dimerization occurs specifically through its third double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD3), and importantly, this dimerization is RNA-independent
ADAR
Pharmaceutical drug
called a "epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) dimerization inhibitor" — it inhibits the dimerization of HER2 with other HER receptors, which prevents
Pertuzumab
Chemical compound
thought to be synthesized by the PR-10 protein Hyp-1 through emodin dimerization, but despite confirming Hyp-1’s structure and ligand-binding capability
Hypericin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
expression data Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding protein dimerization activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity DNA-binding transcription
TFEB
Measure of solute effect
. {\displaystyle i=1-\left(1-{\frac {1}{n}}\right)\alpha .} For the dimerization of acetic acid in benzene: 2 CH3COOH ⇌ (CH3COOH)2 2 moles of acetic acid
Van_'t_Hoff_factor
Chemical compound
tendency to form dimers in solution, especially in the presence of oxygen. Dimerization greatly lowers the efficiency of subsequent coupling reactions such as
Dithiothreitol
Class of enzymes
class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:[3-phospho-D-glycerate-carboxy-lyase (dimerizing)]-lysine N6-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include rubisco
(Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase)-lysine N-methyltransferase
(Ribulose-bisphosphate_carboxylase)-lysine_N-methyltransferase
Component of the innate immune system
contains four trans-membrane domains. Its C-terminal domain contains the dimerization domain, the cyclic dinucleotide interaction domain, as well as a domain
CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway
CGAS–STING_cytosolic_DNA_sensing_pathway
Protein found in humans
ErbB3 that causes the protrusion of the dimerization loop in subdomain II, activating the protein for dimerization. ErbB3 has been shown to bind the ligands
ERBB3
Class of pharmaceutical drug
in vivo clearance by CYP3A4 ALK-001 (d3-vitamin A) Phase 3 Slows the dimerization rate of vitamin A AVP-786 (d6-dextromethorphan) Phase 3 Reduces formation
Deuterated_drug
Chemical compound
Alder and coworker, the structure was deduced in 1931. The spontaneous dimerization of neat cyclopentadiene at room temperature to form dicyclopentadiene
Dicyclopentadiene
Protein found in humans
usually an inactive monomer inhibited by ICAD. This is cleaved before dimerization. Apoptosis is a cell self-destruct process that removes toxic and/or
Caspase-activated_DNase
Chemical compound
presence of acid catalysts. It can also be produced from isobutylene by dimerization using an Amberlyst catalyst to produce a mixture of iso-octenes. Hydrogenation
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
oxidoreductase activity catalytic activity pyridoxal phosphate binding protein dimerization activity glycine binding glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity
Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
Glycine_dehydrogenase_(decarboxylating)
Chemical compound
explosives (4,4'-Dinitro-3,3'-diazenofuroxan). Furoxanes can be formed by dimerization of nitrile oxides. Clara Cena; Massimo Bertinaria; Donatella Boschi;
Furoxan
Protein domain
C-terminal dimerization subdomain determines dimerization propensity with other proteins in the NF-κB/Rel protein family. The dimerization subdomain is
Rel_homology_domain
Industrially relevant enzyme
nucleotide-binding domain and a C-terminal dimerization domain joined by a long interdomain α-helix. Each protomer's α-helical dimerization domain wraps around the interdomain
Imine_reductase
Enzyme found in humans
inactive monomers within the cell, their activation relies on dimerization. This dimerization occurs when initiator caspases are recruited to large protein
Caspase_2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
data BioGPS n/a Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding protein dimerization activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity transcription factor
ATOH8
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
that in humans are encoded from the same MOCS2 gene. These two proteins dimerize to form molybdopterin synthase. Eukaryotic molybdoenzymes use a unique
MOCS2
Enzyme in humans
More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function protein dimerization activity protein homodimerization activity endopeptidase activity protease
Fibroblast activation protein, alpha
Fibroblast_activation_protein,_alpha
Chemical compound
A variety of substituted 1,3-Cyclobutanediones form upon spontaneous dimerization of disubstituted ketenes. 2,2,4,4-Tetramethylcyclobutanedione is thus
1,3-Cyclobutanedione
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ontology Molecular function transcription coactivator activity protein dimerization activity protein binding enzyme binding oxidoreductase activity Cellular
WWOX
Pleiadene generation and dimerization
Non-Kekulé_molecule
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PDZ-ligand complex reveals a class I PDZ interaction and a novel PDZ-PDZ dimerization". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (48): 48099–48104. doi:10
SHANK1
Chemical compound
electrochemical hydrodimerisation or by catalytic dimerization of acrylonitrile. A catalytic tail-tail dimerization of two acrylonitrile molecules forms hexanedinitrile:
2-Methyleneglutaronitrile
Protein-coding gene in humans
elements. The shorter isoform (deltaZip2) lacks the leucine zipper protein-dimerization motif and does not bind to DNA, and it stimulates transcription, it is
ATF3
Class of chemical compounds
alkylidene group when dimerizing in a [2+2] photocycloadditions. Staudinger's insight was complicated by dependence of the dimerization on substituents. The
Alkyl_ketene_dimer
DNA sequence
viral transcription activator protein Tat. Poly A plays roles both in dimerization and genome packaging since it is necessary for cleavage and polyadenylation
Long_terminal_repeat
Chemical compound
produced by separation from crude C4 refinery streams and by ethylene dimerization. The former affords a mixture of 1-and 2-butenes, while the latter affords
1-Butene
Index of enzymes associated with the same name
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(3-phospho-D-glycerate-carboxy-lyase (dimerizing))-lysine 6-N-methyltransferase may refer to: (Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase)-lysine
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(3-phospho-D-glycerate-carboxy-lyase_(dimerizing))-lysine_6-N-methyltransferase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
an N-terminal dimerization domain. Consisting of an intricate arrangement of α-helices, the rod domain, together with the dimerization-conducting N terminus
PRC1
Chemical reaction producing oligomers with two distinct end groups
groups, and n is the degree of polymerization. One example is the coupled dimerization and hydroesterification of buta-1,3-diene. This step produces a doubly
Telomerization
Organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO
specifically to 3-hydroxybutanal. It is formally the product of the dimerization of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO). A thick colorless or pale-yellow liquid, it
3-Hydroxybutanal
Chemical compound
soluble in most organic solvents. It is prepared by the base-catalysed dimerization of diketene. Commonly used organic bases include imidazole, DABCO, and
Dehydroacetic_acid
direction that the O2 operator faces when the DNA is looped and prevents dimerization of the O2 bound AraC with the bound I1 araC. The PBAD promoter allows
PBAD_promoter
Chemical compound
irradiation: CF2=CF−CF=CF2 + 2 Br2 → CF2Br−CFBr−CFBr−CF2Br Hexafluorobutadiene dimerizes via a [2+2] process at 150 °C to give perfluorinated divinylcyclobutanes
Hexafluorobutadiene
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific protein dimerization activity RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA
Neuronal_PAS_domain_protein_4
Type of unintended effects of genetic modification techniques
monomeric nucleases often involve high levels of off-target effects, dimerization is an attractive strategy. In a dimer system, both nucleases must bind
Off-target_genome_editing
Experimental gene therapy
confers selectivity to zinc finger nucleases. Specificity is provided by dimerization, which decreases the probability of off-site cleavage. Each set of zinc
Zinc finger nuclease treatment of HIV
Zinc_finger_nuclease_treatment_of_HIV
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Structure of a N-terminal Fragment of SKAP-Hom Containing Both the Helical Dimerization Domain and the PH Domain 1u5g: Crystal Structure of the PH Domain of
SKAP2
Chemical compound
an antiaromatic one. For this reason, benzocyclobutadiene will readily dimerize or polymerize and it reacts as a dienophile in Diels-Alder reactions. Benzocyclobutadiene
Benzocyclobutadiene
dimerization interaction. Experimentally, it has been seen that, in vivo, mutating the Dimerization initiation site (DIS) obstructed the dimerization
Kissing_stem-loop
Hydrocarbon compounds with a C=C bond at the alpha carbon
alpha-olefins. One class of methods starts with ethylene which is either dimerized or oligomerized. These conversions are respectively effected by the alphabutol
Terminal_alkene
Cascade of intracellular and molecular events for transmission/amplification of signals
overturned by compensation mechanisms. In the case of HER2, which acts as a dimerization partner of other epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), constitutive
Signal_transduction
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function protein dimerization activity protein binding lipid binding protein-macromolecule adaptor
PEX3
Life arising from non-living matter
The Breslow catalytic cycle for formaldehyde dimerization and C2-C6 sugar formation
Abiogenesis
Enzyme
forms a salt bridge with arginine and a hydrogen bond with glutamine. Dimerization is essential to maintaining function as the active site is found at this
Glutamate_decarboxylase
Laboratory technique to multiply a DNA sample for study
Bloch W (April 1992). "Prevention of pre-PCR mis-priming and primer dimerization improves low-copy-number amplifications". Nucleic Acids Research. 20
Polymerase_chain_reaction
Ring molecule with two nonadjacent atoms linked by a chain
proximity this cyclophane type also serves as guinea pig for photochemical dimerization reactions as illustrated by this example: The product formed has an octahedrane
Cyclophane
Chemical compound
are replaced with C–F bonds. Octafluorocyclobutane is produced by the dimerization of tetrafluoroethylene and the reductive coupling of 1,2-dichloro-1,1
Octafluorocyclobutane
(Figure 5, right-side). Dioxygen induces dimerization for complexes shown in Figure 6. The O2-induced dimerization follows a radical mechanism, whereas H-atom
Iron_arene_complexes
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific protein dimerization activity Cellular component nucleolus nucleoplasm cytoplasm nucleus PML
Sp100_nuclear_antigen
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